It marks the tomb of a woman who rose from lowly concubine to become emperor of China

是一個從卑微的嬪妃晉升為皇帝的女人的墓。

The only woman to dare claim that title

唯一一個敢於稱霸的女人

But China's female Emperor has gone down in history as a controversial and deeply divisive ruler

但是，中國的女皇帝作為一個有爭議的、分裂嚴重的統治者，已經載入史冊。

To have a woman with such power

有一個女人有這樣的權力

really threatened the establishment

威風凜凜

Not only did Wu Zetian rock the boat in some ways. She overturned it

武則天不僅在某些方面搖身一變。她把它推翻了

It would have been a very dangerous thing to get in the way of Wu Zetian

擋在武則天面前，本來就是一件非常危險的事情。

Since her death 1,300 years ago wu zetian has been remembered as a callous tyrant who brought calamity to china

自1300年前武則天死後，人們就把她當作一個給中國帶來災難的冷酷無情的暴君來看待。

But now

但現在

Extraordinary new discoveries are revealing a very different picture of her reign from ancient tombstones

非凡的新發現從古墓碑上揭示了一幅與她的統治截然不同的畫面。

I've been waiting since this was excavated. I am ecstatic

自從這東西被挖掘出來，我就一直在等待。我很高興

to Buddhist temples

寺廟

I honestly wasn't expecting that that is really exciting seeing this with your eyes is incredible experience

說實話，我真的沒有想到，這真的很令人興奮 看到這個與你的眼睛是不可思議的經驗

Lost treasures have even more fantastic than I thought it would be

失落的寶藏比我想象中的還要奇妙。

Now for the first time experts are discovering how one woman managed to rule all the Imperial China

現在，專家們首次發現了一個女人是如何統治整個中國的。

And whether Wu Zetian really was an evil dictator or one of the most misunderstood leaders in history

而武則天到底是一個邪惡的獨裁者，還是歷史上最被誤解的領導人之一？

The only female emperor in China's 2,000 years of Imperial history was named Wu Zetian

中國兩千年帝國曆史上唯一的女皇帝叫武則天

move the celestial

驚天動地

She first entered court in 637 ad as a 13 year old concubine

她第一次進宮是在公元637年，當時她還是一個13歲的小妾。

Part of the hareem of mistresses serving emperor Taizong of the Tang dynasty

妃子樓

Tang Taizong had more than a hundred concubines by repute. She was beautiful. She was charming. She was entertaining

唐太宗有一百多個有名望的妃子。她很美她很有魅力她是娛樂的

She also had a real zest for life

她對生活也很有熱情

Concubine Wu soon got herself noticed

吳妃很快就被發現了

When she entered the palace

當她進宮後

She quickly gained favour of this emperor and her relationship of become closer and with the rise her of her influence at court

她很快就獲得了這個皇帝的青睞和她的關係變得更加緊密，並與她的崛起她的影響力在法院

and

和

She proved to be politically very very skilful and she's very shrewd

她證明了她在政治上非常非常嫻熟，她非常精明

When the old Emperor died Wu Zetian became at first concubine to his son Gaozong

老皇帝死後，武則天初為其子高宗的妃子

Then in 655 he made her his Empress

655年，他立她為皇后。

But emperor gaozong was a sickly man

但高宗皇帝是個病秧子

And gradually Wu became the real power behind the throne

漸漸地吳國成為了王位背後的真正力量

Until in 690 with her husband dead Wu Zetian stepped from the shadows and declared herself Emperor

直到690年，丈夫死了，武則天從陰影中走出來，自稱皇帝。

Yet China's ancient chroniclers were scathing in their accounts of her rise to power

然而，中國古代的史學家對她的崛起卻有嚴厲的描述。

History tells us a really dark and bleak picture about Empress Wu

歷史告訴我們，武后的形象真的很黑暗，很淒涼。

One of the most brutal stories we have is that she killed her own child just to frame the previous Empress and

我們最殘忍的一個故事是，她殺了自己的孩子，只是為了陷害之前的皇后和。

gain station at court

掖庭

We're also told that Wu Zhao had her two

我們還聽說，吳釗有她的兩個。

Rivals legs and arms cut off and then dip them in a vat of wine and let them slowly bleed to death

把對手的腿和胳膊砍下來，然後浸在酒缸裡，讓他們慢慢流血而死。

So this paints a picture of a devious

是以，這描繪了一個狡猾的畫面。

manipulating

操縱

calculating

計算

self-serving and absolutely ruthless Virago

自私自利，絕對無情的維拉戈。

hell-bent on power

恃強凌弱

Even after she claimed the throne we're told Wu Zetian was ruthless in her reign

即使在她登基之後 我們也知道武則天在位時是很殘酷的

This is the tomb of Wu Zetian's second son Li Xian. He was a threat to his mother

這是武則天次子李賢的墓。他對他母親有威脅

Li Xian was accused of treason and he was exiled to the most remote

李顯被控謀反，他被流放到最偏遠的地方。

corner of the Chinese Empire locked in a room and

在中華帝國的一角，被關在房間裡，並

forced to commit suicide by poisoning

逼死

So this is a mother killing her own son so that she can hold on to power

所以這是一個母親為了掌握權力而殺死自己的兒子

Wu Zetian led China for nearly 50 years

武則天帶領中國走過了近50年的歷程

According to legend she was a tyrant whose reign brought disaster to the Empire

傳說她是一個暴君，她的統治給帝國帶來了災難。

Now archaeologists run earthing new evidence the challenges this version of Wu's story

現在，考古學家們找到了新的證據來挑戰這個版本的吳宇森的故事。

The professor Zhang Jianlin is the world's leading archaeologists to the tang era

張建林教授是世界上最頂尖的考古學家，對唐代

Today the city of Xian has grown to encompass old Chang'an, Wu's capital

如今的西安城已經發展到囊括了吳國首都老長安。

The population of 12 million Xian is rapidly expanding

1200萬西安人口迅速膨脹

It's also home to professor Zhang's conservation facility

這裡也是張教授保護設施的所在地。

Historian dr. Harry Rothschild has heard about some intriguing recent finds that date to Wu's rein. Whoa

歷史學家Harry Rothschild博士聽說了一些有趣的最新發現，這些發現可以追溯到吳的統治時期。哇哦

It's amazing seeing all these Tang artifacts

看到這些唐代的文物，真是太神奇了。

I've been studying Wu Zhao, Wu Zetian for 17 years and finally here

我學了17年的武昭、武則天，終於在這裡了

We are at Ground Zero you can sense her everywhere here in Chang'an

我們現在是在零點，你在長安到處都能感覺到她的存在

The figurines show life in Wu's capital the musicians traders and nobles buried with the dead to ensure a comfortable

俑表現了吳國首都的生活 樂師商人和貴族與死者合葬，以確保舒適的

afterlife

來世

but there's also something unexpected here a

但也有意外之處

first clue to what Wu's China was really like

初識吳冠中

So we're looking at an unprecedented boost for the position of women

所以，我們看到的是婦女地位的空前提升。

you're talking about a female Emperor here after all and and so that

你說的畢竟是女皇帝，所以... ...

Translated directly in this sort of greater opportunity and greater freedom for women in the late 7th in early 8th century

直接翻譯成這種7世紀末8世紀初婦女的更大機會和更大自由。

It seems like there may be more to Wu Zetian that meets the eye

看來，武則天可能還有更多的不為人知的地方。

Ancient chroniclers denigrated her reign

古代史學家對她的統治進行了詆譭。

But many recent tomb discoveries like the women in men's clothing hinted a rather different story

但最近許多墓葬的發現，比如穿男人衣服的女人，暗示了一個相當不同的故事。

Professor Tonia Eckfeld is an expert on Tang era tombs

冬妮婭-艾克菲爾德教授是唐代墓葬專家。

She's on her way to see one of the most amazing archaeological finds in all Chinese history

她正在去看中國歷史上最驚人的考古發現之一的路上。

It's amazing it's even more fantastic than I thought it would be

太神奇了 比我想象中的還要神奇呢

This is the fabled Phoenix crown of ancient China a

這就是中國古代傳說中的鳳冠

long-lost treasure from the Tang era

遺寶

written about in ancient texts, but never seen

古籍中記載，但從未見過

until now

到現在

This priceless headdress is held under lock and key and can only be viewed by special appointment

這個無價的頭飾被鎖住了，只能通過特別預約才能看到。

Tonia believes that is a vital clue to the truth about Wu Zetian's China

佟麗婭認為，這是瞭解武則天中國真相的重要線索。

There's an enormous amount to investigate in this piece

這塊有大量的內容需要調查。

Looking closely the metal work is filigree, and there's a lot of granulation

仔細看金屬工藝是花絲，而且有很多顆粒狀的東西

Granulation consists of tiny little beads of gold

粒狀物由微小的金珠組成

The whole crown is like a peacock displaying its tail

整個王冠就像孔雀展示尾巴一般

There are very very fine flowers made of mother-of-pearl and pearl. There are even fine bunches of grapes made of Chinese glass

有非常非常精美的珍珠母貝和珍珠製成的花。甚至還有用中國玻璃製成的精美葡萄串。

So really what we see here is something

所以我們在這裡看到的其實是

cosmopolitan and something rich

大都市和豐富的東西

something fashionable full of

洋氣

luxury items not only in the making of it, but also in the imagery involved

奢侈品不僅在製作過程中，而且在涉及到的意象中。

Professors Jung's team found the Phoenix crown in a grave that was already in exceptional find, a tomb that had never been raided

鄭教授的團隊在一個已經有特殊發現的墓穴中發現了鳳冠，這是一個從未被盜過的墓穴

Inside was a skeleton and on the skull the beehive hairstyle

裡面是一具骷髏頭，頭骨上是蜂巢的髮型

studded with jewels

琳琅滿目

The skeleton was of a young woman named Li Chui a minor descendant of the Tang royal family

遺骨是一個叫李翠的年輕女子... ...是唐朝皇室的一個小後裔。

For 18 months the team carefully picked out every single jewel and stone

在18個月的時間裡，團隊精心挑選了每一顆寶石和石頭。

Slowly piecing together the headdress to reveal its true glory

慢慢地拼湊著頭飾，露出它的真容。

But when they used x-ray chromatography to discover where the different jewels and stones came from they were in for a surprise

但當他們用X射線色譜法發現不同珠寶和寶石的來源時，他們大吃一驚。

The headdress has carnelian from Uzbekistan

頭飾上有來自烏茲別克斯坦的紅玉髓

2,900 miles to the west of Chang'an, garnet from India 3,000 miles southwest

長安西二千九百里，西南三千里印度石榴石。

Amber from Iran 4,000 miles away and ivory from Sri Lanka

琥珀來自4000英里外的伊朗，象牙來自斯里蘭卡。

4500 miles from Wu's capital

距吳國首都4500裡

The crown gives us clues about Wu Zetian's society. Life was rich. There's a lot of luxury

王冠給我們提供了武則天社會的線索。生活很豐富。有很多奢華的東西

It was a real high point in the arts

那是一個真正的藝術高峰

What we can see here is the embodiment of all of the wealth and all of the treasure that the Tang court could attract

我們在這裡可以看到的是唐朝廷能夠吸引的所有財富和所有寶藏的體現。

Li Chui wasn't even a princess if she was buried wearing this priceless headdress

如果李翠戴著這個無價的頭飾下葬，她連公主都算不上了

Clear evidence of the extraordinary wealth of China at the time

清晰地證明了當時中國的非凡財富

Her tomb holds one final secret

她的墳墓裡有一個最後的祕密

She was buried with the Jade silkworm in her hand

她手握玉蠶被埋葬了

Another clue that reveals Wu's ambitions to make her China the wealthiest empire in the world

又是一條線索，揭示了吳老的野心，讓她的中國成為世界上最富有的帝國。

In seventh century China a woman named Wu Zetian rose from lonely concubine to Empress

在七世紀的中國，有一個叫武則天的女人，從孤獨的妃子升為皇后。

With her husband, the Emperor's sick. She ruled the Empire in all but name

與她的丈夫，皇帝的病。除了名義上的統治，她還統治著整個帝國

Ancient chroniclers dismissed her reign as a time of calamity

古代史家將她的統治視為災荒時期

But today's experts think the truth may be very different

但今天的專家認為真相可能大相徑庭。

In a tomb 50 miles northwest of wu's capital city, Chang'an

在吳國都城長安西北五十里的一座墓中

Tonia Eckfeld is investigating murals that provide strong evidence of Wu's influence and power

冬妮婭-埃克菲爾德正在調查壁畫，這些壁畫提供了吳的影響力和權力的有力證據。

Here we can see a mural of foreign ambassadors coming to court

在這裡，我們可以看到一幅外國使節上朝的壁畫。

Ambassadors came from far and wide in this mural we can see a Mongolian a Korean and a townshend monk

在這幅壁畫中，我們可以看到一個蒙古人、一個朝鮮人和一個和尚，他們來自四面八方。

perhaps from Rome or Syria

興許是羅馬或敘利亞人

There's a man from Xinjian from Greece and from Persia

有一個從希臘來的辛吉安人，還有一個從波斯來的人

It's interesting because we can see that the The Ambassadors are in

這很有趣，因為我們可以看到，"大使 "們在。

quite subservient positions their hands are clasped before them and

相當順從的姿勢，他們的手被扣在他們面前，並。

Seem quite in awe of the situation

似乎很敬畏這種情況

The mural suggests that Wu Zetian was a respected international leader of her time

這幅壁畫表明，武則天是當時受人尊敬的國際領袖。

I think Wu Zetian was a consummate politician

我覺得武則天是一個很好的政治家呢

she saw advantage in the use of

她看到了在使用中的優勢

diplomacy rather than warfare and led the society that was quite open and open to foreigners

外交而非戰爭，並上司了一個相當開放的社會，對外國人開放

Many foreigners at high level beat a path to her door

很多高層次的外國人都給她打了一條路過來

Recent research suggests that there were 25,000 foreigners living in Wu's Chang'an

最近的研究表明，吳國長安有2.5萬名外國人居住。

Many were traders and more than anything, they were after one Chinese product.

很多人都是商人，他們更多的是在追求一種中國產品。

Since the 4th millennium BC China had produced the finest quality silk

自公元前四千年以來，中國已經生產出了最優質的絲綢

By Wu's era the demand for Chinese silk had made it as valuable as gold

到了吳國時代，對中國絲綢的需求已經使其變得像黃金一樣珍貴。

The ancient trade routes of the Silk Road began in Chang'an spreading east and west linking China to other nations

古代絲綢之路從長安開始，向東、向西傳播，將中國與其他國家聯繫起來

But by the mid 7th century bandits and robbers threatened to stop trade in its tracks

但到了7世紀中葉，土匪和強盜威脅到了貿易的發展。

new discoveries reveal Wu Zetian's master strain

新發現揭示了武則天的母株

She built military outposts far into Central Asia securing safe passage all along the Silk routes

她在中亞地區建立了軍事前哨，確保絲綢之路沿線的安全通道。

Harry Rothschild has come to the very start of the Silk Road in Chang'an to find the latest archaeological evidence of trade in Wu's capital

哈里-羅斯柴爾德來到絲綢之路的起點長安，在吳國首都尋找最新的貿易考古證據。

This is incredible. We've been allowed to come right down here into the Western market

這真是不可思議。我們已經被允許來到這裡 進入西方市場。

We're standing right on the edge of the canal

我們就站在運河邊上。

looking right across into this square where you had all of these stalls arrayed where rows of iron mongers and butchers and

在這個廣場的對面，你可以看到所有這些攤位排列在那裡，一排排的鐵匠，屠夫和...

tanner's and

皮匠的和

silversmiths, goldsmith's, calligraphy brush salesmen would be arrayed where you could find anything under the Sun

銀匠、金匠、賣毛筆的都會擺在那裡，在那裡你可以找到太陽底下的任何東西

If you get down closely here you can see

如果你靠近這裡，你可以看到

Ruts that have been left in in the earth

泥土中留下的車轍

From the carts that went over this bridge you really feel the ambience of the Western market

從這橋上走過的小車，你真的感受到了西市的氛圍。

In Wu Zetian's Chang'an, the east and west markets marked the start of the silk road

在武則天的長安，東、西市場標誌著絲綢之路的開始

In the West market goods from lands to the west of Chang'an were bought and sold

在西市，長安以西的土地上的貨物被買賣。

Silk Road trade not only made Wu's Empire wealthy it brought so many

絲綢之路的貿易不僅讓吳國變得富有，還為吳國帶來了眾多的財富

foreigners to China that her capital became one of the first truly

中國的外國人，使她的首都成為第一批真正意義上的中國人。

cosmopolitan cities in the world. People from all across the world traveled to China and many chose to stay

世界上的國際大都市。來自世界各地的人們到中國旅遊，很多人選擇了在中國停留。

And this multicultural influence can still be felt in present day Xi'an

而這種多元文化的影響，在現在的西安依然可以感受到。

We are walking along the Huimin street the Chinese Muslims street on the very heart of old

我們走在回民街，中國穆斯林街，在老城區的中心地帶

Tang China and it is bustling it is vibrant. It is full of energy

唐中國，它是繁華的它是充滿活力的。它充滿了活力

As you see by the milling bustle going on behind me now

就像你看到我身後的喧囂一樣。

I think these are sugared figs or dried figs here

我想這些是無花果或者無花果乾吧

these came from along the Silk Road from from Persia

這些東西來自絲綢之路沿線的波斯

So this is a kind of wheat kernel candy

所以，這是一種麥仁糖。

and he's pulling this taffy then afterwards they'll take the taffy and they'll

他拉著這個塔夫餅 然後他們會拿著這個塔夫餅，然後他們將

Roll it out with pumpkin seeds or with sesame seeds and then turn it into this hard candy

用南瓜籽或用芝麻捲起來，然後把它變成這種硬糖。

The sesame came from Persia and the Middle East along the Silk Road

芝麻來自波斯和中東的絲綢之路沿線。

So this is this is sort of the fruit of something that was trafficked thirteen hundred years ago during Wu Zetian's time

所以這個就是這個算是1300年前武則天時代販賣的東西的果實了。

It is good. I think in terms of the

這是好的。我認為從

multiculturalism the vibrance the bustle the energy just the constant commercial buzz

多元文化的活力、喧囂、能量，只是不斷的商業喧囂。

You have a great sense of what was going on during the time

你對這段時間發生的事情有很好的感覺。

By 662 with her husband the Emperor ill Empress Wu Zetian was an effective control of the whole Chinese Empire

662年與她的丈夫武則天病後有效控制了整個中華帝國。

Trade had brought wealth and luxury

貿易帶來了財富和奢侈品

Evident from the valuable artifacts that have been found and Wu wanted to flaunt this to the rest of the world

從已經發現的珍貴文物可以看出，吳曉波想向全世界炫耀這一點

To do this she planned the expansion of the Imperial Palace on a scale never seen before

為此，她計劃對皇宮進行規模空前的擴建。

When archaeologists first uncovered the foundations they were amazed by what they found

當考古學家第一次發現這些地基時，他們被他們發現的東西驚呆了

This is one of the huge gated entrances rebuilt to scale on those very foundations

這就是在這些地基上按比例重建的巨大門洞之一

This is Danfeng Gate the southern gate of Daming palace

這是大明宮的南門丹鳳門

Just looking up at it it conjures a sense of awe

光是看著它，就能讓人產生敬畏之心。

For me

對我來說

It's a statement

這是一個聲明

It provides a sense of Imperial grandeur

它給人一種皇室氣派的感覺

It makes any one sort of standing before the gate feel a sense of their own smallness and insignificance

這讓任何一種站在門前的人都會感到自己的渺小和渺小。

Wu Zetian's Daming Palace was the largest in the world

武則天的大明宮是世界上最大的宮殿

Completed in just three years the scale of the complex outshone anything anyone had ever seen

僅僅用了三年時間就完成了這個建築群，其規模超過了任何人所見過的任何東西。

Look at the size of Daming Palace

看看大明宮的規模

This is twice as big as old pompeii

這是舊龐貝城的兩倍大小

It's five times bigger than the Forbidden City of the Ming and Qing Dynasty Emperor's it's twenty-two times the size of the Acropolis

它比明清兩代皇帝的紫禁城大五倍 它是雅典衛城的二十二倍。

The scope the grand juror. It's it's absolutely staggering.

大陪審員的範圍。這是... ...這絕對是驚人的。

You can read about it

您可以閱讀一下

but you don't really appreciate that magnitude until you step out on this balcony and you look out at this vista

但你不會真正體會到那份偉大，直到你走到這個陽臺上，你看著這幅美景

There are archery grounds. There are polo grounds, cockfighting arenas,

有射箭場。有馬球場、鬥雞場。

places for drama troops to practice and that's just the beginning. There are three or four more palaces beyond that

戲劇部隊練習的地方，這還只是開始。除此之外，還有三四座宮殿

Emissaries coming from foreign countries would come in with their jaws dropping with just a sort of starry-eyed

從外國來的使者進來時，下巴都要掉下來了，只有一種星光燦爛的感覺。

wonder and they would feel like they were looking at a celestial world a paradise on earth.

驚奇，他們會覺得自己是在看一個天上的世界，一個人間的天堂。

I do think that was about imposing her power with the majesty and size of Daming Palace

我倒是覺得，那是以大明宮的威嚴和規模，來彰顯她的權勢的

But Harry thinks this place is unusual in more than just its extreme size

但哈利認為這個地方的不尋常之處不僅僅在於它的極端規模。

Chang'an when it was first designed was the model of perfect Imperial symmetry

長安在設計之初就是完美的帝國對稱的典範。

The old Imperial Palace was in the north central position within the Tang capital Chang'an. This new Daming Palace