字幕列表 影片播放
-
Here in the States,
在美國,
-
I've already seen how they do intensive farming on a huge scale.
我看到他們如何進行大型的密集式畜牧生產。
-
In the next 40 years, we'll have 9 billion people on this planet.
未來40年,全球將會有90億人口,
-
We have to make as much food as we have made since the beginning of time.
我們需要製造大量食物,數量相等於從遠古至現在的總和。
-
and I've seen from the air, how another farm does it even bigger.
我也從高空看到另一個更大的乳牛場。
-
Each of these sheds has got about 3,000 cows in it, and there's 10 units spread out across this farm,
每個牛棚有大約3,000隻牛,整個牧場共有10個牛棚,分佈在不同的角落,
-
makes my farm look like an allotment.
相比之下,我的農場只看似一個農圃,
-
Now it's time to see it close up.
是時候看近一點。
-
Well, seeing that farm from the air was absolutely extraordinary.
從高空觀看這個乳牛場,絕對是非凡體驗。
-
I've now got an hour's long drive to find out what happens on ground level.
1小時車程後,我會走進乳牛場,了解裡面是什麼一回事。
-
The farm I am about to visit has managed to turn intensive farming into a tourist attraction.
我參觀的牧場,由大型的密集式牧場,變成一個旅遊景點。
-
Fair Oaks Farm Park receives 500,000 visitors every year.
Fair Oaks Farm Park 每年接待500,000名遊客。
-
They come to see the 32,000 cows which produce more than 2 million pints of milk every day.
遊客專程來看這合共32,000隻,每日生產2,000,000品脫牛奶的牛群。
-
25 barns, most of them are 1/4 mile long, are spread over a 17,000 acre site.
乳牛場共有25個牛棚,大部分長達1/4英里,分佈在這17,000英畝的土地上。
-
How can you possibly look after 32,000 cows?
你怎能夠飼養32,000隻牛?
-
I mean, that's a lot of animals to look after, isn't it?
這是個大數目,是嗎?
-
Yes, we have 32,000 cows, but every cow is an individual.
是的,我們有32,000隻牛,但每一隻牛是一個個體。
-
In a computer record, we know everything about that cow,
根據電腦記錄,我們知道牛隻的一切資料:
-
when she had a calf, when she had a cough, whatever.
它何時曾誕下小牛,何時曾生病等等。
-
These cows are under 24 hour observation.
牛群會受24小時觀察。
-
We have 450 workers that are looking after their welfare along with our veterinarians.
我們有450工人及獸醫負責照顧牛隻。
-
and so, we invite the public to come in, see what we do,
我們邀請公眾參觀,看我們的運作,
-
measure us against… do they think we're taking care of our cows.
監察我們給牛群的照顧。
-
A farm of this size must have a big environmental impact.
牧場這麼大,一定會對環境構成影響。
-
Well, yeah, the potential environmental impact that we think we've taken that off the page.
嗯,是的,但我們認為已經解決了潛在對環境的影響。
-
We collect 100% of our manure every day in huge vacuum cleaners that all goes to anaerobic digesters,
我們每日有吸管收集所有牛糞,送進厭氧沼氣池,
-
and it creates a renewable energy source.
轉化為可再生能源。
-
so 100% of our power is poo power.
所以我們的能源,全靠牛糞發電。
-
A farm this size can produce enough electricity to power 8,000 homes.
以這個牧場的規模,可以製造足夠電力,供8000戶家庭使用。
-
In addition it's a 58% methane gas. We can scrub that make it 100% methane. Now, that's natural gas.
而且,氣體含58﹪甲烷。我們能將它提煉至100﹪,成為天然氣,
-
And we run all of our trucks off a compressed natural gas.
供我們的貨車使用。
-
Do you think this is industrial farming that is very much a factory for the cows?
你認為這種工業化的畜牧生產,像一個牛工廠嗎?
-
Are they prisoners of their own labour?
這群牛是否好像囚犯,勞役自已?
-
Well, certainly we don't feel that way.
嗯,當然我們不會有這種想法,
-
In terms of our love of dairy, and our love of farming, and our family involvement,
我們對牛隻的熱愛,我們對畜牧的熱愛,我們一家的付出,
-
to us, it's just a family farm,
對於我們,這只是一個家庭農場,
-
and we happen to grow it a little larger than the guy down the road.
只是它碰巧比鄰家的大一點兒罷了。
-
And if you think that farming on this scale might not be heading for the UK, then think again.
如果你認為這種規模的乳牛場不會在英國出現的話,再想想吧。
-
These british farmers are visiting Fair Oaks, to see what they can learn from intensive farming.
這些英國農夫也在牧場考察,研究這種大型密集式乳牛場有否值得借鏡的地方。
-
What we've seen in this trip today is that, you can look after cows, in a very favorable way in large numbers.
今天我們見到了,原來是有一個的良好辦法,可以照料大量牛隻。
-
and something that we've come here to see how the Americans look after a large number of cows.
這正是我們來看美國人養殖大量乳牛的原因。
-
We've got so much to learn from them, from a management point of view,
我們有很多地方要向他們學習,特別是管理。
-
That's the whole reason we are over here, really.
這是考察的真正目的。
-
And I think the management and welfare standards are so good,
我覺得,他們的管理及護理的水平是多麽好,
-
because they are big, they can't get away with anything less.
正因他們的規模大,不能省功夫,
-
Really, I'm trying and learn from these guys
真的,我想學他們,
-
and see if we can implement their management techniques in our farms.
想在我們的農場,運用他們的管理技巧。
-
Despite its size, Fair Oaks has encountered little opposition from locals.
雖然Fair Oaks 乳牛場佔地大,但他們遇到當地居民反對的聲音,並不算多。
-
But that's not the case for all huge farming operations.
但並非所有大型乳牛場都有這種厚待。
-
This dairy farm is the biggest in Wisconsin.
這是威斯康星州最大的乳牛場,
-
It has 8,000 cows and it's a similar size to the one proposed in Nocton in Lincolnshire.
飼養了8000隻牛,佔地相當於在英國林肯郡諾克頓的乳牛場選址。
-
Since it opened 2 years ago, it has been causing a stink with some of the neighbors.
從2年前開業到現在,乳牛場為部分居民帶來臭味問題。
-
So what sort of problems have you been experiencing?
你們遇到哪些問題?
-
I've had a number of neighbors contact me,
有很多鄰居聯絡我,
-
and a described symptoms of pounding headaches, migraines and new symptoms of asthma,
並描述病徵如強烈頭痛,偏頭痛,及哮喘等症狀,
-
just since the dairy has been in operation.
自乳牛場開業便出現了。
-
So, it's the slurry, the smell?
那麽,臭味是來自化糞池的嗎?
-
It's actually, I call it the stench. It's more than a smell.
是的,其實我會稱它為惡臭,它比臭味還要臭。
-
and when it hits you, it overpowers you.
當你吸入它,它會壓倒你。
-
If you think about the chemicals that are causing the odor,
試想想,形成臭味的化學物質,
-
it's HAM: hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, and methane, all being released. They are all toxic gases,
它們是硫化氫,氨和甲烷,在空氣流動。它們是有毒的。
-
and you certainly don't want to breathe them in.
你一定不想吸入這些氣體。
-
They would be regulated if it were ordinary industry.
如果在一般行業,這些氣體會受規管的。
-
so, what advice would you give to the people in the UK who may end up with these mega dairies next to them?
那麼,對於那些快要跟大型乳牛場為鄰的英國居民,你們有什麼忠告?
-
I think that if you have a sense of ethics, and moral responsibility to the future generation,
我認為,如果你有道德責任,及為下一代著想的話。
-
then you will do everything you can to prevent the spread of industrial size mega farms.
你會竭盡所能,去避免大型工業式畜牧場繼續擴散。
-
The number of dairies in the US like this one with 2,000+ cows has tripled in the last 10 years,
在美國,這類飼養超過2,000隻乳牛的農場數目,近10年間升了3倍 。
-
whilst the number of small farms has nearly halved.
而小型牧場的數量幾乎減少了一半。
-
Those who run these massive farms though, say welfare hasn't suffered and they are more heavily policed.
經營大型牧場的負責人,却聲稱環境無受影響,因他們受到較多規管。
-
We have probably been the most regulated dairy ever. We follow a 4,000 page document, if you will.
我們應該是歷來最受規管的牧場,我們跟從一份4,000頁的文件。
-
It tells us when we can spread, where we can spread, how much we can spread.
規定我們廢物處理的時間,地點,以至數量。
-
Obviously, it's cow manure, and it's going to smell once in a while.
很明顯,廢物是牛糞,它們偶爾會帶些氣味。
-
and the smell, you know, they claimed that there's smells of sulphur,
那些氣味,你知道嗎,居民聲稱它是硫磺的氣味,
-
it gets to the back of your throat, and they've got to stay in their houses.
吸入會使喉部不適,他們要躲在家裡。
-
Is there any way you can work with them and help them?
你有無方法可以幫助他們解決問題?
-
We work with some of our neighbors. We've had neighbors come to say,
我們有幫一些鄰居。有鄰居找我們說,
-
Hey, we are going to have family reunion, Can you make sure that you don't spread near our houses?
嗨,我們會有家庭聚會,可以確保氣味不會傳至我家嗎?
-
then we say, "No problem. We won't spread near your house that day."
我們會答,無問題,我們當日不會傳出氣味。
-
It's a difficult balance.
農民要作出困難的平衡。
-
These farmers don't want to fall out with their neighbors,
一方面,他們不希望跟鄰居鬧翻,
-
but of course, they do want to make money.
另一方面,他們想賺錢。
-
Dairying isn't the only type of farming that can cause an environmental impact, there's pig farming, too.
除了酪農,養豬也對環境造成影響。
-
I have got a few pigs at home, but nothing like what's planned for Derbyshire,
我家也養了一些豬,也絕不像在德比郡,
-
where they are hoping to set up the biggest pig farm in the UK.
那個規劃中全英國最大的養豬場那樣。
-
So while I'm over here, I'm going to meet up an American guy,
稍後,我會見一個美國人。
-
who is going to tell me all about what they call, the hog industry.
他會向我介紹他們的養豬業。
-
Malcolm DeKryger is vice president of a company which own 12,000 sows,
Malcolm DeKryger是這家公司的副總裁,擁有12,000隻母豬,
-
and produce 140,000 pigs for slaughter every year.
每年生產140,000隻可屠宰的生豬。
-
Sales total $25,000,000 or £16,000,000.
營業額達25,000,000美元,或16,000,000英鎊
-
Big, big business in anybody's money.
對於任何人,這是一盤大生意。
-
em… These sows are in 16cm wide stalls, for about 8-10 weeks. They will be in this barn,
嗯,這些母豬先在一個16厘米寛攤架,逗留8-10星期,然後會搬到這裡。
-
and we do the artificial semination in the breeding barn. They are in there for 6-7 weeks,
我們會在育嬰棚作人工受孕,牠們會留6-7星期。
-
and then, they are coming here for about 8-9 weeks.
然後會搬到這裡,逗留8-9星期。
-
and so, they just keep moving barn to barn.
所以牠們會經常搬家。
-
And so, they stand these stalls all their lives and they can never turn around?
那麼,牠們的一生就是站在這些攤架裡面,從來不能調頭走?
-
em… They can walk out and turn around, when they go to the next place.
嗯,當牠們要搬家的時候,他們可以走動的。
-
In the mean time, they are very comfortable and contented.
現在牠們很舒服,很滿足。
-
Some people would have a problem with this.
有些人會覺得有問題。
-
The pig being an intelligent animal, how do you feel about that?
豬是有靈性的動物。你有什麼感覺?
-
The way that we measure contentedness and well being…
我們量度滿足度和福祉,
-
em… is not based on humans, because pigs are not humans.
嗯,並不是以人作為指標,因為豬不是人。
-
Confined operations were put together for sake of the animal,
這個密閉的運作方式是為了動物,
-
put together for the sake of human labour efficiency.
為了生產效率。
-
And, is this how to feed the world?
那麼,這就是養活全球人類的方法?
-
em… At this point… this is a very effective way to produce a lot of pigs.
嗯,到目前為止,這是非常有效地生產大量豬隻,
-
and being it's how pork is the protein of demand in the world…
而豬肉是用來滿足全球對蛋白質需求,
-
em… it's the best way we know how, today.
嗯,這是我們現時所知的最好方法。
-
She's getting a bit sunburnt, doesn't she? That one.
她是否有點曬傷?是她。
-
Having seen that big pig farm, I came away not very happy with the way that the pigs are kept,
看到那家養豬場,對待豬的手法,我不太高興,
-
but delighted, really, the laws in Europe, and particularly the UK,
值得安慰的是,在歐洲,特別在英國,
-
don't allow us to keep pigs like that at home.
法例是不容許此等的養豬手法。
-
My trip across America has been an epic. And it's been a lot to take in.
我的美國之行好像一項壯舉,給我很多感受。
-
I need time to digest everything that I've seen and heard a minute over.
我需要時間去消化我的所見所聞。
-
but before I head home, I'll be back later in the programme to share my thoughts on whether we could,
回家之前,我想向大家分享我的想法,到底我們可否,
-
or even should learn anything about farming from the Americans.
或應否向美國的農業學習?