this lesson, we're going to look at all the various functions that a gerund can have in

這節課，我們將看一看所有的各種功能，一個連詞可以在

a sentence. So before we begin that, we should understand what a gerund is and how a gerund

一個句子。所以，在開始之前，我們應該先了解什麼是狀語，以及狀語是怎樣的

is formed. If you look at the title, you can see that a gerund is basically a verb plus

是形成的。看題目就知道，狀語基本上是動詞加

"ing". So, what is it? Is it a verb? Is it a noun? Well, it's actually a verbal noun

"ing"。那麼，它是什麼呢？它是一個動詞嗎？是名詞嗎？嗯，它實際上是一個動詞名詞。

which means that while it looks like a verb - like for example: in the first sentence

這意味著，雖然它看起來像一個動詞--例如：在第一句話中的

we have: "running" -, it can perform the same functions as a noun. So think of it as a verbal

我們有："running"-，它可以實現與名詞相同的功能。所以把它看成是一個動詞

noun, leaning more towards the noun part. Okay? So let's look at the six ways that we

名詞，更傾向於名詞部分。好嗎？那麼，讓我們'看一下我們的六種方式吧

can use a gerund. The top one says:

可以用狀語。上的說。

"Running is good for your heart." Now, as we've identified, "running" is the gerund.

"跑步對你的心臟有好處."現在，正如我們'已經確定的那樣，"跑步"是動詞。

And in this situation, "running" is clearly the subject of the sentence. Right? So a gerund

而在這種情況下，"跑步"顯然是句子的主語。對吧？所以，一個動詞

can be the subject of a sentence. Just like a noun. Right? So "running", "running" is

可以做句子的主語。就像一個名詞。對不對？所以"running"，"running"就是

what you're talking about; the activity of running. You follow it with a verb: "is",

你在說什麼'；跑步的活動。你用動詞跟在後面："是"。

"good for your heart". Okay? So in the second one we say:

對你的心臟有好處"。好嗎？所以在第二條我們說。

"He hates waking up early." Now, what is the gerund? The gerund is "waking", it's actually

"他討厭早起."現在，什麼是狀元詞？gerund是"waking"，它實際上是"waking"。

a complete thought here: "waking up". In which position of the sentence is the gerund in

這裡有一個完整的思路："醒悟"。句子中的動詞在哪個位置上是

this sentence? So we have "he" which is the subject, we have "hates" which is the verb,

這句話？所以我們有"he"是主語，我們有"hates"是動詞。

and then he has to hate something. Right? So, in this situation, what he hates is the

然後，他必須恨的東西。對吧？ 所以，在這種情況下，他恨的是所以，在這種情況下，他恨的是什麼？

object, just like a noun; it can be "pizza" or anything else here. Think of it as a noun.

對象，就像名詞一樣；它可以是"pizza"，也可以是這裡的任何其他東西。把它當作一個名詞。

Okay, number three: "What I hate most is repeating myself." So

好吧，第三條："我最討厭的是重複自己的工作"所以。

what is the subject of this sentence? Is it: "What I", is it: "What I hate", "What I hate

這句話的主語是什麼？是："What I"，是："What I hate"，"What I hate

most", "What I hate most is"? Well, the complete subject is: "What I hate most" and "is", and

最"，"我最討厭的是"？好了，完整的主題是："我最討厭的是"，"是"，以及。

we have the gerund here: "repeating myself", so saying the same thing again and again.

我們這裡有動詞："重複我自己"，所以一而再再而三地說同樣的話。

Now, in this situation, the gerund is not actually an object because the subject is

現在，在這種情況下，動名詞實際上不是一個對象，因為主語是

not doing anything to the gerund. You're just giving more information about the subject.

不做任何事情的動詞。你'只是提供了更多關於主題的資訊。

So: "What I hate most" and then you're actually telling me what you hate most; you're giving

所以："我最討厭的是什麼"然後你'其實是在告訴我你最討厭的是什麼；你'在給。

more information about it. So what you're doing is providing a subject complement. Okay?

更多關於它的資訊。所以你'做的是提供一個主題補充。好嗎？

Okay. Now, the next one:

好了，現在，下一個：現在，下一個。

"I saw Jim riding his bike." So you're probably getting the idea of a pattern developing here.

"我看到吉姆騎著他的自行車."所以你'可能會得到一個模式發展的想法在這裡。

First, let's identify the gerund. The gerund is: "riding". Okay, now let's look at the

首先，我們來確定一下動詞。這個動詞是："騎馬"。好了，現在讓我們來看看。

sentence. We have "I" which is the subject, "saw" -- the verb, "Jim". "I saw Jim", okay,

句子：我們有"I&quot；這是主語，"saw&quot；--動詞，"Jim&quot；"I saw Jim&quot。我們有"I"是主語，"saw"--動詞，"Jim"。"I saw Jim"，好的。

"Jim" is the object. Okay, now you're giving more information about Jim's actions here

"吉姆"是對象。好了，現在你在這裡提供更多關於吉姆行動的資訊

though. "I saw Jim": what was he doing? He was: "riding his bike". So in this situation,

不過."我看見吉姆"：他在做什麼？他在："騎自行車"。所以在這種情況下。

the gerund is giving more information about the object's action. So in this situation

的動詞提供了更多關於對象'動作的資訊。所以在這種情況下

it's an object complement. Okay? Sorry for my writing there.

它是一個對象的補充。好嗎？對不起，我的寫作有。

And number five - a very, very common way to use gerunds and a very important rule,

第五條--這是一個非常非常常見的使用狀語的方法，也是一個非常重要的規則。

especially for intermediate and advanced speakers: "I'm interested in improving myself." In getting

特別是對於中高級演講者："I'm感興趣的是提高自己."在得到。

better. So we have: "improving" as the gerund. Now, why are we using the gerund? Why can't

更好。所以我們有："改善"作為狀語。現在，我們為什麼要用狀語？為什麼不能

we say: "I am interested in improve" or: "I am interested in to improve"? Well, any time

我們說："I am interested in improve"或："I am interested in to improve"？那麼，任何時候

you have a preposition - and normally we have lots and lots of adjective and proposition

你有一個介詞 - 通常我們有很多很多的形容詞和命題。

combinations - after the preposition, always use a gerund. So a gerund can be the object

組合--在介詞之後，一定要用狀語。所以，狀語可以是賓語

of a preposition. Now, more examples of this are: "I am excited about doing something.",

的介詞。現在，更多的例子是："I am excited about doing something."。

"I am used to doing something." Okay? So it can be the object of a preposition.

"我習慣於做某件事."好嗎？所以可以做介詞的賓語。

And finally, this is a rule which is often forgotten and you can actually check out a

最後，這是一個經常被遺忘的規則，其實你可以看看一個

deeper explanation of it on www.engvid.com: "She doesn't like your bossing her around."

更深層次的解釋在www.engvid.com："她不'不喜歡你對她指手畫腳&quot。

So we have "bossing", this means telling a person what to do. Okay? So: "She doesn't

所以我們有"bossing"，這意味著告訴一個人該怎麼做。好嗎？所以："她不'。

like your bossing her around." Here we're using "your", we're using a possessive. So

就像你對她頤指氣使一樣."這裡我們用的是"你的"，我們用的是佔有式。所以

in this situation, a gerund is actually the object of a possessive pronoun. Okay? So it

在這種情況下，gerund實際上是一個佔有式代詞的對象。好嗎？所以它

can be the object of a possessive. There we go.

可以是佔有式的對象。我們去那裡。

So, as you can see, there are numerous ways that we can use a gerund. It's not just a

所以，正如你所看到的，我們可以使用狀語詞的方式有很多。它不僅僅是一個

simple type of word with only one function; it has a variety of functions in a variety

簡單的詞類，只有一種功能；它的功能多種多樣，在各種

of ways we can use it in different parts of a sentence.

的方式，我們可以在句子的不同部分使用它。

Now, do not confuse, never confuse a gerund with a continuous verb. So if I say: "She

現在，不要混淆，千萬不要把狀語和連續動詞混淆。所以，如果我說："She

is running." Okay, I am describing her action in the moment. "Running" is not a gerund.

is running."好吧，我是在描述她當下的行動，"Running"不是動詞。

"Running" is a continuous verb in this situation. Okay? So that is really the most common confusion.

在這種情況下，"Running"是一個連續動詞。好嗎？所以這確實是最常見的困惑。

Don't confuse a gerund for a continuous verb. Remember: it's a verbal noun. It can perform

不要把狀語詞和連續動詞混為一談。記住：它'是一個動詞名詞。它可以執行

the same functions as any noun like: "pizza", "table", "car", etc.

和任何名詞的功能一樣，如："pizza"、"table"、"car"等。

So once more: a gerund can be the subject of a sentence. For example: "Smoking is bad

所以再一次強調：狀語可以作為句子的主語。例如："吸菸是不好的

for you." "Smoking" is the subject. It can be the object of the sentence like we have

for you.""Smoking"是主語。它可以是句子的賓語，像我們有

here: "He hates..." what does he hate? "Waking up early." It can be a subject complement.

這裡："他討厭......"他討厭什麼呢"早起"可以做主語補充。

"What I hate most is repeating myself." Another example of this might be: "My favourite activity

"我最討厭的是重複自己."另一個例子可能是："我最喜歡的活動。

is hiking", for example. "I saw Jim riding his bike." Object complement. "I'm interested

is hiking", for example."I saw Jim riding his bike." Object complement."I'm interested.

in improving myself." So it can be the object of a preposition. Right? So any time you have

in improving myself."所以它可以做介詞的賓語。對不對？所以任何時候你有

a preposition like: "in", "at", "on", "by", "against", "with". Okay? "ing", "ing", "ing".

一個介詞，如："在"，"在"，"在"上"，"由"，"反對"，"與"。好嗎"ing"，"ing"，"ing"。

And finally, it can be the object of a possessive. So: "She doesn't like your bossing her around."

最後，它可以是佔有式的對象。所以："她不喜歡你對她指手畫腳&quot。

Or this can even be something simple like: "I don't like her cooking." Okay? So you're

或者這甚至可以是一些簡單的東西，如："我不'不喜歡她的烹飪."好嗎？所以你'是

not describing her activity, you're describing the thing, her cooking. Or I can say: "Your

不是描述她的活動，你'描述的東西，她的烹飪。或者我可以說："你的。

speaking", or: "Your listening", "Your writing needs to improve."

speaking"，或："你的聽力"，"你的寫作需要改進&quot。

Okay guys, to test your understanding of this knowledge, as always, you can check out the

好了小夥伴們，為了檢驗你對這些知識的理解，一如既往的，你可以查看一下。

quiz on www.engvid.com. Take care, and good luck. And don't forget to subscribe to my

測驗www.engvid.com。保重，祝你好運。不要忘了訂閱我的博客。

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