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  • This is the deadliest animal in the world.

    這是世上最致命的動物。

  • Mosquitoes kill hundreds of thousands of people each year, the most vulnerable people: children, pregnant women

    蚊子每年使數千人死去,最脆弱的人們:孩子、孕婦等...

  • No other bite kills more humansor makes more of us sick.

    蚊子的叮,使得無數人類死去或生病。

  • [Anopheles gambiae, Malaria] [Andes aegypti, Zika, dengue fever, chikungunya] [Culex pipiens, West Nile Virus disease]

    [瘧蚊,瘧疾] [埃及斑蚊,茲卡病毒、登革熱、屈公病] [尖音家蚊,西尼羅熱病]

  • So what makes a mosquito's bite so effective?

    究竟是什麼讓蚊子叮那麼厲害?

  • For starters, they're motivated.

    首先,它們有動力驅使。

  • Only females bite ushey need blood to make eggs.

    只有母蚊會叮人,它們需要血液來產卵。

  • And a pool of water for their babies to hatch in.

    加上一池水讓卵能夠孵化。

  • Even a piece of trash can hold enough.

    就算是垃圾裡的積水也可以。

  • At first glance, it looks simple: this mosquito digging her proboscis into us.

    乍看之下,感覺很簡單,蚊子把口器刺進我們體中內。

  • But the tools she's using here are sophisticated.

    但它用的工具可是相當成熟。

  • First, a protective sheath retractssee it bending back?

    首先,它們有一個會收縮的保護鞘,看到它向後彎了嗎?

  • If you look at a mosquito's head under a microscope, you can see what that sheath protects.

    如果用顯微鏡觀察蚊子的頭部,你就會看到那個鞘是在保護什麼。

  • And inside there are six needles.

    而裡頭有六根針!

  • Two of them have tiny teeth.

    其中兩根有小鋸齒。

  • She uses those to saw through the skin.

    母蚊用它們來鋸開我們的皮膚。

  • They're so sharp you can barely feel her pushing.

    它們非常銳利,銳利到你可能都感覺不到。

  • These other two needles hold the tissues apart while she works.

    這兩根針則是會撐開組織,讓母蚊能做事。

  • From under the skin, you can see her probing, looking for a blood vessel.

    從皮膚底下觀察,你可以看到她正在四處探尋,尋找血管。

  • Receptors on the tip of one of her other needles pick up on chemicals that our blood vessels exude naturally and guide her to it.

    在其中一支針的針頭有受器,會接收人體血管所自然散發的化學物質,並引導母蚊至血管處。

  • Then she uses this same needle like a straw.

    然後母蚊再把它當成吸管來吸血。

  • As her gut fills up, she separates water from the blood and squeezes it out.

    當她身體裝滿了,她就會把水分與血液分開,並把它排出。

  • See that drop?

    看到了嗎?

  • That frees up space to stuff herself with more nutritious red blood cells.

    這能讓母蚊騰出更多空間給營養的紅血球。

  • With another needle, she spits chemicals into us.

    另一根針讓它能向我們注射化學物質。

  • They get our blood flowing more easily, and give us itchy welts afterwards.

    這會讓我們的血液更容易流動,並在之後留下會癢的腫包。

  • And sometimes, before she pries herself away, she leaves a parting gift in her saliva.

    而有時,在母蚊偷偷離開之前,她會在口水裡留下一個離別禮物給我們。

  • A virus or a parasite that can sicken or kill us.

    那就是病毒或寄生蟲,會讓我們生病甚至死亡。

  • There's nothing in it for her.

    這對母蚊沒什麼好處。

  • The viruses and parasites are just hitching a ride.

    病毒與寄生蟲只是搭便車而已。

  • But this is what makes mortal enemies out of us and mosquitoes.

    但這就是人類和蚊子成為宿敵的原因。

  • They take our blood.

    它們奪走我們的血。

  • Sometimes we take theirs, but often, not soon enough.

    有時我們奪走它們的,但常常,我們的動作還是不夠快。

  • Goodyou're still there!

    很好,你還在。

  • These are the larvae of Culex pipiens, a.k.a. the common house mosquito here in California.

    這是尖音家蚊的幼蟲,也就是加州最常見的家蚊。

  • Gross, right? Well, you can avoid them by emptying your rain gutters.

    很噁吧?如果不想看到,就記得定時清理排水溝。

  • Pet water dishes too.

    寵物的水盆也是。

  • While you're at it, subscribe!

    去做這些事之前,記得訂閱!

  • We have so many more science videos coming your way. See you next time!

    我們還有更多科學相關的影片,下次見囉!

This is the deadliest animal in the world.

這是世上最致命的動物。

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