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  • In China's Valley of the Kings there stands a tall carved stone

    在中國的王者之谷,矗立著一座高大的石雕。

  • It marks the tomb of a woman who rose from lowly concubine to become emperor of China

    是一個從卑微的嬪妃晉升為皇帝的女人的墓。

  • The only woman to dare claim that title

    唯一一個敢於稱霸的女人

  • But China's female Emperor has gone down in history as a controversial and deeply divisive ruler

    但是,中國的女皇帝作為一個有爭議的、分裂嚴重的統治者,已經載入史冊。

  • To have a woman with such power

    有一個女人有這樣的權力

  • really threatened the establishment

    威風凜凜

  • Not only did Wu Zetian rock the boat in some ways. She overturned it

    武則天不僅在某些方面搖身一變。她把它推翻了

  • It would have been a very dangerous thing to get in the way of Wu Zetian

    擋在武則天面前,本來就是一件非常危險的事情。

  • Since her death 1,300 years ago wu zetian has been remembered as a callous tyrant who brought calamity to china

    自1300年前武則天死後,人們就把她當作一個給中國帶來災難的冷酷無情的暴君來看待。

  • But now

    但現在

  • Extraordinary new discoveries are revealing a very different picture of her reign from ancient tombstones

    非凡的新發現從古墓碑上揭示了一幅與她的統治截然不同的畫面。

  • I've been waiting since this was excavated. I am ecstatic

    自從這東西被挖掘出來,我就一直在等待。我很高興

  • to Buddhist temples

    寺廟

  • I honestly wasn't expecting that that is really exciting seeing this with your eyes is incredible experience

    說實話,我真的沒有想到,這真的很令人興奮 看到這個與你的眼睛是不可思議的經驗

  • Lost treasures have even more fantastic than I thought it would be

    失落的寶藏比我想象中的還要奇妙。

  • Now for the first time experts are discovering how one woman managed to rule all the Imperial China

    現在,專家們首次發現了一個女人是如何統治整個中國的。

  • And whether Wu Zetian really was an evil dictator or one of the most misunderstood leaders in history

    而武則天到底是一個邪惡的獨裁者,還是歷史上最被誤解的領導人之一?

  • The only female emperor in China's 2,000 years of Imperial history was named Wu Zetian

    中國兩千年帝國曆史上唯一的女皇帝叫武則天

  • move the celestial

    驚天動地

  • She first entered court in 637 ad as a 13 year old concubine

    她第一次進宮是在公元637年,當時她還是一個13歲的小妾。

  • Part of the hareem of mistresses serving emperor Taizong of the Tang dynasty

    妃子樓

  • Tang Taizong had more than a hundred concubines by repute. She was beautiful. She was charming. She was entertaining

    唐太宗有一百多個有名望的妃子。她很美她很有魅力她是娛樂的

  • She also had a real zest for life

    她對生活也很有熱情

  • Concubine Wu soon got herself noticed

    吳妃很快就被發現了

  • When she entered the palace

    當她進宮後

  • She quickly gained favour of this emperor and her relationship of become closer and with the rise her of her influence at court

    她很快就獲得了這個皇帝的青睞和她的關係變得更加緊密,並與她的崛起她的影響力在法院

  • and

  • She proved to be politically very very skilful and she's very shrewd

    她證明了她在政治上非常非常嫻熟,她非常精明

  • When the old Emperor died Wu Zetian became at first concubine to his son Gaozong

    老皇帝死後,武則天初為其子高宗的妃子

  • Then in 655 he made her his Empress

    655年,他立她為皇后。

  • But emperor gaozong was a sickly man

    但高宗皇帝是個病秧子

  • And gradually Wu became the real power behind the throne

    漸漸地吳國成為了王位背後的真正力量

  • Until in 690 with her husband dead Wu Zetian stepped from the shadows and declared herself Emperor

    直到690年,丈夫死了,武則天從陰影中走出來,自稱皇帝。

  • Yet China's ancient chroniclers were scathing in their accounts of her rise to power

    然而,中國古代的史學家對她的崛起卻有嚴厲的描述。

  • History tells us a really dark and bleak picture about Empress Wu

    歷史告訴我們,武后的形象真的很黑暗,很淒涼。

  • One of the most brutal stories we have is that she killed her own child just to frame the previous Empress and

    我們最殘忍的一個故事是,她殺了自己的孩子,只是為了陷害之前的皇后和。

  • gain station at court

    掖庭

  • We're also told that Wu Zhao had her two

    我們還聽說,吳釗有她的兩個。

  • Rivals legs and arms cut off and then dip them in a vat of wine and let them slowly bleed to death

    把對手的腿和胳膊砍下來,然後浸在酒缸裡,讓他們慢慢流血而死。

  • So this paints a picture of a devious

    是以,這描繪了一個狡猾的畫面。

  • manipulating

    操縱

  • calculating

    計算

  • self-serving and absolutely ruthless Virago

    自私自利,絕對無情的維拉戈。

  • hell-bent on power

    恃強凌弱

  • Even after she claimed the throne we're told Wu Zetian was ruthless in her reign

    即使在她登基之後 我們也知道武則天在位時是很殘酷的

  • This is the tomb of Wu Zetian's second son Li Xian. He was a threat to his mother

    這是武則天次子李賢的墓。他對他母親有威脅

  • Li Xian was accused of treason and he was exiled to the most remote

    李顯被控謀反,他被流放到最偏遠的地方。

  • corner of the Chinese Empire locked in a room and

    在中華帝國的一角,被關在房間裡,並

  • forced to commit suicide by poisoning

    逼死

  • So this is a mother killing her own son so that she can hold on to power

    所以這是一個母親為了掌握權力而殺死自己的兒子

  • Wu Zetian led China for nearly 50 years

    武則天帶領中國走過了近50年的歷程

  • According to legend she was a tyrant whose reign brought disaster to the Empire

    傳說她是一個暴君,她的統治給帝國帶來了災難。

  • Now archaeologists run earthing new evidence the challenges this version of Wu's story

    現在,考古學家們找到了新的證據來挑戰這個版本的吳宇森的故事。

  • The professor Zhang Jianlin is the world's leading archaeologists to the tang era

    張建林教授是世界上最頂尖的考古學家,對唐代

  • Today the city of Xian has grown to encompass old Chang'an, Wu's capital

    如今的西安城已經發展到囊括了吳國首都老長安。

  • The population of 12 million Xian is rapidly expanding

    1200萬西安人口迅速膨脹

  • It's also home to professor Zhang's conservation facility

    這裡也是張教授保護設施的所在地。

  • Historian dr. Harry Rothschild has heard about some intriguing recent finds that date to Wu's rein. Whoa

    歷史學家Harry Rothschild博士聽說了一些有趣的最新發現,這些發現可以追溯到吳的統治時期。哇哦

  • It's amazing seeing all these Tang artifacts

    看到這些唐代的文物,真是太神奇了。

  • I've been studying Wu Zhao, Wu Zetian for 17 years and finally here

    我學了17年的武昭、武則天,終於在這裡了

  • We are at Ground Zero you can sense her everywhere here in Chang'an

    我們現在是在零點,你在長安到處都能感覺到她的存在

  • The figurines show life in Wu's capital the musicians traders and nobles buried with the dead to ensure a comfortable

    俑表現了吳國首都的生活 樂師商人和貴族與死者合葬,以確保舒適的

  • afterlife

    來世

  • but there's also something unexpected here a

    但也有意外之處

  • first clue to what Wu's China was really like

    初識吳冠中

  • So we're looking at an unprecedented boost for the position of women

    所以,我們看到的是婦女地位的空前提升。

  • you're talking about a female Emperor here after all and and so that

    你說的畢竟是女皇帝,所以... ...

  • Translated directly in this sort of greater opportunity and greater freedom for women in the late 7th in early 8th century

    直接翻譯成這種7世紀末8世紀初婦女的更大機會和更大自由。

  • It seems like there may be more to Wu Zetian that meets the eye

    看來,武則天可能還有更多的不為人知的地方。

  • Ancient chroniclers denigrated her reign

    古代史學家對她的統治進行了詆譭。

  • But many recent tomb discoveries like the women in men's clothing hinted a rather different story

    但最近許多墓葬的發現,比如穿男人衣服的女人,暗示了一個相當不同的故事。

  • Professor Tonia Eckfeld is an expert on Tang era tombs

    冬妮婭-艾克菲爾德教授是唐代墓葬專家。

  • She's on her way to see one of the most amazing archaeological finds in all Chinese history

    她正在去看中國歷史上最驚人的考古發現之一的路上。

  • It's amazing it's even more fantastic than I thought it would be

    太神奇了 比我想象中的還要神奇呢

  • This is the fabled Phoenix crown of ancient China a

    這就是中國古代傳說中的鳳冠

  • long-lost treasure from the Tang era

    遺寶

  • written about in ancient texts, but never seen

    古籍中記載,但從未見過

  • until now

    到現在

  • This priceless headdress is held under lock and key and can only be viewed by special appointment

    這個無價的頭飾被鎖住了,只能通過特別預約才能看到。

  • Tonia believes that is a vital clue to the truth about Wu Zetian's China

    佟麗婭認為,這是瞭解武則天中國真相的重要線索。

  • There's an enormous amount to investigate in this piece

    這塊有大量的內容需要調查。

  • Looking closely the metal work is filigree, and there's a lot of granulation

    仔細看金屬工藝是花絲,而且有很多顆粒狀的東西

  • Granulation consists of tiny little beads of gold

    粒狀物由微小的金珠組成

  • The whole crown is like a peacock displaying its tail

    整個王冠就像孔雀展示尾巴一般

  • There are very very fine flowers made of mother-of-pearl and pearl. There are even fine bunches of grapes made of Chinese glass

    有非常非常精美的珍珠母貝和珍珠製成的花。甚至還有用中國玻璃製成的精美葡萄串。

  • So really what we see here is something

    所以我們在這裡看到的其實是

  • cosmopolitan and something rich

    大都市和豐富的東西

  • something fashionable full of

    洋氣

  • luxury items not only in the making of it, but also in the imagery involved

    奢侈品不僅在製作過程中,而且在涉及到的意象中。

  • Professors Jung's team found the Phoenix crown in a grave that was already in exceptional find, a tomb that had never been raided

    鄭教授的團隊在一個已經有特殊發現的墓穴中發現了鳳冠,這是一個從未被盜過的墓穴

  • Inside was a skeleton and on the skull the beehive hairstyle

    裡面是一具骷髏頭,頭骨上是蜂巢的髮型

  • studded with jewels

    琳琅滿目

  • The skeleton was of a young woman named Li Chui a minor descendant of the Tang royal family

    遺骨是一個叫李翠的年輕女子... ...是唐朝皇室的一個小後裔。

  • For 18 months the team carefully picked out every single jewel and stone

    在18個月的時間裡,團隊精心挑選了每一顆寶石和石頭。

  • Slowly piecing together the headdress to reveal its true glory

    慢慢地拼湊著頭飾,露出它的真容。

  • But when they used x-ray chromatography to discover where the different jewels and stones came from they were in for a surprise

    但當他們用X射線色譜法發現不同珠寶和寶石的來源時,他們大吃一驚。

  • The headdress has carnelian from Uzbekistan

    頭飾上有來自烏茲別克斯坦的紅玉髓

  • 2,900 miles to the west of Chang'an, garnet from India 3,000 miles southwest

    長安西二千九百里,西南三千里印度石榴石。

  • Amber from Iran 4,000 miles away and ivory from Sri Lanka

    琥珀來自4000英里外的伊朗,象牙來自斯里蘭卡。

  • 4500 miles from Wu's capital

    距吳國首都4500裡

  • The crown gives us clues about Wu Zetian's society. Life was rich. There's a lot of luxury

    王冠給我們提供了武則天社會的線索。生活很豐富。有很多奢華的東西

  • It was a real high point in the arts

    那是一個真正的藝術高峰

  • What we can see here is the embodiment of all of the wealth and all of the treasure that the Tang court could attract

    我們在這裡可以看到的是唐朝廷能夠吸引的所有財富和所有寶藏的體現。

  • Li Chui wasn't even a princess if she was buried wearing this priceless headdress

    如果李翠戴著這個無價的頭飾下葬,她連公主都算不上了

  • Clear evidence of the extraordinary wealth of China at the time

    清晰地證明了當時中國的非凡財富

  • Her tomb holds one final secret

    她的墳墓裡有一個最後的祕密

  • She was buried with the Jade silkworm in her hand

    她手握玉蠶被埋葬了

  • Another clue that reveals Wu's ambitions to make her China the wealthiest empire in the world

    又是一條線索,揭示了吳老的野心,讓她的中國成為世界上最富有的帝國。

  • In seventh century China a woman named Wu Zetian rose from lonely concubine to Empress

    在七世紀的中國,有一個叫武則天的女人,從孤獨的妃子升為皇后。

  • With her husband, the Emperor's sick. She ruled the Empire in all but name

    與她的丈夫,皇帝的病。除了名義上的統治,她還統治著整個帝國

  • Ancient chroniclers dismissed her reign as a time of calamity

    古代史家將她的統治視為災荒時期

  • But today's experts think the truth may be very different

    但今天的專家認為真相可能大相徑庭。

  • In a tomb 50 miles northwest of wu's capital city, Chang'an

    在吳國都城長安西北五十里的一座墓中

  • Tonia Eckfeld is investigating murals that provide strong evidence of Wu's influence and power

    冬妮婭-埃克菲爾德正在調查壁畫,這些壁畫提供了吳的影響力和權力的有力證據。

  • Here we can see a mural of foreign ambassadors coming to court

    在這裡,我們可以看到一幅外國使節上朝的壁畫。

  • Ambassadors came from far and wide in this mural we can see a Mongolian a Korean and a townshend monk

    在這幅壁畫中,我們可以看到一個蒙古人、一個朝鮮人和一個和尚,他們來自四面八方。

  • perhaps from Rome or Syria

    興許是羅馬或敘利亞人

  • There's a man from Xinjian from Greece and from Persia

    有一個從希臘來的辛吉安人,還有一個從波斯來的人

  • It's interesting because we can see that the The Ambassadors are in

    這很有趣,因為我們可以看到,"大使 "們在。

  • quite subservient positions their hands are clasped before them and

    相當順從的姿勢,他們的手被扣在他們面前,並。

  • Seem quite in awe of the situation

    似乎很敬畏這種情況

  • The mural suggests that Wu Zetian was a respected international leader of her time

    這幅壁畫表明,武則天是當時受人尊敬的國際領袖。

  • I think Wu Zetian was a consummate politician

    我覺得武則天是一個很好的政治家呢

  • she saw advantage in the use of

    她看到了在使用中的優勢

  • diplomacy rather than warfare and led the society that was quite open and open to foreigners

    外交而非戰爭,並上司了一個相當開放的社會,對外國人開放

  • Many foreigners at high level beat a path to her door

    很多高層次的外國人都給她打了一條路過來

  • Recent research suggests that there were 25,000 foreigners living in Wu's Chang'an

    最近的研究表明,吳國長安有2.5萬名外國人居住。

  • Many were traders and more than anything, they were after one Chinese product.

    很多人都是商人,他們更多的是在追求一種中國產品。

  • Since the 4th millennium BC China had produced the finest quality silk

    自公元前四千年以來,中國已經生產出了最優質的絲綢

  • By Wu's era the demand for Chinese silk had made it as valuable as gold

    到了吳國時代,對中國絲綢的需求已經使其變得像黃金一樣珍貴。

  • The ancient trade routes of the Silk Road began in Chang'an spreading east and west linking China to other nations

    古代絲綢之路從長安開始,向東、向西傳播,將中國與其他國家聯繫起來

  • But by the mid 7th century bandits and robbers threatened to stop trade in its tracks

    但到了7世紀中葉,土匪和強盜威脅到了貿易的發展。

  • new discoveries reveal Wu Zetian's master strain

    新發現揭示了武則天的母株

  • She built military outposts far into Central Asia securing safe passage all along the Silk routes

    她在中亞地區建立了軍事前哨,確保絲綢之路沿線的安全通道。

  • Harry Rothschild has come to the very start of the Silk Road in Chang'an to find the latest archaeological evidence of trade in Wu's capital

    哈里-羅斯柴爾德來到絲綢之路的起點長安,在吳國首都尋找最新的貿易考古證據。

  • This is incredible. We've been allowed to come right down here into the Western market

    這真是不可思議。我們已經被允許來到這裡 進入西方市場。

  • We're standing right on the edge of the canal

    我們就站在運河邊上。

  • looking right across into this square where you had all of these stalls arrayed where rows of iron mongers and butchers and

    在這個廣場的對面,你可以看到所有這些攤位排列在那裡,一排排的鐵匠,屠夫和...

  • tanner's and

    皮匠的和

  • silversmiths, goldsmith's, calligraphy brush salesmen would be arrayed where you could find anything under the Sun

    銀匠、金匠、賣毛筆的都會擺在那裡,在那裡你可以找到太陽底下的任何東西

  • If you get down closely here you can see

    如果你靠近這裡,你可以看到

  • Ruts that have been left in in the earth

    泥土中留下的車轍

  • From the carts that went over this bridge you really feel the ambience of the Western market

    從這橋上走過的小車,你真的感受到了西市的氛圍。

  • In Wu Zetian's Chang'an, the east and west markets marked the start of the silk road

    在武則天的長安,東、西市場標誌著絲綢之路的開始

  • In the West market goods from lands to the west of Chang'an were bought and sold

    在西市,長安以西的土地上的貨物被買賣。

  • Silk Road trade not only made Wu's Empire wealthy it brought so many

    絲綢之路的貿易不僅讓吳國變得富有,還為吳國帶來了眾多的財富

  • foreigners to China that her capital became one of the first truly

    中國的外國人,使她的首都成為第一批真正意義上的中國人。

  • cosmopolitan cities in the world. People from all across the world traveled to China and many chose to stay

    世界上的國際大都市。來自世界各地的人們到中國旅遊,很多人選擇了在中國停留。

  • And this multicultural influence can still be felt in present day Xi'an

    而這種多元文化的影響,在現在的西安依然可以感受到。

  • We are walking along the Huimin street the Chinese Muslims street on the very heart of old

    我們走在回民街,中國穆斯林街,在老城區的中心地帶

  • Tang China and it is bustling it is vibrant. It is full of energy

    唐中國,它是繁華的它是充滿活力的。它充滿了活力

  • As you see by the milling bustle going on behind me now

    就像你看到我身後的喧囂一樣。

  • I think these are sugared figs or dried figs here

    我想這些是無花果或者無花果乾吧

  • these came from along the Silk Road from from Persia

    這些東西來自絲綢之路沿線的波斯

  • So this is a kind of wheat kernel candy

    所以,這是一種麥仁糖。

  • and he's pulling this taffy then afterwards they'll take the taffy and they'll

    他拉著這個塔夫餅 然後他們會拿著這個塔夫餅,然後他們將

  • Roll it out with pumpkin seeds or with sesame seeds and then turn it into this hard candy

    用南瓜籽或用芝麻捲起來,然後把它變成這種硬糖。

  • The sesame came from Persia and the Middle East along the Silk Road

    芝麻來自波斯和中東的絲綢之路沿線。

  • So this is this is sort of the fruit of something that was trafficked thirteen hundred years ago during Wu Zetian's time

    所以這個就是這個算是1300年前武則天時代販賣的東西的果實了。

  • It is good. I think in terms of the

    這是好的。我認為從

  • multiculturalism the vibrance the bustle the energy just the constant commercial buzz

    多元文化的活力、喧囂、能量,只是不斷的商業喧囂。

  • You have a great sense of what was going on during the time

    你對這段時間發生的事情有很好的感覺。

  • By 662 with her husband the Emperor ill Empress Wu Zetian was an effective control of the whole Chinese Empire

    662年與她的丈夫武則天病後有效控制了整個中華帝國。

  • Trade had brought wealth and luxury

    貿易帶來了財富和奢侈品

  • Evident from the valuable artifacts that have been found and Wu wanted to flaunt this to the rest of the world

    從已經發現的珍貴文物可以看出,吳曉波想向全世界炫耀這一點

  • To do this she planned the expansion of the Imperial Palace on a scale never seen before

    為此,她計劃對皇宮進行規模空前的擴建。

  • When archaeologists first uncovered the foundations they were amazed by what they found

    當考古學家第一次發現這些地基時,他們被他們發現的東西驚呆了

  • This is one of the huge gated entrances rebuilt to scale on those very foundations

    這就是在這些地基上按比例重建的巨大門洞之一

  • This is Danfeng Gate the southern gate of Daming palace

    這是大明宮的南門丹鳳門

  • Just looking up at it it conjures a sense of awe

    光是看著它,就能讓人產生敬畏之心。

  • For me

    對我來說

  • It's a statement

    這是一個聲明

  • It provides a sense of Imperial grandeur

    它給人一種皇室氣派的感覺

  • It makes any one sort of standing before the gate feel a sense of their own smallness and insignificance

    這讓任何一種站在門前的人都會感到自己的渺小和渺小。

  • Wu Zetian's Daming Palace was the largest in the world

    武則天的大明宮是世界上最大的宮殿

  • Completed in just three years the scale of the complex outshone anything anyone had ever seen

    僅僅用了三年時間就完成了這個建築群,其規模超過了任何人所見過的任何東西。

  • Look at the size of Daming Palace

    看看大明宮的規模

  • This is twice as big as old pompeii

    這是舊龐貝城的兩倍大小

  • It's five times bigger than the Forbidden City of the Ming and Qing Dynasty Emperor's it's twenty-two times the size of the Acropolis

    它比明清兩代皇帝的紫禁城大五倍 它是雅典衛城的二十二倍。

  • The scope the grand juror. It's it's absolutely staggering.

    大陪審員的範圍。這是... ...這絕對是驚人的。

  • You can read about it

    您可以閱讀一下

  • but you don't really appreciate that magnitude until you step out on this balcony and you look out at this vista

    但你不會真正體會到那份偉大,直到你走到這個陽臺上,你看著這幅美景

  • There are archery grounds. There are polo grounds, cockfighting arenas,

    有射箭場。有馬球場、鬥雞場。

  • places for drama troops to practice and that's just the beginning. There are three or four more palaces beyond that

    戲劇部隊練習的地方,這還只是開始。除此之外,還有三四座宮殿

  • Emissaries coming from foreign countries would come in with their jaws dropping with just a sort of starry-eyed

    從外國來的使者進來時,下巴都要掉下來了,只有一種星光燦爛的感覺。

  • wonder and they would feel like they were looking at a celestial world a paradise on earth.

    驚奇,他們會覺得自己是在看一個天上的世界,一個人間的天堂。

  • I do think that was about imposing her power with the majesty and size of Daming Palace

    我倒是覺得,那是以大明宮的威嚴和規模,來彰顯她的權勢的

  • But Harry thinks this place is unusual in more than just its extreme size

    但哈利認為這個地方的不尋常之處不僅僅在於它的極端規模。

  • Chang'an when it was first designed was the model of perfect Imperial symmetry

    長安在設計之初就是完美的帝國對稱的典範。

  • The old Imperial Palace was in the north central position within the Tang capital Chang'an. This new Daming Palace

    舊皇宮在唐都長安內的北中位置。新建的大明宮

  • was outside of the city walls altogether. It's very unusual to build a palace

    是在城牆外完全。建造一座宮殿是很不尋常的事情。

  • outside of this usual model of imperial symmetry

    御製之外

  • there's one good reason for 12 years Wu Zhao had

    有一個很好的理由,12年來吳釗有了

  • languished in the old imperial palace. For her,

    徘徊在舊皇宮裡。對於她來說。

  • this was a chance to get a new start to distance herself from her lowly and obscure past as a fifth rank talent

    這是個重新開始的機會,讓她遠離過去低微默默無聞的五品秀才的身份

  • Here where you have this stunning new imperial grandeur

    在這裡,你有這個令人驚歎的新皇室的宏偉。

  • was an opportunity to sort of reinvent herself

    是一個重新塑造自己的機會

  • It's becoming clear that Wu Zetian made China a global superpower

    武則天讓中國成為全球超級大國的事實已經很明顯了

  • Contrary to how the legends were written she was at the center of a web of trade

    與傳說的寫法相反,她是一個貿易網的中心。

  • wealth and political influence that stretched from Japan to the Mediterranean

    富國強兵

  • In the seventh century Wu Zetian's capital city Chang'an was in a class of its own

    七世紀武則天的都城長安自成一派。

  • So Chang'an during Wu Zetian's time would have been an absolutely massive city

    所以武則天時代的長安應該是一個絕對龐大的城市。

  • There's supposed to be almost a million people living within the city walls and another million outside

    城牆內應該有近一百萬人,城牆外還有一百萬人。

  • which just outclasses anything else in the world at that time

    勝過當時世界上其他任何東西。

  • Jonathan Dugdale from Birmingham University thinks he knows one reason for Wu Zetian's remarkable success

    伯明翰大學的喬納森-杜格代爾認為,他知道武則天取得顯著成功的一個原因。

  • She would win the support of the common people through the reinvigorated religion that was sweeping China

    她將通過席捲中國的重振宗教,贏得普通百姓的支持。

  • Buddhism

    佛教

  • Wu Zetian realized patronizing Buddhism was a great way to please the people and what better way than building new temples and pagodas

    武則天意識到光顧佛教是討好百姓的好辦法,還有什麼比修建新的寺廟和佛塔更好的辦法呢?

  • So one of the main ones she built was this one right behind this the great wild goose pagoda

    所以她主要建的一個就是這個,就在這個大雁塔的後面。

  • The great goose pagoda was originally built in 652

    大雁塔始建於652年。

  • As someone who studied pagodas for a long time, this is

    作為一個長期研究佛塔的人,這是

  • particularly awesome

    特別棒

  • The pagoda was an important temple housing sacred Buddhist writings

    該塔是重要的寺廟,存放著佛教聖書

  • But just 50 years after it was built. It was destroyed in an earthquake

    但就在它建成50年後。就在一次地震中被毀

  • Wu, who had been brought up in the Buddhist faith spending time in a nunnery,

    吳某,從小信仰佛教在尼姑庵度過。

  • decided to rebuild the pagoda but on a much bigger scale

    決定重建佛塔,但規模要大得多。

  • Jonathan suspects that this new building was a record breaker and

    喬納森懷疑這棟新樓是破紀錄的,而且... ...

  • that Wu surpassed herself in her desire to make her mark in her people's faith

    吳曉波超越了自己,她想在人民的信仰中留下自己的印記。

  • And he thinks he can prove it.

    而且他認為他可以證明這一點。

  • I would really like to find out how tall this building was when Wu Zetian rebuilt it

    我真的很想知道這棟樓在武則天重建的時候有多高?

  • Because it'd be really interesting if she's decided to build it significantly bigger for a reason

    因為如果她出於某種原因決定把它建得更大,那就真的很有趣了。

  • But first he has a problem to solve. Wu Zetian's pagoda was partially damaged by a second earthquake

    但他首先要解決一個問題。武則天的寶塔在第二次地震中部分損壞了

  • The top three floors toppled

    最上面的三層樓倒塌了

  • So Jonathan has to work out how high her structure would have been with the missing floors

    所以,喬納森必須計算出她的結構會有多高 與缺失的地板。

  • onwards and upwards

    亹亹不倦

  • One two Okay that's 40 steps for that one and that put us on the fourth floor now

    一、二 好的,那一個有40級臺階,我們現在在四樓了。

  • 35, 36, 37, 38

    35, 36, 37, 38

  • One two three...

    一、二、三...

  • He's found a pattern in the number of steps

    他發現了一個模式,在步驟的數量上。

  • Previous floors we've gone from 43 to 40 to 38 37. So for the next floor is either 37 or 36

    以前的樓層我們從43到40再到38 37。所以下一樓不是37就是36。

  • We should make an accurate calculation

    我們應該做一個準確的計算

  • 34, 35, 36, 37

    34, 35, 36, 37

  • This is good, we're still decreasing so this is good we might be able to do something last one

    這是好的,我們還在減少,所以這是好的,我們也許能做一些最後的事情。

  • Let's do the math people

    讓我們來算一算吧

  • By working out the pattern and height of the steps per story

    通過計算出每層樓的臺階模式和高度。

  • 136

    136

  • Jonathan calculates with the missing three floors the true height of wu's pagoda was close to a staggering 300 feet high

    據喬納森計算,加上缺失的三層樓,吳氏塔的真實高度接近300英尺的驚人高度

  • Which would have made it not only the tallest brick pagoda in Asia

    這將使它不僅成為亞洲最高的磚塔。

  • But possibly one of the tallest buildings in the world at that time

    但可能是當時世界上最高的建築之一。

  • It would have been like nothing else that anyone had seen before in the cityscape

    這將是前所未有的城市景觀。

  • now it still looks impressive. But in those days it would have soared above absolutely everything else in the sea

    現在看來,它仍然令人印象深刻。但在那個年代,它的地位絕對是高高在上的

  • Who built this record-breaking structure as a statement targeted directly at her people

    是誰建造了這個破紀錄的建築,作為直接針對她的人民的聲明。

  • There's so many different things

    有這麼多不同的東西

  • she stands to gain from building a massive pagoda in such a visual space like this

    在這樣的視覺空間裡建造一座巨大的寶塔,她會得到好處的

  • The majority of the population of Chang'an at this time are Buddhists and they will see that she's supporting Buddhism. She's supporting their religion

    這個時候長安的大部分人都是佛教徒,他們會看到,她在支持佛教。她是在支持他們的宗教

  • Wu Zetian ordered the building of new Buddhist temples in every town in her empire

    武則天下令在她的帝國的每一個城鎮都建造新的佛教寺廟。

  • creating allies among the common people of China

    結黨營私

  • And she didn't stop there

    而她並沒有就此罷休

  • 250 miles east of Chang'an in Henan province are the Longmen Grottoes Caves

    龍門石窟

  • Historian Lou Young thinks there may be key to understanding Wu's power

    歷史學家樓陽認為,理解吳的權力可能有關鍵的地方

  • This is a sacred place for Buddhist. The religion and pilgrims have have been coming here for centuries

    這裡是佛教徒的聖地。幾個世紀以來,宗教和朝聖者都會來這裡。

  • But I have been told there is a connection that link and pursue directly to their faith

    但我被告知,有一個連接,鏈接和追求直接到他們的信仰。

  • Members of the elite paid vast sums to carve small caves into this sacred hillside

    精英們花巨資在這神聖的山坡上開鑿小洞窟。

  • There are over 1,400 housing over 100,000 Buddha figures

    有1400多座,容納10萬多尊佛像。

  • The smallest is just an inch tall

    最小的只有一寸高

  • The biggest is an imposing

    最大的是一個氣勢磅礴的

  • 57 feet high

    57英尺高

  • commissioned by Wu Zetian herself and

    受武則天本人委託,並

  • It has a story to tell

    它有一個故事要講

  • Wow, isn't this impressive?

    哇,這是不是很厲害?

  • What a view it is gigantic

    什麼風景,它是巨大的

  • The official name of this Buddha is Vairocana, which is the radiant Buddha of a great Sun

    這尊佛的正式名字叫毘盧遮那,是一尊大日如來的光輝佛。

  • This is basically a universal Buddha

    這基本上是一個普遍的佛

  • Symbolized the the power and indominus of this religion

    象徵著這個宗教的力量和不屈不撓。

  • Wu Zetian wanted to put herself at the heart of buddhism in the eyes of her people

    武則天要把自己放在人民眼中的佛教核心位置上

  • To do this, it's possible

    要做到這一點,可以

  • she took one audacious step and ordered the statue to be carved in her own image

    她大膽地邁出了一步,並下令按照自己的形象雕刻雕像。

  • The legend says that this statue actually is modeled after her face

    傳說這尊雕像其實是以她的面容為藍本的

  • She want to make this a statement of her power

    她想讓這是她的權力宣言

  • This will give her more credibility because this is the age of Buddhism and there's a massive follower of this particular religion and by

    這將給她帶來更多的可信度,因為現在是佛教的時代,這個特殊的宗教有大量的信徒,而且由

  • creating this temple, she basically put herself on the center stage of of not just religious action, but also the society in general

    創立這座寺廟,她基本上把自己放在了中心舞臺上,不僅是宗教行動,而且是整個社會的中心。

  • You know the seeing this with your own eyes is incredible experience

    你知道親眼所見是不可思議的經歷嗎?

  • This is so impressive to me and I think she got what she wanted

    這讓我印象深刻,我想她得到了她想要的。

  • The longmen grottoes and the great goose pagoda

    龍門石窟和大雁塔。

  • suggests that Wu Zetian was a skillful tactician who knew how to use religion to promote her own status and keep her Empire happy

    說明武則天是一個善於利用宗教來提升自己的地位和保持帝國的幸福感的謀士

  • And up river from the giant buddha the series of very recent

    而在巨佛的河上游,一系列最近發生的

  • archaeological discoveries reveal another of the secrets of her success

    考古發現揭示了她成功的另一個祕密。

  • Wow

  • This is spectacular

    這真是太壯觀了

  • Here in Luoyang

    主在洛陽

  • Professor wangju and his team have been excavating giant granaries designed for storing rice

    汪恕教授和他的團隊一直在挖掘用於儲存大米的巨型糧倉。

  • Inscriptions enabled the team to date each granary precisely

    銘文使研究小組能夠精確地確定每個糧倉的年代。

  • Wu Zetian ordered rice from eastern China to be brought here by canal

    武則天命人從中國東部用運河運來大米。

  • stockpiled in these vast grain stores then

    倉廩實而知禮節

  • redistributed in times of need

    災後重建

  • During the early 7th century China suffered prolonged droughts leading to famines

    7世紀初,中國遭遇了長期的乾旱,導致饑荒。

  • But under Wu Zetian,

    但在武則天手下。

  • improvements to the rice stores design were to prove invaluable

    稻米倉庫設計的改進將被證明是非常寶貴的。

  • Wow the massive scale of this granary really testify

    哇,這個糧倉的規模真的很有說服力。

  • The the power and the capability of Empress Wu's regime and and she is a very capable ruler

    武后政權的權力和能力和她是一個非常有能力的統治者。

  • That the grain kept here can last for many years

    在這裡保存的糧食可以保存很多年。

  • So this is not just contributed to the stability of her regime but also for the future of tang dynasty as well

    所以,這不僅僅是為了她的政權穩定,也是為了唐朝的未來。

  • Archeology is revealing that Wu Zetian was an efficient administrator who ensured her people and her soldiers were always fed

    考古發現,武則天是一個高效的管理者,他保證了她的人民和她的阿兵哥總是有飯吃。

  • But despite her successes, as a woman she could never rely on the support of the aristocratic establishment

    但儘管她取得了成功,但作為一個女人,她永遠無法依靠貴族的支持。

  • She needed allies

    她需要盟友

  • So in a radical break with tradition, Wu allowed commoners to join in the administration of her government

    是以,吳氏大刀闊斧地打破傳統,允許平民參與政府的管理

  • She encouraged women to be entrepreneurs and permitted Chinese women to divorce and marry freely for the first time

    她鼓勵女性創業,並首次允許中國女性自由離婚和結婚。

  • But in a moment of breathtaking audacity, she even appointed a female prime minister by the name of Shangguan Wan'er

    但她以驚人的膽量,竟然任命了一位女宰相,名字叫上官婉兒。

  • Harry has been told of evidence professor Zhang's team have found in recent excavations in the Prime Minister's tomb

    哈里已經得知張教授的團隊最近在總理墓的發掘中發現了一些證據。

  • Suggesting her life had a controversial final chapter

    暗示她的人生有一個有爭議的最後一章

  • This is

    這就是

  • Shangguan Wan'er' epitaph I've been waiting since

    上官婉兒的墓誌銘 我一直在等待

  • September of 2013 when this was excavated for a chance to actually see this in person and it's finally happening today

    2013年9月,當這個被挖掘出來的時候,才有機會真正看到這個,今天終於實現了。

  • So I am ecstatic

    所以我很高興

  • This says she had 47 springs and autumns

    這說明她有47個春秋

  • at the time of her death

    臨終時

  • But when Zhang's team found the prime minister's tomb

    但當張氏團隊找到丞相墓的時候

  • It had been purposely destroyed

    它是被故意破壞的

  • And this destruction is key to understanding why the bleak picture of Wu Zetian has been passed on through the centuries

    而這種破壞是理解為什麼武則天的淒涼畫卷能流傳千古的關鍵所在。

  • This was thorough, kind of malicious and intentional destruction that had been done to the tomb

    這是徹底的,那種惡意的,故意破壞陵墓的行為。

  • Shangguan Wan'er's tomb had been dismantled by order of emperors Ruizong, Wu Zetian's sucessor

    上官婉兒的墓已經被武則天的繼承人睿宗下令拆除了

  • Harry believes

    哈利相信

  • there is a direct link between this destruction and the chronicles the tell of Wu's evil and incompetence

    毀人不倦,與《史記》中的吳王夫差有直接的關係

  • Now that I know that Shangguan Wan'er's grave was dismantled

    現在我知道了上官婉兒的墳墓被拆掉了

  • this is part of an intentional process an intentional destruction of

    這是一個有意的過程的一部分 一個有意的破壞。

  • vestiges of female power during the late 7th and early 8th century

    女權主義的殘餘

  • The Confucian patriarchy striking back and re-establishing normative power

    儒家宗法的反擊與規範權力的重建

  • By 690 ad

    690年前廣告

  • Wu Zetian had ascended the throne to become the first female emperor ever to rule the Chinese Empire

    武則天登基,成為中華帝國有史以來第一位女皇帝。

  • But her opponents were determined to unseat her

    但她的對手決心要推翻她的地位

  • She had annihilated many many of her enemies

    她已經消滅了很多很多的敵人。

  • but where there's power there are always rivals and

    但強者恆強,弱者恆弱。

  • There's always a contest

    總有一場比賽

  • Although there is clearly more to Wu Zetian than the ancient writers led us to believe

    雖然武則天的事蹟顯然比古人讓我們相信的要多得多

  • There's also emerge that some of the tales of her callousness were not just propaganda

    也出現了一些關於她冷酷無情的故事 並非只是宣傳而已

  • Art historian, Dr. Jenny Liu has discovered new texts in the tomb of Wu's

    美術史學家劉珍妮博士在吳氏墓中發現了新的文字。

  • great granddaughter princess Yongtai that suggests even blood knew no mercy

    永泰公主

  • I've studied other princess' epitaph as well

    我也研究過其他公主的墓誌銘呢

  • And this is a passage here, which I've never seen. You have the character for anger. Okay, and

    這裡面有一段話,我從來沒有見過。你有憤怒的性格。好,還有

  • anger at the

    怒於

  • The two

    這兩個

  • boys

    男孩

  • and their secret medicine

    和他們的祕方

  • So this passage tells you what happened to princess Yongtai. These are characters that are usually used for

    所以這段話告訴你永泰公主的遭遇。這幾個字,通常用於

  • the

  • miscarriage or the loss of a child

    流產或喪子之痛

  • and

  • It is the Zhang brothers secret medicine or poison that made her miscarriage leading to her death

    是張氏兄弟的祕藥或毒藥讓她流產而死的

  • This refers to Wu Zetian because it's very possible that

    這指的是武則天,因為很有可能。

  • she was the instigator of the poison that Zhang brothers were very close to her and they did her bidding and she was known to

    她是毒藥的始作俑者,張氏兄弟與她關係密切,他們對她言聽計從,而她也是眾所周知的。

  • have pitted people against each other in court and she would cause one to poison or kill the other and

    在法庭上把人對立起來,她會讓一個人下毒或殺死另一個人,然後......。

  • She did this with officials and now it seems maybe she did it with her

    她對官員這樣做,現在看來,也許她對她的。

  • relations her kin.

    關係她的親屬。

  • What was the motive? Why? Why does she want the princess dead?

    動機是什麼?為什麼要這樣做?她為什麼要公主死?

  • She was bearing the child of two of the strongest clans in contention for the throne and

    她懷著兩個爭奪王位的最強家族的孩子,並且

  • it might be possible that she did not want this child to be born no matter the gender

    有可能她不希望這個孩子出生,不管他的性別如何

  • It would have been a very dangerous thing to get in the way of Wu Zetian

    擋在武則天面前,本來就是一件非常危險的事情。

  • As emperor of China Wu Zetian had successfully fought off all rivals to hold on to power

    武則天作為中國的皇帝,成功地打倒了所有的對手,掌握了政權。

  • But the fight had been bloody

    但這場戰鬥是血腥的

  • Wu Zetian became incredibly ruthless

    武則天變得無比的狠辣。

  • She had hundreds of members of the ruling family executed

    她處死了數百名當權者家族成員。

  • The violence and reign of terror you could say was extreme

    暴力和恐怖統治,你可以說是極端的。

  • But she was not without a conscience

    但她並非沒有良心

  • She was very troubled by what she'd done

    她對自己的所作所為感到非常不安。

  • With her mind turning towards her afterlife, Wu wanted forgiveness of her sins

    吳曉波的心思轉向了來世,她希望自己的罪過得到寬恕。

  • She wrote a confession and

    她寫了一份懺悔書和

  • had it engraved onto a golden tablet and had that tablet taken to a holy place to perform a sacred ritual

    把它刻在一塊金字牌上,然後把那塊牌子帶到一個神聖的地方進行神聖的儀式。

  • So here we are on Mount Song

    所以我們在嵩山上

  • It's the central of the five sacred peaks of ancient China and it became a very important place in Wu Zetian's later life

    它是中國古代五大神峰的中心,成為武則天晚年生活中非常重要的地方

  • In the year 700, Wu Zetian came to this mountain

    700年,武則天來到這座山中

  • She had a golden tablet made on which she inscribes her sins

    她做了一塊金字牌,上面寫著她的罪過。

  • Which was then cast down the mountain as a as a form of absolution

    然後被扔下山,作為一種赦免的形式。

  • And we know precisely what that gold tablet said because nearly

    我們知道那塊金字牌上寫的是什麼,因為幾乎是...

  • 1300 years later a farmer found it lying in the earth on the mountain slopes

    1300年後,一個農民在山坡上發現了它躺在土裡。

  • Its description was short but its message profound

    它的描述很短,但它的資訊很深刻

  • And said

    並說

  • The ruler Wu Zhao admires the true doubt with its long-lived immortal spirits

    執政者吳昭佩服真疑,有長生不老之靈。

  • Her servant has been commissioned to go reverently to the pinnacle of the central peak of Mount Song and cast the golden tally that

    她的僕人已經受命,虔誠地前往嵩山中央峰頂,投下金榜題名。

  • might expiate her sinful nature

    贖罪

  • What you can tell by the fact she's throwing away this tablet in such a visible fashion is that she's really trying to demonstrate

    從她以如此明顯的方式扔掉這塊平板電腦可以看出,她是真的想展示一下

  • To other people that she was repentant

    對別人說她已經悔改了

  • It's a very visible

    這是一個非常明顯的

  • ceremonial thing it's it's saying I have sinned and I wish to be absolved of these sins and

    儀式性的東西,它的意思是說我犯了罪,我希望被免除這些罪,並。

  • And whether she actually believed that was the case or not

    不管她是否真的相信那是事實

  • I think is is less important than the impression it would create to other people

    我覺得比起給別人留下的印象,這一點並不重要。

  • The end of Wu Zetian's reign had become fraught with scheming and rebellion among the male nobility at her court

    武則天統治末期,她的宮廷男性貴族中充滿了陰謀詭計和反叛情緒

  • The higher she goes she becomes a tall poppy she becomes a bigger target

    她越往高處走就越是高大的罌粟她就越是大的目標。

  • Jonathan has come to a remote location in the foothills of Mount Song that Wu retreated to in her last year's

    喬納森來到了松山腳下的一個偏僻的地方,這也是吳曉波在去年的時候退役的地方。

  • It's awesome

    好厲害啊

  • I've wanted to come here for a long time

    我早就想來這裡了。

  • This is quite special

    這是很特別的

  • This is the Songyue pagoda it's

    這就是松月塔,它是。

  • Important Wu Zetian's life because she's to come here to worship

    武則天的命很重要,因為她要來這裡拜師了

  • It's 1,500 years old not only is it still standing, it still looks pretty good

    它已經有1500年的歷史了 不僅僅是屹立不倒,而且看起來還很好

  • So

    所以

  • Wu Zetian would have come into this probably into this very building because this is the original structure from 1500 years ago

    武則天會進這個可能就是進這個建築,因為這是1500年前的原始建築。

  • I've never seen anything like this before. This is a phenomenal building

    我從來沒有見過這樣的事情。這是一個驚人的建築

  • You can feel why Wu Zetian would want to come here

    你可以感覺到武則天為什麼要來這裡了

  • I mean Chang'an at this time is politically very difficult and she wants to come here to just escape all that

    我的意思是,長安在這個時候是政治上非常困難的,她想來這裡只是為了逃避所有的一切

  • It's it's a place of safety and refuge

    這是... ...這是一個安全和避難的地方

  • Throughout her life Wu' Zetian had shattered Confucian tradition

    武則天一生打破了儒家的傳統觀念

  • Rising from a lowly concubine to become the only female Emperor of China

    從一個卑微的嬪妃,成為中國唯一的女皇帝。

  • She had achieved much

    她已經取得了很多成就

  • She made China a better place for women,

    她讓中國成為了一個更適合女性的地方。

  • the Empire wealthy,

    帝國的財富。

  • peaceful, her capital city

    平安,她的首都

  • vibrant and cosmopolitan and her population fed and free to practice their religion

    充滿活力的國際大都市,她的人民有飯吃,可以自由地信奉他們的宗教。

  • But the male establishment was closing in and the She Emperor was too old to fight back

    但男性的建制正在逼近,而畲族皇帝年事已高,無力反擊了

  • When Wu Zetian's rule came to an end she was 80

    武則天統治結束的時候,她已經80歲了。

  • In fact, she wasn't usurped

    其實,她並沒有被篡奪

  • she

  • abdicated so

    退位

  • She was still maintaining her own sense of control

    她還在保持自己的控制感

  • She lived for a few more months and she went quietly her time had come

    她又活了幾個月,她悄悄地走了,她的時間到了。

  • Emperor Wu Zetian died in 705

    武則天

  • This is Qianling the Tang dynasty mausoleum complex her final resting place

    這裡是唐代乾陵陵園 她最後的安息地

  • She's buried in a secret chamber

    她被埋在一個密室裡

  • Deep inside the mountain alongside the Emperor she succeeded, her husband Gaozong

    在她所繼承的皇帝身邊的深山裡,她的丈夫高宗。

  • We're on the spiritual path

    我們正走在精神的道路上

  • Walking toward Wu Zetian's tomb

    向武則天墓走去。

  • It's impressive. It's daunting its powerful

    這是令人印象深刻的。它的強大讓人望而生畏

  • The area that it covers is almost the same as the Daming Palace. So it's a huge area

    它所覆蓋的面積幾乎和大明宮一樣。所以,它的面積很大

  • The path to Wu Zetian's tomb is protected by Imperial bodyguards and sculptures to ward off evil spirits

    通往武則天陵墓的道路有御用保鏢和辟邪雕塑保護著

  • Beside the Gateway entrance the two sets of foreign emissaries lined up to pay homage

    閘口旁,兩撥外國使者列隊拜見。

  • Being here is a really awesome experience

    在這裡真的很爽

  • It's so impressive. Wu Zetian may have held power for more than half a century

    太厲害了。武則天可能掌握了半個多世紀的權力。

  • but in this place really her spirit and her sense of majesty and

    但在這個地方,真正的她的精神和她的威嚴感和

  • authority and power has lived on for many centuries

    威權千秋

  • Standing along Qianling is the carved steely honoring Wu Zetian's resting place

    矗立在乾陵一帶的是紀念武則天安息的石碑

  • By her decree, it was left blank inviting historians to write of her achievements and

    根據她的法令,它是空白的,邀請歷史學家來寫她的成就和。

  • they did so

    他們這樣做

  • distorting her story for centuries

    千古奇冤

  • But having discovered more about her life, what would today's experts now carve upon the stand

    但在發現了更多關於她的生平後,今天的專家們又會在支架上刻下什麼呢?

  • I would write something along the lines of she was woman who did what she had to to stay in power

    我會寫一些類似於她是個女人 為了保持權力而不擇手段的東西。

  • She was a great leader. She had a lot of political acumen

    她是一個偉大的領袖。她有很多的政治智慧

  • But most of all I'd say she was the woman that proved that in a man's world. You didn't need a man to lead it

    但最重要的是,我想說她是一個女人,證明了在男人的世界裡。你不需要一個男人來上司它。

  • The one word that I would put is just maverick because of the way that she went about gaining power

    我想說的一個詞就是特立獨行,因為她獲得權力的方式。

  • I'd write nothing for her entire

    我不會為她寫任何東西

  • Idiosyncratic

    異質性

  • unprecedented political career

    前無古人,後無來者

  • Defied labels and for thirteen hundred years. She's defied historical verdict

    不顧標籤,一千三百年來。她無視歷史的判決

  • I think that the the blankness of the steely is a perfect monument

    我想,那一片空白的堅硬是一個完美的紀念碑。

In China's Valley of the Kings there stands a tall carved stone

在中國的王者之谷,矗立著一座高大的石雕。

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