While the Apollo missions only involved short stays on the moon, SpaceX aims to make Mars a permanent home for humans.

阿波羅計畫只涉及在月球上短期居留，不過 SpaceX 打算將火星變成人類的永久居住地。

For the first group of astronauts heading to Mars, the journey is expected to take around five months.

第一批前往火星的太空人，航程預計是 5 個月左右。

But what will they do when they get there?

但是當他們到了那裡之後要做什麼呢？

In this video, we're going to look at what needs to be achieved before we can send humans to Mars.

這部影片將帶我們了解，在把人類送往火星前有哪些事需要達成。

We're also going to look at the initial structures and systems that astronauts will set up in order to begin colonizing Mars.

我們也將了解太空人會設立哪些初始的結構和系統以展開火星殖民。

Before the first astronauts ever set foot on the surface of Mars, they will need to have the essentials like water and power already set up before they get there.

在第一個太空人踏上火星表面之前，他們會需要在抵達前就已設置好的必需品，像是水和電力。

SpaceX plans to achieve this in 2022 by sending two BFR's on uncrewed missions, carrying important equipment such as: a large array of solar panels and a mining system.

SpaceX 計畫在 2022 之前達成這個目標，他們將發射兩架大獵鷹火箭，執行無人計畫，帶著重要的設備，像是一大批太陽能板和一套開採系統。

This mining system will be the basis of SpaceX's automated propellant plant, which they aim to expand with every new mission that heads to Mars.

這套開採系統將成為 SpaceX 自動化推進劑工廠的基礎，他們預計隨著每一次前往火星的新任務擴展其規模。

This propellant plant will process the large supplies of CO2 and water found on Mars by using the Sabatier process to make Oxygen and Methane, which will then be liquefied and used as fuel to return the astronauts back to Earth.

這個推進劑工廠將處理在火星上取得的大量二氧化碳及水資源，利用沙巴提耶反應製造氧氣和甲烷，將它們液化後作為太空人返回地球的燃料。

If this mission is successful in setting up the foundations for a Mars colony, SpaceX will be on course for sending the first humans to Mars in 2024.

如果在火星殖民地上建立基礎設施的任務成功了，SpaceX 就可能如期在 2024 年將第一批人類送上火星。

This mission will consist of two cargo ships and two crewed ships, carrying around six to eight astronauts each.

這個任務會包含 2 架運貨火箭和 2 架分別乘坐 6 到 8 名太空人的乘員火箭。

The astronauts could be staying on Mars anywhere between a few months or a couple of years while they continue to set up the propellant plant.

這些太空人有可能在火星上停留數月到數年不等，繼續設立推進劑工廠。

One of the most important things the astronauts will have to do when they arrive is set up a base.

太空人抵達後，其中一件最重要的事就是設立基地。

It's unclear what the first Martian base will look like, although many have suggested that it should have a similar design to the International Space Station, with compact pressurized modules, allowing room for expansion.

目前仍不清楚第一個火星基地會是什麼樣子，不過許多人推測它應該會與國際太空站的設計很相似。無數個緊密的加壓艙，為擴張保留空間。

Others have suggested that the initial base on Mars should be built underground, to protect the astronauts from the intense radiation and extreme weather experienced on Mars.

其他人則認為火星上最初的基地應該蓋在地底下，以保護太空人免於遭受火星上強烈輻射和極端天氣的侵襲。

It's possible that Elon Musk's Boring Company could be used to dig tunnels and create underground habitats for astronauts to live on Mars.

伊隆・馬斯克的 Boring 公司很有可能會用來挖地道並為火星上的太空人建立地下居住地。

Then there is the question of how astronauts will get their food.

接下來是太空人該如何取得食物的問題。

The first astronauts on Mars will take a two-year supply of vacuum sealed packets of food, which are light and compact, just like the ones used on the ISS.

上火星的第一批太空人將會帶上 2 年份輕巧的真空密封包裝食物，就如同 ISS (國際太空站) 上使用的。

The astronauts won't be relying on Mars grown food.

太空人不會依賴於在火星上栽培的食物。

However, it's likely that they will bring a greenhouse on their first mission to experiment with growing food and possibly supplementing their food with freshly grown produce.

不過他們很有可能會在第一次任務時帶上一個溫室，以嘗試種植作物並可能以新鮮作物補充糧食。

In order to navigate the surface of Mars, the astronauts will also need a vehicle that can deal with the roughest of terrains.

太空人也會需要一輛能夠克服最崎嶇地勢的交通工具，以在火星表面上移動。

NASA have been developing the "Space Exploration Vehicle” for this exact purpose.

正是為了這個目的，NASA (美國太空總署) 一直在開發「太空探索車」。

This is a pressurized vehicle which can support up to four astronauts for 72 hours.

這是一台能夠支撐 4 名太空人使用 72 小時的加壓車。

With multiple SEVs on the surface of Mars, it would allow astronauts to travel more than 125 miles in any direction.

有了數台 SEV 在火星表面上，就能夠讓太空人行駛超過方圓 125 英哩 (約 201.2 公里) 的範圍。

A major leap forward from the maximum six mile range that the lunar rover had on the moon.

與月球上最遠只能行駛 6 英哩的月球探測車相比，往前躍進了一大步。

So, as we get closer to seeing the first humans set foot on Mars, we can appreciate the enormous engineering challenges that need to be overcome before they get there.

所以，當我們離見證第一批人類踏上火星越來越近的時候，我們能夠欣賞在他們抵達前需要被克服的巨大工程挑戰。

If you enjoyed this video and would like to contribute to Primal Space, please visit Patreon dot com slash PrimalSpace, where we will be doing a giveaway of a Saturn V Lego set, once we reach 50 Patrons!

如果你喜歡這部影片，並且願意捐款給 Primal Space，請前往 Patreon.com/PrimalSpace。一旦達到 50 位贊助者，我們將送出農神 5 號的樂高組！

So make sure you're subscribed so you can join in the discussion as we continue to learn more about all things space.

所以別忘了訂閱，如此一來你才能加入我們的討論，繼續了解更多所有有關太空的事情。

Thank you very much for watching and I'll see you in the next video.

非常感謝你們的收看，我們下一部影片再見。