Name: 沒有大腦，你能做什麼？ (What Can You Do Without a Brain?)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:44:48.000Z
Duration: 7 min 56 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。

Hey, Vsauce, Michael here, and subscribing to Vsauce is a no-brainer. Or is it? I mean,

you would need your brain to understand the words that I was speaking, and you would need

your brain to decide whether or not you liked what you were hearing. You would also need

your brain to move your muscles in just the right way to click the subscribe button. In

fact, you need your brain to do a lot of stuff, and, without a brain, well, you can't do much

of anything at all. So, literally speaking, is there really such a thing as a "no-brainer?"

Let's begin with no-header's...decapitation. It's a macabre subject, I know, but what's

the matter? Are you chicken? Ok, good. Because Mike certainly was. In 1945, farmer Lloyd

Olsen went out to grab a chicken for supper. He cut the chicken's head off, and it didn't

die. Mike The Headless Chicken lived for another 18 months. He toured the country and surprised

onlookers, he could walk and perch, and was fed by putting little drops of water or pieces

of grain down his throat. But, here's the thing- Mike The Headless Chicken's actions

weren't a no-brainer, because even though he didn't have much of what we would call

a "head" left, he did have a bit of his brain stem.

If we want a clearer no-brainer, we're going to have to look at an even more simple creature,

the cockroach. These guys don't even breath through their heads so, without one, they're

fine. Instead, they breath through holes all over their bodies. And instead of being controlled

by a big, massive brain, they have little bundles of nerves, ganglia, throughout their

body, and so, even without any head parts, even when completely decapitated, a cockroach

can live for weeks. It can walk around, respond to movement- really, its only problem is that,

without its head, it will eventually starve to death.

Us humans are not nearly as fortunate. Without a head and brain we die within seconds, if

not instantly. But, before you get jealous, keep in mind that with our heads intact, we

are capable of some actions that don't necessarily require the brain: reflexes. When you snap

your finger, your finger moves at about 20 mph. And a really big sneeze can expel air

at nearly 30-40 mph. But nerve impulses- they're really quick. They can clock in at 250 mph,

but, sometimes, that's not even fast enough. For instance, if you accidentally put your

hand on a hot stove, cells are dying quickly. And 250 mph doesn't cut it, you need to take

an action, fast. It's not worth it to tell your brain what's happening right away. And

so, instead, your immediate reaction to pull away is mediated by other parts of your nervous

system. The same can be said for involuntary and unconscious processes.

So, in a way, these unconscious, involuntary, or reflexive behaviors could be considered

no-brainers. But, I'm not quite satisfied yet because they still require that your brain

be there, keeping you alive. So, what if you weren't alive? Well, in your dead, brainless

body, your muscle cells still contain a little bit of energy in the form of a ATP.

Backyard Brains, right here on Youtube, demonstrates this with insect parts. This leg is no longer

connected to a brain or a body, but energy remains in the cells. And so, researchers

can detect electrical signals when the leg is touched, or even simply breathed on.

"Whoa, that popping sound you're hearing is the spontaneous discharge rate of the living

The muscle cells of a human limb would respond in just the same way. But you don't need wires

to observe behavior like this. Salt can also do the trick. The introduction of sodium ions

can cause a process similar to an action-potential in a living animal. Salt added to these fresh

frog legs makes them dance, though not for very long. The cells will eventually run out

of energy, or simply decay. But, to be sure, there are many other brief candidates for

no-brainers at the moment of death. For instance, muscles relaxing, causing a person to soil

themselves. Technically, a no-brainer. But it's a misconception that a corpse continues

to grow fingernails and hair; instead, it's actually the skin, itself, shrinking as it

dries, making hair and nails appear longer.

But, let's take a closer look at these skin cells, because we might be on to a quite satisfactory

no-brainer. Your skin cells live on the periphery of your body, and they don't require a constant

stream of new nutrients from your blood. And, so, even though you are dead and your brain

is no longer calling the shots, your skin cells can continue to live, gathering nutrients

through osmosis, and dividing for days. In fact, you can harvest skin cells from a corpse

On a related note: digestion. Sure, a lot of the digestive processes completed by you

being alive and having a nervous system that works. But, part of the work is done by bacteria

that just happens to live inside your gut. And when your dead or your brain is gone,

they'll continue digesting. So, in a way, making poop, at least part of that process,

But here's the thing, these bacteria that live inside you are foreign bacteria. Are

they you? For that matter, what about the skin cells that continue to live after you're

dead? Are they you, or are they merely cells that you have made a good home for? We're

getting pretty philosophical here because we're basically asking if you are merely your

brain, and everything else that goes on when you no longer have one is just other stuff

You can argue that without a brain your body no longer has your intentions. It no longer

does things because you have decided to do them. In other words, a no-brainer may be

impossible for you to do because it requires not using you...

If you are merely what your brain does and not what your cells do off on their own when

the brain is gone then, in a way, being you, being alive, is a yes-brainer.

Another great yes-brainer is checking out Vsauce3. You can find some scientific video

game analysis, some gamer LÜT, and some pretty cool apps to download. Go check that out and,