Hey, there, harmonically inclined homies, Trace here for DNews.

哈囉朋友們，我是 DNews 的 Trace。

We all know music has the power to alter behaviors, like when Queen Bey makes you dance or Adele helps you work through a difficult breakup.

我們都知道音樂能改變你的行為，像是 Queen Bey 能讓你起舞、Adele 能陪你度過分手的痛苦。

But music also helps us get through more mundane times, like the workday.

而音樂也陪伴我們度過單調的時光，例如上班日。

When I'm writing, I like to put on my headphones and pump up the jams like "Girl Talk" or the "National Treasure" soundtrack.

當我寫作時，我喜歡戴上耳機聽歌，例如 Girl Talk 或是 National Treasure 的原聲帶。

No judgement.

不要批評我。

And that may not be such a bad thing.

這不是件壞事。

A recent study in the "Journal of Organizational Behavior" took a close look at how music affects cooperation.

《組織行為學雜誌》最近研究了音樂對合作的影響。

Researchers put 78 college students into two groups: one exposed to happy music, and the other to unhappy music.

他們將 78 位大學生分成兩組，其中一組聽的是開心的音樂，另一組則聽些令人沮喪的音樂。

Now, before we go any further, we know "happy" is a pretty broad term,

在開始之前，我們知道「開心」這個詞很廣泛，

But according to these researchers, they decided to add "Yellow Submarine" by the Beatles, "Walking on Sunshine" by Katrina and the Waves, and, of course, the theme from the song "Happy Days" that was all "happy" music.

但這些研究家將 The Beatles 的 Yellow Submarine 和 Katrina 及 the Waves 的 Walking on Sunshine 加入歌單裡，當然還有電影《歡樂時光》的主題曲也在這開心音樂的歌單中。

And for unhappy music, they played songs from less familiar heavy metal bands.

至於不開心的音樂，他們選擇了一些比較不知名的重金屬樂團。

Songs like "Smokahontas" by Attack Attack! and "You Ain't No Family" by Iwrestledabearonce⏤cool band name, by the way.

像是 Attack Attack! 的 Smokahontas 以及 Iwrestledabearonce 的 You Ain't No Family（這樂團名字可真酷！）。

Alright, back to the study.

好，回歸正題。

Individuals had to decide how much money they wanted to put into a group pool and how much they wanted to keep for themselves.

每個人必須決定要拿多少錢給共同資金，和自己要留下多少。

To incentivize cooperation, money put into the pool would be multiplied one and a half times before being split evenly.

為了刺激合作，共同資金裡的錢會以一倍半計算，才會平均分配給每個人。

The results showed that contributions into the pool were about one-third higher with happy music than with unhappy music.

結果顯示聽了開心音樂的組別共同資金比聽了不開心音樂的高出三分之一。

And listening to music you like is not just good for group work.

而且聽些你喜歡的音樂不只對團隊合作有益。

A music therapy expert at the University of Miami conducted a study with 56 computer developers who were asked to keep a detailed music log.

邁阿密大學的一位音樂治療專家找來了 56 位電腦開發者寫下詳細的音樂日誌。

In the log, participants recorded how they felt before and after listening to music, how long they listened, and their musical selections.

這日誌中，他們需要紀錄聽音樂前後的感受，聽音樂的時間以及他們選擇的音樂類型。

The log was then compared to their overall quality of work.

接著這日誌會拿來跟他們整體的工作效率做比較。

The results showed that developers came up with better ideas, plus they worked better and faster with music on.

結果顯示他們在有音樂的狀況下會有更多想法，工作效率更高。

Without music, they had poorer work quality overall.

沒有音樂的話，整體的工作品質稍嫌低落。

So, music may make you more cooperative and increase your productivity, but there is also evidence that it can sometimes have a negative effect, depending on the task at hand of course.

雖然音樂能增讓團隊合作提升並增加生產力，仍然有證據顯示依據工作種類的不同，音樂會帶來一些負面影響。

One study at Florida Atlantic University observed 45 students to see how fast they wrote essays with or without music.

佛羅里達的大西洋大學觀察了 45 位學生在有音樂和沒有音樂的狀況下寫作文的速度。

The results showed that those who listened to music while writing wrote slower by an average of 60 words per hour, concluding that music may actually be distracting when doing something as cognitive as essay writing.

結果顯示那些邊聽邊寫的每小時平均慢了 60 個字，這可以得知在做一些像寫作這種認知作業時，音樂可能會讓人分心。

So when it comes to music in the workplace, remember that there are as many variables as there are different musical genres.

而在辦公室裡，記得就跟音樂種類一樣，變數很多。

Not only should you consider happy versus unhappy music -- whatever that may be for you -- but also consider what it is you actually do at work.

不只跟開心或不開心的音樂有關，不論你怎麼定義開心或不開心的音樂，也要考慮跟你的工作內容有關。

If you're going through a vacation's worth of junk email, go ahead and turn on those beats!

如果你正在處理一堆垃圾郵件，就打開音樂吧！

But if you're trying to meet a tight deadline on a quarterly report, silence just may be your best bet.

但若你正在趕一份季末報告，安靜的環境或許是你最好的選擇。

Understanding how music can affect you is not just good for getting work done, it's a profitable area of study.

理解音樂是如何影響你，不只對完成工作有幫助，對學習也有益。

Casinos also use music and different musical cues to keep you gambling and happy.

賭場也會利用音樂和音樂性的暗示讓你好賭且心情愉悅。

I learned that in "Casino Secrets" on DiscoveryGO.

我在 DiscoveryGO 的《賭場秘密》學到的。

DiscoveryGo lets you watch your favorite Discovery shows on your phone or tablet.

DiscoveryGo 能讓你在手機或筆電上收看你喜愛的 Discovery 節目。

Download it for free at your app store!

趕快去 app 商店免費下載！

So just because "Yellow Submarine" was classified as "happy" music by some researchers doesn't necessary mean it's good music... or does it?

單純因為某些研究家將 Yellow Submarine 視為「開心的」音樂，不代表這是首好歌...還是它其實是首好歌？

Is there a formula for good music?

好聽的音樂背後有什麼公式嗎？

Jules talks more about it here.

主持人 Jules 會在這影片中談論。

Notes a fifth apart like C to G create a nice repeating pattern, and we call this consonance, but lower that G just a half step to F#, and suddenly the wave form pattern goes crazy, dodging, dipping, diving, ducking and dodging, and this is called dissonance.

音符在相距五分之一的距離，例如 C 到 G，創建了一個很好的重複模式，我們稱此為諧音，但將 G 降低半調到 F＃的時候，突然波形會變得瘋狂，避開、浸入、跳水、躲避和避開，這稱為不和諧。

What do you guys listen to when you want to get ish done?

你做事時喜歡聽什麼音樂呢？

Seriously, I am standing by this "National Treasure" Soundtrack.

我認真覺得 National Treasure 的原聲帶很棒。

It's amazing for my brain…

他們對我的腦袋有相當驚人的影響。

I mean I can't do a Nick Cage impression, but if I could I would.

我沒有辦法做一個尼可拉斯凱吉的模仿，但如果有辦法我會做的。