Welcome to Life Noggin!

歡迎來到 Life Noggin！

Whether or not we like to admit it, our parents have a big effect on us - and I don't just mean genetically.

不論我們是否願意承認，我們的父母對我們都有極大的影響—— 我不只是在說基因上的影響。

How they raise us can influence everything from our future social relationships to how much fruit we eat...yeah.

他們撫養我們長大的方式能影響所有事，從我們未來的人際關係到我們吃多少水果...，是的。

It can also have a large impact on our brain and development, which is why it's important for parents to be involved in their kid's lives.

它同時也將影響到我們大腦的發展，這也是為什麼父母的參與在孩子人生中是很重要的。

But what happens when they are a little, well, too involved?

但如果他們有點...就是...管太多的話，會發生什麼事呢？

A common theme among overprotective parents is to shield their kids from anything that could hurt them physically, emotionally, and even academically.

對孩子過度保護的父母有一個共通點，就是將孩子放在他們的保護殼中，讓他們不會遭受到任何身體上的、情緒上的，或甚至是學業上的傷害。

The parents that take this to the extreme are often referred to as helicopter parents, and that sounds way cooler than it actually is.

這樣的父母中最極端的案例經常被指稱為「直升機父母」，但它其實並不像它的名字ㄧ樣這麼酷。

But their efforts don't seem to have the desired effect.

這些父母付出的努力似乎並不能換得應有的正向效果。

A 2014 study on college students found that those with over-controlling parents had significantly higher levels of depression and less satisfaction with life due to their lack of autonomy.

在 2014 年，一個針對大學學生的研究指出，相對其他學生，有「管太多」父母的孩子，因為缺乏自主權而患有更嚴重的憂鬱症且有較低的生活滿意度。

Generally, these parents want to help their kids through life.

一般來說，這些父母的初衷是想要幫助他們的孩子。

But removing all stressful situations from their children doesn't seem to actually help them at all.

然而，清除孩子生命中所有的壓力和傷害似乎並不能真正幫助他們達成目的。

Several studies have looked at how stress affects brain and social development in rats.

許多過去的研究都已老鼠為樣本，調查壓力如何影響大腦及個體在社會的發展。

As opposed to chronic or sustained stress, which stems from things like neglect and violence and is agreed upon to be harmful to children, these studies tested how acute or short-term stress from activities like playing and competitions affected the animals.

如大家所認為，因為父母的疏於照顧和暴力傾向所造成的慢性與持續的壓力，的確對孩子有害。於是這些研究反而測試了遊戲和競賽類的活動所造成的突發的或是短期的壓力將如何影響牠們。

For example, one study found that rats that weren't allowed to play-fight as juveniles grew up to have social problems like hyper-aggression and anti-social behaviors as adults.

舉例來說，其中一個研究指出，不被允許在幼鼠時期打架的老鼠長大後便會出現社交上的問題，如出現侵略性的舉動或是反社會的行為。

Overall, these animal studies have shown that brief, controlled amounts of stress during childhood can be beneficial for the development of the brain, social skills, intelligence, and even the immune system.

總之，這些動物研究告訴我們成長過程中有一些短暫的、在控制範圍內的壓力其實對大腦的發育、社交能力及智力、甚至是免疫系統的發展都是有益的。

An authoritarian or strict parenting style doesn't produce the desired effect either.

專制、嚴厲的教養方式並不能達到正向效果。

Take Triangle Bob for example. As opposed to becoming well-behaved and avoiding dangers like drinking, drug use, and other RISKY ADULT BEHAVIORS, children of strict parents tend to be more rebellious, suffer from low self-esteem and emotional problems like depression, and often become bullies.

以 triangle bob 為例，與擁有良好行為、懂得避免吸毒、酒精等危險的大人相反，嚴厲父母管教下的孩子通常會有更多叛逆的傾向、承受著自卑、憂鬱症等情緒問題，且常常成為霸凌者。

Despite their popularity, the data shows that corporal punishments like spanking also have a negative impact on children.

先不論它的熱門程度，數據顯示如打屁股等的體罰也對孩子有負面的影響。

Throughout the world, around 80 percent of parents report using physical punishments like spanking to discipline their children, which is scary when you look into what effect spanking has on them.

全世界中，約有百分之八十的父母曾對孩子進行體罰，如打屁股等以約束他們的孩子，但若看到它們造成的後果，你會發現這其實是很可怕的一件事。

A 2016 meta-analysis combining the results of 75 previous studies found that spanking results in more aggression, more antisocial behavior, more mental health problems, lower cognitive abilities, lower self-esteem, and more negative relationships with parents.

在 2016 年的統合分析報告中，它統整了共 75 個研究 並發現拍打屁股的懲罰方式會使孩子出現更多的攻擊行為、反社會行為、精神問題、較差的認知能力、自卑感，以及相對負面的親子關係。

The parenting style that has been found to have the best impact on children is called authoritative parenting.

目前發現父母教育子女的最佳方式是「權威式教養」。

It combines discipline and guidance with warmth and support - something I think all of us can benefit from.

它結合了約束引導型及溫暖支持型的教育方法—— 這也是我認為所有人都能從中受益的方法。

Thank you for being a loving parent, Animator.

動畫家，謝謝你能成為一位充滿愛的家長。

I appreciate you.

感謝你。

As much as science has told us about different parenting styles, people have lots of different experiences. We wanna hear yours if you're comfortable with sharing in the comment section below!

雖然科學家告訴了我們許多關於教養方法的知識，但每個人都有不一樣的經驗，若你不介意，我們希望能聽見你在下方留言區的分享！

Big thanks to Experian for sponsoring this video!

感謝 Experian 對這支影片的支持！

Experian Boost is trying to do some good in the world and help people boost their credit scores instantly and for free by doing what you're already doing.

Experian Boost 一直都在為世界貢獻，它免費幫助人們增加他們的信用積分，而你只要繼續原本的生活方式就可以。

Up until now when you pay utilities or your cell phone bill it hasn't gone towards building credit scores, but now it can!

一直以來，當你繳交水電費或電信費時，那些紀錄並不會增加你的信用積分，但現在你有了實現它的機會！

Higher credit scores can help you establish credit or get access to preferred credit options.

高信用積分可以幫助你建立信用或取得喜好的信用方案。

It used to take months to improve your credit scores but now with Boost, you can improve your scores instantly.

在以前，增加信用積分可能需要好幾個月，但現在有了 Boost，你就能即時增加積分。

Most people who boost see an increase greater than 10 points and people all across America have already raised their credit scores with Experian Boost.

大多數使用者都能夠已經在信用積分上看見十分以上的成長，而全美國的人都已經在使用 Experian Boost 以增加他們信用積分。

So, we invite you to take part in the Boost America movement today and help support Life Noggin.

所以，我們今天邀請你一起參與 Boost America 的運動，並支持我們的頻道。

Experian Boost can potentially help you establish or increase your access to credit.

Experian Boost 可以幫助你建立或增加更多的信用。

It's safe, secure, and 100% free, no credit card required.

它很安全、完全免費、不需提供信用卡。

Plus you can boost your FICO score instantly!

再加上你能即時增加你的 FICO 積分！

Boost is only available at Experian dot com slash LIFENOGGIN or click the first link int he description.

Boost 只能在 Experian.com/ LIFENOGGIN 上使用，或點擊影片下方第一個連結。

Thanks guys!

謝謝你們！

As always, my name is Blocko, this has been Life Noggin, don't forget to keep on thinking!

如往常一樣，我的名字是 Blocko，這裡是 Life Noggin，別忘了要繼續思考喔！