Name: 【TED-Ed】原子粉碎粒子加速器是如何工作的？- 唐-林肯 (【TED-Ed】How does an atom-smashing particle accelerator work? - Don Lincoln)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:46:46.000Z
Duration: 3 min 36 s

One of the grandest scientific tools ever made by mankind

基礎被動語態

情態副詞

也就是「大型強子撞擊機」 或稱 LHC

is a ring with a circumference of about 18 miles.

是一個周長約 18 英里的環形建築

That's more than the entire length of Manhattan.

It is a device that collides atomic nuclei together

The most powerful one scientists have ever built

而科學家曾建過 最具能量的一個

can heat matter to the hottest temperatures ever achieved,

可以將物質加熱到 前所未有的溫度

temperatures last seen at a trillionth of  second

這溫度最後一次出現是在 宇宙誕生後的

Our accelerators are full of engineering superlatives.

我們的加速器有著 許多工程上的「最」

The beam-containing region of the LHC is a vacuum,

壓力比國際太空站 周圍的氣壓還小

and is 456 degrees Fahrenheit below zero,

而且是華氏零下 456 度 （譯註：約攝氏零下 271 度）

colder than the temperature of deepest space.

A previous accelerator sitting in the LHC tunnel

而在 LHC 通道中的 前一個加速器

accelerating an electron to a speed so fast

that if it were to race a photon of light,

it would take about 14 minutes for the photon

remember the photon is fastest thing in the universe,

So how do these subatomic particle accelerators work?

所以這些次原子的粒子加速器是如何運作的？ （譯註：次原子的是指比原子小或原子內部的）

Electric fields make charged particles move in the same way

that gravity will pull a dropped baseball.

until the charged particle is moving incredibly fast.

直到帶電粒子到了 不能置信的速度

A simple particle accelerator can be made

by hooking two parallel metal plates to a battery.

兩塊金屬板和一顆電池相連結 來製做

and makes an electric field that pulls the particle along.

The problem is that an accelerator built this way is very weak.

問題是這樣的加速器 效能是不強的

Building a modern accelerator like the LHC this way

would take over five trillion standard D-cell batteries.

So scientists use much stronger batteries

所以科學家們使用了更強的電池

一個較早的加速器 就使用這個方法

and was equivalent to 30 billion batteries.

that is equivalent to five trillion batteries

would require an accelerator 150 miles long.

While electric fields would make a particle go faster,

magnetic fields make them move in a circular path.

磁場也引導它們 繞行在圓形的軌道上

If you put an electric field along the circle,

you don't need to use miles of electric fields,

你就不須要用到 好幾英里長的電場

you can use a single electric field over and over again.

而可以重覆使用同一個電場許多次

So very high-energy accelerators consist of

a short region with accelerating electric fields,

以及一連串 引導粒子轉彎的磁鐵

determines the maximum energy of the beam.

物理學家想要讓粒子 如此高速移動的原因

is so that they can slam them into one another.

是因為他們可以讓粒子互相碰撞

about the fundamental rules that govern matter,

but they'd be impossible without the feat of engineering

但如果沒有工程學上的豐功偉業， 也就是粒子加速器