We added sound.

我們加入了聲音。

It's a silent movie.

這是一部默片。

This chart shows all the movies directed or produced by legendary director D.W.

這張圖表顯示了所有由傳奇導演 D.W.Griffith

Griffith in 1912.

於 1912 年所導演或製作的電影。

He was a Hollywood titan, but most of his movies?

他是個好萊塢泰斗，但他大多數的電影怎麼樣呢 ?

They were about the same length.

它們大多有著相同的長度。

Around 15 minutes, with the exceptions topping out around a half hour long.

大約 15 分鐘左右，例外中最長的也只有大約半個小時。

Now look at the run time for 1915's Birth of A Nation.

現在來看看 1915 年的電影「一個國家的誕生」的片長。

What happened there?

發生了什麼事呢 ?

The reason movies changed from 15 minute trifles to “featured attractions,” can be traced

電影由 15 分鐘的瑣事變為「引人入勝的作品」的原因，可以追溯到

to one silent movie.

一部默片。

It changed the game in a way that transformed all movies.

它以那使得所有電影蛻變的方式改變了遊戲規則。

But it wasn't invented in Hollywood.

但這並非在好萊塢發明的。

It came from 6,000 miles away.

它來自 6000 英里以外的地方。

This is a foot — here you go metric people.

這是一英呎 -- 只會使用公制單位的人，你瞧。

Early silent film historians actually talk about these movies in...feet.

早期的電影歷史學家們確實以...英尺來談論這些電影。

And it makes sense — the same way that measuring tape comes on a reel, movies come on reels

這很合理 -- 就像捲尺裝在捲軸上一樣，電影膠片也裝在捲軸上

too.

。

One reel of film is 1,000 feet, give or take.

一個電影卷軸的長度是大約是 1000 英尺。

That's 15 minutes or fewer, depending on what frame rate you play it back at.

這樣最長大約是 15 分鐘，取決於你播放這部電影的影格率。

In the early days of movies — the 1900s — almost all movies were about 1,000 feet.

在早期 -- 1900 年代 -- 的電影中，幾乎所有電影膠片的長度都在 1000 英尺左右。

One reel.

一捲。

15 minutes or fewer.

最多 15 分鐘。

These short movies were usually screened in variety shows or a smorgasbord of short films.

這些短片通常在綜藝節目或短片大雜燴中放映。

You'd drop into a Nickelodeon — a lower-class theatre where you'd see a bunch of movies

你可能順道走進一間尼克劇院 -- 一種能夠讓你觀賞一堆電影的低級戲院

for a nickel — 5 cents.

用 5 美分

You'd see Laura Comstock's Bag Punching Dog, followed by The Trapeze Disrobing Act,

你可能會看到《Laura Comstock's Bag Punching Dog》，緊接著是 《The Trapeze Disrobing Act》，

followed by the first screen adaptation of Frankenstein.

再來還有首次改編為電影的《科學怪人》。

The whole thing was 14 minutes long - 975 feet.

整部電影片長為 14 分鐘 -- 975 英呎。

In America, some of this was enforced by East Coast movie trusts that controlled and licensed

在美洲，某些電影是由東海岸信託公司控制並且

movie patents for film and projection.

批准拍攝和放映的專利。

They preferred single and double reel films.

他們偏好單軸及雙軸電影。

But even renegade filmmakers out in Hollywood kept movies pretty short.

但即便是好萊塢外部的電影製作人，他們的電影也非常短。

And, with some exceptions, so did filmmakers across Europe.

而除了某些例外，歐洲的電影製作人也是如此。

It was just easier to transport and project one-reel films.

只因為運送和放映單軸電影是比較容易的。

That chart, from the beginning?

一開始的那張圖表呢?

It's not a chart of time, but feet.

它的單位並非時間，而是英尺。

And this right here is a thousand feet - that one reel cutoff.

1000 英尺在這裡 -- 一個卷軸的長度。

For the most part, movies were...small.

大多數情況下，電影是...短的。

Until the Italians thought bigger.

直到義大利人展現他們的野心。

Italian movies were becoming spectacles in the 1900s.

在 1900 年代，義大利電影開始浮上檯面。

They were breaking out of the standard 15-minute short, and trying new things.

他們打破了 15 分鐘的標準，並且嘗試新的準則。

By being outside the American system of high-powered movie trusts, one film in particular was able

藉由身處於美國強大的電影信託系統之外，其中有一部電影能夠

to rewrite the rules.

重新定義規則。

That's 1913's Quo Vadis — an epic story of Romans in the time of Nero.

那就是 1913 年的《Quo Vadis》 -- 一個描述尼祿時期羅馬人的史詩故事。

To tell that story the Italian filmmakers took 2 whole hours - not 15 minutes.

義大利電影製作人用了整整兩個小時來闡述這個故事 -- 而非 15 分鐘。

It was 8,000 feet long!

這有 8000 英尺長 !

To get people to see it, Quo Vadis's promoters needed to invent a new business model.

為了讓人們能夠看見它，《Quo Vadis》的發起人需要發明一個新的商業模式。

Instead of trying to force the long movie into those movie theaters playing a bunch

而非試著將長篇電影硬塞進那些放映一堆

of one-reel shorts, promoters rented out classy concert halls for Quo Vadis alone.

單軸短片的戲院，發起人單單為了《Quo Vadis》而租用了一流的音樂廳。

They did the same in the US, at the Astor Theatre in New York, and playing the “mammoth

在美國紐約的 Astor 戲院，他們做了相同的事，並且四處放映《mammoth　photodrama》

photodrama” everywhere from Arkansas to the future state of Hawaii.

從阿肯色州到未來的夏威夷州。

To draw crowds from nickelodeons into those big halls to watch just one really long thing,

為了將群眾從尼克戲院吸引到那些大劇院去觀賞一部真正的長片

Quo Vadis needed to be special.

《Quo Vadis》需要與眾不同。

It used real Roman locations, thousands of extras, and the first big stunts - like chariot

它使用了真實的羅馬場景、上千名臨時演員和史上第一個大型的特技表演 -- 例如

races where the actors rode real chariots and gladiatorial battles with big hits and

由演員駕駛著真實戰車的戰車競逐以及拳拳到肉、披堅執銳的

realistic weapons.

角鬥士格鬥。

The posters sold the spectacle — and sold out seats.

宣傳海報賣出這場公開展演 -- 也賣光了座位。

And people noticed.

人們紛紛注意到這場演出。

In the years following the release of Quo Vadis, DW Griffith, increased the length of

在《Ｑuo Vadis》開演後隔年，D.W. Griffith 開始加長

his own movies.

他所製作的電影。

Quo Vadis and other Italian epics were proof that big movies could work.

《Quo Vadis》和其他義大利史詩電影證明了長片確實行得通。

Griffith's movies like “Judith of Bethulia” crept into feature film lengths - 61 minutes,

Griffith 的電影像是《Judith of Bethulia》達到了故事片的長度 -- 61分鐘

a full 4 reels.

整整 4 個卷軸。

He released Birth of a Nation in 1915.

在 1915 年，他拍出了《一個國家的誕生》。

It was sold as the “mightiest spectacle ever produced” — and a long one clocking

它主打著"有史以來最壯觀的場景" -- 而且是一部長片

in at 12 reels.

一共有 12 捲卷軸。

It had big stunts too, like many big battle scenes.

一如其他浩大的戰鬥場景，它也有著強大的特技。

Now this movie was so controversial that people called it racist in 1915.

這部電影非常具有爭議性，以至於在 1915 年，人們稱其為種族主義。

I mean, the KKK are the good guys.

因為他們認為三 K 黨是群好人。

But despite that, it brought the spectacle of Quo Vadis to Hollywood.

但儘管如此，它仍將《Quo Vadis》的壯觀場面帶到了好萊塢。

The trusts that wanted to keep movies short were already fading.

想要將電影維持在短片形式的信託公司早已凋零。

The public's love of long movies finished the job.

大眾對長片的愛好結束了這個工作。

Birth of a Nation solidified single movies as a style worth funding and paying for.

《一個國家的誕生》使得單部電影成為一種值得投資和放映的風格。

And even though today, we don't measure movies in feet, Quo Vadis is not a relic.

而即便在不用英尺作為電影長度單位的今日，《Quo Vadis》仍未成為歷史遺跡。

This chart shows average movie times for the most popular 25 movies each year, from 1930

這個圖表顯示了每年最熱門的 25 部電影的平均片長，

on.

從 1930 年開始。

This time here?

這個時間點?

It's 2013, 100 years after the 120 minute Quo Vadis came out.

這是 2013 年，於 120 分鐘的長片《Quo Vadis》出現的 100 年後。

The running time?

電影長度呢？

121.4 minutes.

121.4 分鐘。

This edition of Almanac's all about big changes to the movies that came from outside

這一集的年曆內容是有關好萊塢外部的電影的重大變遷，

Hollywood, and there are a ton of other business model changes like Quo Vadis, so let me know

並且有許多像是《Quo Vadis》這樣的商業模式變化，

some of the ones that you've heard about in the comments.

所以，在留言處讓我知道你曾經聽說過的變遷。

However, I wanna just prove to you one more time that Quo Vadis really was a huge hit.

然而，我只想再次向你們證明《Quo Vadis》確實是個巨大的衝擊。

This is an ad for “When Ursus Threw the Bull,” a parody movie that was made in response

這是一則「When Ursus Threw the Bull」的廣告，一部為了響應

to Quo Vadis's enormous success.

《Quo Vadis》的巨大成功而拍攝的仿作。