[MUSIC PLAYING]

TRAVIS WAMMACK: It's the South.

It's growing up poor, teaching yourself,

playing from the heart.

I don't think the sound that was

created in here was planned.

DONNIE FRITZ: The key word to me about Muscle

Shoals, it's a groove.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

IAN SVENONIUS: Here we are.

We're in Muscle Shoals, Alabama.

Muscle Shoals is known for a lot of things.

It's known for Reynolds Wrap.

And it's known for being a swamp.

But it's mostly known for American music.

The studios Muscle Shoals Sound and Fame have produced,

you know, Wilson Pickett records, Percy Sledge records,

Rolling Stones, and everything up to Lynard Skynard, the

Osmond's, and the group Alabama.

We wanted to explore what made this region such a fertile

musical region.

We're talking to the people who have worked here, who've

established Muscle Shoals, put it on the map.

And we're going to talk to the young people who are trying to

make their own way.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

IAN SVENONIUS: So much music now is based on the music that

was made here.

What are the central ingredients of that sound?

DOC DAILEY: When I think of the Muscle Shoals sound, like,

from the old recording era, I think more of an R&B feel.

But that's kind of what I think about.

I think it's probably more of a recording legacy.

You know, we had all the great session players here and

studios back in the day--

white guys playing soul music.

RICK HALL: We all started out as pickers.

We all had our own bands and we all played gigs.

And the odds were against us.

We're recording in a town of 5,000 people where you only

have four good guitar players.

You only have three good song writers.

It's a dry county.

You can't buy booze or even beer here.

And the thing we have going for us in spite of all of

that, we were cutting hit records because we worked

harder, longer, and were more driven, and felt the pressure

to be competitive with the world.

DONNIE FRITZ: We were just kids and learning.

But it was a young business.

It'd only been like three or four years since Elvis and all

these guys from Memphis started.

SCOTT BOYER: Yeah.

IAN SVENONIUS: First of all, I want to asked how you got

started, how you got the job?

DAVID HOOD: Well, I started hanging around Fame which was

just down the street from the store.

I was working at my father's tire store.

And my first union scale recording session was a hit, a

gold record.

And I had to start learning how to play

the base after that.

RICK HALL: We started out with a little funky

demonstration studio.

We stapled egg cartons on the walls.

And that was in Florence, Alabama, that's where Fame got

its name, of course, Florence, Alabama Music Enterprises.

DAVID HOOD: This is the legendary Rick Hall who

produced Arthur Alexander and the first hits that were from

around here.

He would find a song or an artist and go in and record

that artist with that song.

And then he'd go shop it and try to get it

played on the radio.

RICK HALL: I went on a tour.

We called it the Great Vodka Tour.

And any black station that had a tower, I'd take them a

bottle of vodka, or a bottle of gin, or whatever.

Then we left town and we're driving down the highway.

And we took a swig a vodka.

And said, hey.

They're playing our record.

IAN SVENONIUS: Yeah.

RICK HALL: It also started out with black music.

IAN SVENONIUS: Yeah.

RICK HALL: And I want to make that clear.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

IAN SVENONIUS: Wilson Pickett came in.

This was after he was in the Falcons and was--

DAVID HOOD: Yes.

They recorded "Midnight Hour" at Stax in Memphis.

And it was their first big hit.

And Jim Stewart, who owned Stax, said, well, look, we're

not going to let you guys come back in here and record

anymore stuff.

I want everything to be for Stax that's recorded here.

And so Jerry Wexler started looking for

another place to record.

And that's when he brought Pickett.

What really got Muscle Shoals music happening was Jerry

Wexler bringing Wilson Pickett and then

later on, Aretha Franklin.

RICK HALL: It's a little strange when you are a white

cracker from the State of Alabama and you become known

as a producer who produced only blacks acts.

So when you get to the Rolling Stones, and Otis Redding, and

on and on, you start to make your mark and

the word gets out.

Wait a minute?

What's going on down in Muscle Shoals, Alabama?

[MUSIC PLAYING]

IAN SVENONIUS: What makes this area so musical or whatever?

Or do you think it's anymore musical than any other places?

DOC DAILEY: Oh, it's definitely more musical than

other places.

IAN SVENONIUS: Is it the water?

DOC DAILEY: That's what they talk about, the singing river.

IAN SVENONIUS: Really?

The river?

That's interesting.

DOC DAILEY: Yes.

That's what they say.

There's supposedly an Indian legend that there's a lady in

the river that sings.

And you can actually hear her.

IAN SVENONIUS: Does she sing well?

DOC DAILEY: I've never heard her.

[LAUGHTER]

RICK HALL: People started migrating here from other

areas of the country, from California, from Los Angeles,

from New Orleans, and everywhere.

DAVID HOOD: I think that they came here because they had

heard a record or something, a hit that was recorded.

And they came because they wanted a hit too.

RICK HALL: So it's not where you're at, it's the

determination you have.

New York didn't want me and Los Angeles didn't want me.

So it was either Muscle Shoals, or nothing.

I just decided to plant myself here and said, look,

I'm going to do it.

I don't care if it was Wilson Pickett, or Clarence Carter,

or Aretha Franklin, or Mack Davis, or Elvis Presley,

whoever it was, if I was producing the record, the

record became my record.

And what you heard on the record was

what I wanted to hear.

TRAVIS WAMMACK: Back then, we were an exclusive for Fame.

And we were punching the clock from 9:00 to

I think 5:00 everyday.

And you had to be busy.

You had to be writing or doing something, you know.

IAN SVENONIUS: The Fame Rhythm Section moved over to Muscle

Shoals, started their own thing.

Did you see that as like a threat to what you were doing

or were you excited that this was becoming, like, growth of

a new music center?

RICK HALL: Well, I was certainly proud of the fact

that I felt like a teacher of a bunch of guys

that were making it.

And I was dumb enough not to know that they were to almost

put me out of business.

DAVID HOOD: The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section were the rhythm

section at Fame before we left and started Muscle Shoals

Sound Studios.

And so when we left, Rick was a little pissed off at us for

leaving him.

But he went right ahead and cut hit records without us.

RICK HALL: They was so good at what they had done, and they

had learned so well that they were kicking my ass.

DAVID HOOD: When Rick started having his success as a

result, me, guys I work with, all of the sudden people

thought that we were experts almost.

And so you think, well, maybe I am.

DONNIE FRITZ: Well, just one thing led to another.

And it just build up to what it became.

But it was those early days of young people learning as we

went along, you know.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

JAMIE BARRIER: The Fame, like, Ben Tanner

used to work in there.

And he let us come in at night.

And we wrote songs and we had killer microphones.

It recorded it perfect.

If I go to my brother's house, this real sassy record player,

you can, like, hear the earth being ripped apart, you know?

It's was just, like, I thought it was awesome.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

JAMIE BARRIER: Florence, Alabama is so--

it's such a corpse.

It's real easy to kick it.

Here it's a wasteland of abandoned massive buildings.

The potential, if you want to do it, is, like, unlimited.

It's just a matter of, well, I'd rather sit

on the couch tonight.

And, like, watch television or getting up and

doing it, you know.

That's like your main battle.

It's hard to make a living off of art anywhere in any town--

anywhere.

I worked at Subway for seven years.

I'm, like, I put this many hours into this job and do it

for myself I can make ends meet.

Yeah, this is the Black Owl Trading Company

in Florence, Alabama.

I mean, we record bands.

We have touring bands.

And we do screen printing in there.

And that's the printing wheel.

And this is our old heat machine.

I listen to reggae records all day long and screen print.

It's pretty cool.

It's been good.

We used to get a lot of harassment from the police.

But we quit having a lot of the high school bands play,

which sucks.

But most of those bands were, like, hardcore or metal.

Like, we weren't into the music.

But we would do it just to, like, just to give them the

place to play.

The way I learned to do music is like the DC discord style.

Putting out your own record, record it yourself for cheap,

put out a zine, load up the van.

I absolutely love that.

You know what I mean?

If that's what making it is, that's what I want.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

DOC DAILEY: And there's a lot of the older guys that'll tell

you a lot of good stories.

That's for sure.

But I think the industry has just changed so much that

right now it's the wild west as far as I can tell.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

JD MCCORKLE: In Florence there's not really, like, a

music venue.

There's bars and they have, like, a PA system set up.

A big hold back is a law called 49/51.

You can't have more revenue coming in from alcohol than

you do food.

It has to be in a 49-51% ratio.

JAMIE BARRIER: I'm like the only guy that, I don't care

about that law.

All you got to do is clear furniture out of the room.

You know what I'm saying?

The lousiest nights I ever have are in bars anyway.

That's just me.

The best times I have are, like, in those weird kind of

shows in the laundry room.

IAN SVENONIUS: So yeah, what's it like being in a group here?

DOC DAILEY: Travel a lot if you want to