Welcome to Watchmojo.com,

歡迎來到Watchmojo.com

and today we'll be taking a look at the life and accomplishments of Nelson Mandela.

今天我們將回顧尼爾森‧曼德拉的一生及其成就

Born July 18th, 1918 in a South African village,

1918年7月18日出生於南非的村莊，

Nelson Mandela was first in his family to attend school.

尼爾森‧曼德拉是家中第一個入學就讀的成員

A talented student who showed rebellious tendencies early on,

這名才華洋溢的學生在早期及顯現出叛逆傾向

he was expelled from university for his involvement in a boycott against the institution.

他因參與反校規活動而遭大學勒令退學

It was expected Mandela would become chief of his tribe like his father,

曼德拉原本有望像他父親一樣成為族長，

but instead he chose to study law.

但他卻選擇研讀法律

It is absolutely important that you have the knowledge to serve your country and your people.

擁有知識去服務你的國家和人民是絕對重要的

By 1944, Mandela joined the African National Congress, or ANC.

1944年，曼德拉加入非洲人國民代表大會(ANC)

This left-wing political party wished to give equal rights and freedoms to the entire country.

這個左翼政黨希望讓整個國家擁有平等的權力與自由

Within the party, Mandela was part of a group that formed the ANC Youth League,

在這個政黨中，曼德拉是成立ANC青年聯盟的組織成員之一，

and this offshoot used grassroots methods to get their point across,

這個分支團體運用草根方式來傳遞訴求，

including boycotts, strikes and general civil disobedience.

包括聯合抵制、罷工以及群體不合作運動

At the task of the ANC was to unite the African people and help them build a nation

ANC的任務是要團結非洲人民並協助他們建立國家

In 1948, the National Party was elected to government,

1948年，國民黨被選為執政黨，

and following that, it instituted a legal system of racial segregation called Apartheid.

該黨上任後成立了種族隔離制度，稱為Apartheid(南非語)

Meanwhile, Mandela and the ANCYL continued their non-violent protests against racist policies.

同時，曼德拉及ANC青年聯盟持續進行非暴力抗議活動，反對種族政策

For example, Mandela was instrumental in 1952’s Defiance Campaign,

例如1952年的反抗運動

as well as 1955’s Congress of the People.

以及1955年的人民大會，曼德拉皆為其中重要角色

He also served as a lawyer for mistreated black South Africans

他同時也為受虐的南非黑人擔任辯護律師，

by opening the country’s first black law practice.

開啟國內黑人法律訴訟的首例

Mandela was quickly becoming an enemy of the government,

曼德拉很快成為政府的敵人

and he was targeted whenever possible.

政府以各種名目將他視為箭靶

At the end of 1956, Mandela and a group of about 150 protesters

1956年底，曼德拉和其他約150名抗議群眾

were arrested on the suspicion of treason because of their advocacy.

因其主張被控有叛國嫌疑，而遭到逮捕

After a long trial, the group was acquitted.

經過一長串的審判，他們才得以無罪釋放

It was around this time that a group of militant Africans began suggesting

也就是大約在這時，一群非洲人激進份子開始主張

that the peaceful approach was not working.

認為和平方式無法奏效

This group formed the Pan-Africanist Congress in 1959.

這群人士在1959年成立泛非大會

Soon after, Mandela changed his position

不久之後，曼德拉改變立場

and proposed that armed conflict was the only way to end Apartheid rule.

他提出武裝衝突才是終結種族隔離政策的唯一方法

He helped found a military offshoot of the ANC called Umkhonto we Sizwe,

他協助成立了一個ANC分支的軍事組織，稱為「民族之矛」，

and this group specialized in sabotage and guerrilla warfare.

這個組織擅長破壞及游擊戰爭

Not long after, on August 5th, 1962, Mandela was arrested for a strike

不久後，在1962年8月5日，

he had organized the previous year.

曼德拉因其在前一年所組織的罷工運動而遭逮捕

He was sentenced to five years in prison;

他被判5年有期徒刑

however he ended up spending his next 27 years in jail.

然而，他最後卻在監獄裡度過了接下來的27年

While serving his five-year sentence,

在他5年的服刑期間，

Mandela was also charged with sabotage,

曼德拉又在惡名昭彰的利沃尼亞審判中，被控蓄意破壞、

treason, and violent conspiracy during the infamous Rivonia Trial.

叛國以及暴力反叛等罪名

He was sentenced to life in prison, and barely escaped the death penalty.

他被判終身監禁，差點難逃死刑

Mandela’s first years were spent in a prison on Robben Island,

曼德拉前幾年在羅本島上的監獄服刑，

but he was transferred in 1982.

但他在1982年移監至他處

He was treated poorly as a black prisoner;

他因身為黑人受刑人而遭到極差的待遇，

however he did manage to earn a Bachelor of Laws degree

然而他仍設法透過函授課程

through a correspondence program.

取得法律學士學位

During this time, Mandela’s profile grew

在這段期間，曼德拉的名聲漸漲

and he became an international symbol of anti-apartheid resistance.

他成為反種族隔離的國際指標人物

On more than one occasion,

不只一次，

the government offered Mandela his freedom

政府提出釋放曼德拉

in exchange for the abandonment of his beliefs.

但要求他放棄信念作為交換

Each time, he refused.

每一次，他都拒絕了

After much negotiation,

在多次協商後，

Mandela was finally released on February 11th, 1990

曼德拉終於在1990年2月11日被國家的新總統釋放，

at the age of 72 by the country’s new president.

當時他已72歲

I wish to put it plainly that the government has taken a firm decision to release Mr. Mandela unconditionally.

我在此明確宣布，政府果斷決定無條件釋放曼德拉先生

Mandela then became president of the African National Congress,

接著，曼德拉成為非洲人國民代表大會的首長，

and helped negotiate the end of apartheid laws.

並幫助協商終結種族隔離政策

On June 17th, 1991,

1991年6月17日，

the Population Registration Act was repealed,

人口登記法廢除，

which meant that racial groups were no longer legally separated.

代表種族族群在法律上不再受到區分

This marked the beginning of the end of apartheid rule in South Africa.

此為南非種族隔離政策終結的開端

The country held its first democratic elections on April 27th, 1994,

1994年4月27日，國家進行第一次民主選舉，

with the ANC taking 62 per cent of the vote.

ANC獲得62%的投票率

On May 10th, 1994

1994年5月10日，

Nelson Mandela was sworn in as the first black president of South Africa.

尼爾森‧曼德拉宣誓就職，成為南非首位黑人總統

He spent his term rebuilding the economy and uniting the country.

他在位期間重建經濟並團結國家

He even used the country’s National Rugby team as a rallying point for all citizens,

他甚至以國家橄欖球隊號召全體國民，

and as a way to bring the country onto the world stage in a positive light.

並以此方式將國家搬上國際舞台，打造正面形象

When his term ended in 1999,

他的任期於1999年屆滿，

Mandela retired from active politics.

曼德拉由積極的政治活動中退休

Despite leaving public life in 2004,

儘管他在2004年就淡出公眾生活，

Mandela convened a group of world leaders called “The Elders” in 2007.

曼德拉仍集結世界領袖，在2007年成立「長者」組織

With figures like Desmond Tutu, Jimmy Carter and Kofi Annan,

成員包括德斯蒙德·圖圖、吉米·卡特，以及科菲·安南，

the group aimed to resolve world problems like poverty, AIDS and climate change.

這個組織的目標是解決貧窮、愛滋及氣候變遷等世界問題

Among his many honors,

他的一生獲得眾多榮耀，

he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.

並於1993年獲得諾貝爾和平獎

Even after leaving public life,

即使離開了公眾生活，

Nelson Mandela is one man who continued his lifelong crusade for a better world.

尼爾森‧曼德拉仍是那位用盡一生投入改革、改善世界的人權鬥士