Name: 為什麼這麼多中國學生到美國留學？ (Why So Many Chinese Students Come to America)
Uploaded: 2019-09-13T04:31:17.000Z
Duration: 13 min 18 s

基礎被動語態

Use the link in the description to watch my course or thousands of others with a free

使用描述中的鏈接觀看我的課程或其他數千人的免費課程。

In 2018, the U.S. imported $540 billion worth of goods from China, but exported only 120.

2018年，美國從中國進口了價值5400億美元的商品，但只出口了120。

In response, President Trump imposed tariffs, immediately shaking the Chinese, American,

對此，美國總統特朗普徵收關稅，立即震動了中國、美國。

But while the trade war defines today's economy, another deficit will decide tomorrow's.

但雖然貿易戰決定了今天的經濟，但另一個赤字將決定明天的經濟。

In the 2017-18 school year, 363,000 Chinese students came to study in the U.S., while

2017-18學年，有36.3萬名中國學生來美留學，而

This, on the surface, isn't all that surprising.

這一點，從表面上看，並不是很奇怪。

What's weird - really weird - is how fast it happened.

最奇怪的--真的很奇怪--是它發生得太快了。

All of a sudden, starting in 2007, Chinese students in the U.S. absolutely exploded,

突然間，從2007年開始，在美國的中國學生絕對爆發了。

accounting for 93% of all international student growth in the last decade.

佔過去十年所有國際學生增長的93%。

More students come from China to America than the next six countries combined, including

從中國到美國的學生比接下來六個國家的總和還要多，包括

India, despite having almost the same size population.

印度儘管人口數量幾乎相同，但。

And is the U.S. right to worry about incoming spies?

而美國對來犯間諜的擔心是否正確？

The answer has less to do with academics and more with economics, complex social dynamics,

答案與學術無關，更多的是與經濟學、複雜的社會動態有關。

On June 7th, Chinese cities become… eerily quiet.

6月7日，中國的城市變得......詭異的安靜。

Traffic is as busy as ever but no horns are honking, stress is collectively unusually

交通一如既往的繁忙，但沒有喇叭聲，壓力集體異常的

high, free water bottles are handed out, and drones watch overhead.

高，免費派發水壺，無人機在上空觀察。

Today, tomorrow, and sometimes, on a third day, 10 million students across China take

今天、明天，有時甚至是第三天，全中國有1000萬學生參加了

the National Higher Education Entrance Exam, aka the Gaokao, aka, the most important nine

聯考，又名聯考，又名，重中之重的九門。

The test covers Chinese language and literature, math, foreign language (usually English),

考試內容包括漢語言文學、數學、外語（一般為英語）。

and a choice of social or natural science.

The top roughly 7-million scorers are admitted to college, and a select few are offered places

頂尖的約700萬名考生被大學錄取，少數人被錄取。

in the C9 - mainland China's equivalent to the Ivy-League.

在C9--中國大陸相當於常春藤聯盟。

But unlike the SAT, AP, or IB, Gaokao scores are really the only factor in Chinese college

但與SAT、AP、IB不同，聯考成績確實是中國大學的唯一因素

The first 18 years of your life, therefore, are dedicated to preparation.

是以，你人生的前18年，是專門用來準備的。

Leading up to the big test, parents burn incense, pray, and book hotels near the exam to avoid

大考前，家長們燒香、祈禱、預訂考試附近的酒店，以避開

Some, known as “Gaokao migrants”, travel to other provinces with higher admissions

有的被稱為 "聯考移民"，到其他錄取率較高的省份旅遊

quotas in hopes of having a slight advantage.

When the day finally comes, provincial governments order quiet streets for concentration and

當這一天終於到來的時候，省委省政府命令安靜的街道進行集中和

Supporters of the Gaokao say it levels the playing field - creating a meritocracy wherein

支持聯考的人說，聯考為我們創造了一個公平的競爭環境，創造了一個任人唯賢的環境。

any student, from any geographic or socioeconomic part of China has the same opportunity for

任何來自中國任何地域或社會經濟部分的學生，都有同樣的機會獲得以下服務。

Critics, in turn, argue a level playing field is only ever an illusion - that success is

批評者則認為，公平的競爭環境永遠只是一種假象--成功是一種假象。

handed to those with families wealthy enough to afford private tutors.

遞給那些家庭富裕，能夠負擔得起私人家教的人。

Like continued middle-class growth, the national exam is both a practical and political tool

和中產階級的持續增長一樣，國考既是實用工具，也是政治工具

for maintaining stability - shifting questions of who has power and who is entitled to riches

轉變誰擁有權力和誰有權獲得財富的問題；

The extreme, sometimes insurmountable stress, they say, doesn't even produce good citizens

他們說，這種極端的、有時是不可逾越的壓力，甚至不能培養出好的公民

While Chinese students rank very highly in math and science, they're often seen as

雖然中國學生在數學和科學方面的排名非常高，但他們往往被視為

lacking in other skills like creative and critical thinking, a side effect of their

缺乏其他技能，如創造性和批判性思維，這是他們的副作用。

Classrooms are dominated by the teacher, who lectures behind a podium to a sea of totally-silent

課堂由老師主導，老師在講臺後對著一片寂靜的海洋講課。

students expected to memorize as much as possible.

To ask questions is both to disrespect your teacher and admit to your peers that you don't

問問題，既是對老師的不尊重，也是向同行承認自己的不

Finally, discipline is placed above all else, with low performers at one high school not

最後，把紀律放在首位，某中學成績差的學生不

For any number of these reasons, some, disenchanted parents seek a way out.

由於以上種種原因，一些，心灰意冷的父母尋求出路。

If their child performs poorly on his or her high school entrance exam, rather than lose

如果他們的孩子聯考成績不理想，與其失去了

face, families may place them in international schools, designed to prepare them for exams

面臨的問題，家庭可能會將他們安排到國際學校，為他們的考試做準備。

Others pursue an education abroad with the intent of eventually migrating the whole family,

還有的人在國外求學，打算最終全家移民。

The perception is that, while school in China is more intense up until the Gaokao, afterward,

的看法是，雖然中國的學校在聯考前比較緊張，但聯考後。

students feel they've satisfied their family's expectations and can relax at university,

學生覺得自己滿足了家庭的期望，可以在大學裡放鬆一下。

whereas American college is when students start getting serious.

而美國大學則是學生開始認真學習的時候。

In other words, students leave China on their parents' suggestion, who usually pay their

換句話說，學生在父母的建議下離開中國，父母通常會支付他們的費用。

There are English lessons, extracurriculars for admissions, exam fees, and travel costs.

有英語課、入學的課外活動、考試費、差旅費。

On top of that, families pay agencies about $10,000 per child for help in the process.

除此之外，在這個過程中，家庭還要向機構支付每個孩子約1萬元的幫助費用。

In other words, this is only possible thanks to China's rising, newly-wealthy middle-class,

換句話說，這要歸功於中國正在崛起的新富中產階級。

and the demographics which leave parents with only one child to pay for - and, more importantly,

和人口結構，使只有一個孩子的父母需要支付----更重要的是，。

The truly wealthy get started even earlier - sending their child to an elite American

真正的富人更早開始--把孩子送進美國精英學校。

feeder middle school, which can charge up to 60, $70,000 a year.

哺育中學，每年收費可達6、7萬元。

And when old fashion studying doesn't work, upper-class families resort to “gifts”

而當老式學習行不通的時候，上流社會的家庭就會採取 "送禮 "的方式。

- usually about $250,000, and as much as $6.5 million.

- 通常25萬元左右，高達650萬元。

There's one more, unexpected reason Chinese students come to America…

還有一個讓人意想不到的原因，中國學生來美國... ...

When Deng Xiaoping began opening up the country in the '80s and '90s, creating thousands

80、90年代鄧小平開始對外開放時，創造了數以千計的

of newly rich families, he also, for the first time, allowed students to study overseas.

的新富家庭，他還首次允許學生出國留學。

For this reason, the first international students who returned to China were its most well-off,

為此，第一批迴國的留學生都是中國最富裕的人。

launching high-paying, high-profile careers.

This association of studying in America and success in life has never faded.

美國留學與人生成功的這種關聯從未消退。

So, while the American Dream may not be alive and well in America, it certainly is in Beijing.

所以，雖然美國夢在美國可能不存在，但在北京肯定是存在的。

Americans have Louis Vuitton, McMansions, and Porsche's.

美國人有路易威登、麥當勞，還有保時捷。

One hospital in central China even named its maternity wards after Ivy-League schools for

華中地區的一家醫院甚至以常春藤名校的名字來命名其產房，以備不時之需。

All of these factors help explain this, but they don't justify this.

所有這些因素都有助於解釋這一點，但它們並不能證明這一點。

To answer that, we need to understand how schools really make money.

要回答這個問題，我們需要了解學校到底是如何賺錢的。

Broadly speaking, in the U.S., there are two university business models.

大致來說，在美國，大學的商業模式有兩種。

The first way a school can make money is simple: charging students.

學校賺錢的第一個方法很簡單：向學生收費。

Private schools are the Apple of education - they forgo massive market share in exchange

私立學校是教育的蘋果--他們放棄了大量的市場份額，換來的是

for a smaller number of higher-paying students.

And, because they attract high-income families, they can expect good, lifelong customers - aka

而且，由於他們吸引的是高收入家庭，他們可以期待良好的、終生的客戶--也就是