Hello everyone. Today I will tell you about the most active and unusual metal on earth: Cesium.

大家好。今天我將介紹地球上最活躍和最特殊的金屬：銫。

Cesium is an active alkaline metal, which is located near the bottom of the periodic table of chemical elements

銫是一種活性鹼金屬，位於化學元素週期表的底部

only Francium(Fr) can be more active than Cesium(Cs).

只有鈁(Fr)比銫(Cs)更活躍。

but that metal is radioactive and an un insignificant amount of it

但是鈁(Fr)是放射性的，並且它的數量極少

was obtained in its pure form to do any experiments with it.

很難使用純鈁(Fr)進行任何實驗。

because of its high activity, metallic Cesium is being stored in special ampules

由於其活性高，銫金屬被保存在特殊的安瓿中

and inert atmosphere of either Argon or Hydrogen.

保存於惰性氣體，氬氣或氫氣中。

Appearance wise, Cesium has a yellowish tint like gold.

外觀上來說，銫具有黃金般的黃色色調。

but the price for Cesium is still higher than Gold

但銫的價格高於黃金

due to its extremely small sales market and its highest activity,

由於銷售市場極小和其高流動率，

price of Cesium can reach over €100 per gram.

銫的價格可以達到每克100歐元以上。

The vial, you should see on the screen, is 50 grams of cesium.

你在影片中看到的這一小瓶是50克的銫。

Just imagine it's cost.

想像一下它的成本

Cesium is unusual, that it has a very low melting point，only 29℃.

銫很特殊，它的熔點非常低，僅有29℃

If you take a vial of Cesium in hand,

如果你中手握著一小瓶銫

you can see how quickly the metal begins to melt.

你可以看到金屬開始融化的速度有多快

Even while Cesium is still in the vial, we can already conduct experiment with it.

即使銫還在小瓶中，我們已經可以開始進行實驗。

If you leave the liquid Cesium, in a vial for some time,

如果你將液態銫留在小瓶中一段時間，

it partially hardens, forming very beautiful crystals of pure Cesium

它會有部分硬化，形成非常漂亮的純銫晶體

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此外，由於銫開始凝固，其體積正顯著的減少

Also, due to Cesium's solidification, its volume is being significantly reduced

可以透過安瓿內固化中的銫 所產生的漏斗形狀清楚的觀察到。

as can be clearly seen with a funnel formed from solidified Cesium in the ampule.

現在，讓我們進入最有趣的部分：用銫進行實驗。

Now, lets proceed to the most interesting part: conducting experiments with Cesium.

首先，為了將銫從小瓶中取出，我決定將銫先融化在小瓶中

Firstly, to get the Cesium out of the vial, I decided to melt it in the vial

然後將液態銫倒入煤油中。

and then pour out the liquid Cesium in kerosene.

然而，某步驟出了問題。

However, something went wrong during that part.

液態銫立即在空氣中點燃，燃燒周圍的一切

【cracking and screaming】

這種情況很有可能是因為小瓶中的銫是液態

The liquid Cesium instantly ignited in air, burning everything around it.

在使用槌子破壞時，安瓿的頂部脫落，銫倒在桌子上。

That happened most likely due to the fact that the Cesium in the vial was liquid

您可以看到接下來發生的事，桌子已經無法在使用了。

after the hammer happened, the top of the vial broke off, pouring Cesium onto the table.

但是沒關係，我們還有更多的桌子

You can see what happens next, the table is now out of use.

為了更進一步的實驗，我們需要在購買一瓶銫。

But that's okay, we still have more tables.

現在我決定採取不同的做法：以固體銫性態時打破安瓿的末端，然後在煤油中加熱

For further experiments, we get to buy another vial of Cesium.

這一切都很順利，液體銫逐漸開始從小瓶流入煤油。

Now I decided to do things differently: break the end of ampule with solid Cesium and then heat in kerosene

接觸煤油後銫立即失去其金色光澤，並覆蓋上一層氧化物和過氧化物。

This all turned out well, gradually the liquid Cesium began to flow from the vial into the kerosene.

由於煤油中雜質 水和氧氣。

After reach it immediately lost its golden shine and get covered with a layer of oxides and peroxides.

我決定把還殘留液態銫的安瓿 丟到潮濕的牆上銷毀。

Due to the impurity of water and oxygen in kerosene, I have decided to destroy

固化後，即使用刮刀，也可以輕鬆地將銫切割。

the vial with the remains of liquid Cesium by throwing it onto a wet wall.

它不僅是最活躍的，也是世界上最柔軟的金屬。

【Explosion】

它的柔軟度類似於奶油。

After solidifying, the Cesium can be easily cut, even with a spatula.

這是YouTube上第一次，您可以觀察到銫被切割。

And it is not just the most active, but also the softest metal in the world.

首先，我拿了一塊銫，然後把它放在一塊木頭上。

It resembles margarine for its softness.

銫接觸到空氣中的氧氣 而產生氧化反應而融化

For the first time on YouTube, you can now observe Cesium is being cut.

然後銫離子自燃，而形成一個美麗的洋紅色火焰。

First, I took a piece of Cesium, and put it on a piece of wood.

銫在餐巾紙上的反應也相當類似。

Cesium melts from the oxidation reaction of oxygen in the air

此外，為了與銣對比，我決定實驗銫與沙子的反應。

and then self ignites with a beautiful magenta flame due to Cesium ions.

銫會與二氧化矽產生反應，在沙子上燃燒銫和燃燒銣的反應相似

【Burning】

沙子平靜地形成一層美麗且閃亮的表面，也就是非晶體矽。

Cesium also behaves similarly on the napkin.

接下來，我決定使用高溫的銫與硫酸錳反應，反應並不是很激烈。

【Burning】

但是當它形成金屬錳時，比在上沙子上的反應更好。

Furthermore, by analogy with Rubidium, I decided to conduct the reaction of Cesium with sand.

到目前為止最酷的反應是銫與硫。

Igniting Cesium on sand, similarly to rubidium, Cesium reacts with the silica

我們把這塊銫扔進熔融硫磺的中。

which the sand consists of very calmly and forms a beautiful sandy surface and also, an amorphous silicon.

在此反應中，這兩種元素形成硫化銫。

Next, I decided to let hot Cesium react with manganese sulfate, the response wasn't very rough.

我們還決定將銅與銫融合，

But it is better that it was with sand, when it's formed a metal manganese.

由此形成了一種特殊的化合物，即銅和銫的金屬間化合物

The coolest reaction by far was Cesium with sulfur.

由於銫被氧氣氧化，最終腐爛。

Where we throw the piece of Cesium in molten sulfur.

如果你將一片銫放入裝有乙醇的玻璃杯中，銫即使在酒精中也會自燃，

【crack and explosion】

由於銫離子，酒精的火焰色為美麗的紫色。

In that reaction the two elements forms Cesium sulfide.

最後，我們決定在裝滿冰水的容器中放入約20克的銫。

Also we decided to fuse copper with cesium,

如您所見，銫與水一接觸時就會爆炸。

with that an unusual compound was formed, the intermetallic compound of copper and cesium

雖然相較於其他影片中的敘述，反應並沒有那麼激烈

which eventually decayed due to cesium's oxidation by atmospheric oxygen.

銫具有多種應用，目前金屬銫用於最精確的原子鐘。

If you throw a piece of Cesium into the glass filled with ethanol, Cesium will self ignite even in alcohol,

每1億年僅有1秒的誤差。

coloring the flame of alcohol to beautiful purple due to Cesium ions.

此外，銫也運用於軌道衛星的新引擎。

Lastly, we decided to throw about 20 grams of Cesium in container filled with the ice water.

直到大約在21世紀初，在微電子產品興起之前，

【Explosion】

銫已廣泛用於光電池和運動感應器。

As you can see, Cesium explodes on the first contact with water.

然而，在市場充斥著廉價的晶體管類比之後，

Although not so strongly as it's sometimes portrayed in other videos.

人造金屬銫的需求消失了，其價格急劇上漲。

Cesium has a variety of applications, these days metallic Cesium is used in the most accurate atomic clocks.

最後，我要感謝MEL科學公司。

The error of which is only a second per 100 million years.

沒有他們，我們無法製作這部影片。

Also, Cesium is used in the new engines for orbital satellites.

銫非常的昂貴，更別說還燒壞了桌子。

Until about the early 2000s, before the rise of micro electronics,

但各位觀眾，這一切都是為了科學。

Cesium has been widely used in photocells and motion sensors.

你會學到很多關於這種特殊的金屬：銫。

However, after the market has been flooded with cheap transistor analogies,

如果你喜歡我的影片請點擊讚，訂閱我的頻道，並參觀我們的讚助商MEL Science的網站。

the need of such a number of manufacturing metallic cesium disappeared and the price had since arisen sharply.

謝謝您的收看！

And lastly, I would like to thank the company MEL Science.

Without them, the production of this video would have been impossible.

The Cesium was worth a lot of money, not mention the burning of the table.

It was all done for science, and so that you, my channel viewer,

who would learn a lot of about this amazing metal, Cesium.

Like the video if you enjoyed it, subscribe my channel, and also visit the website site of our sponsor, MEL Science.

Thank you for watching!

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