Name: 第1課時--主要思想 (Lesson 1 - Main Ideas)
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Welcome to “Main Ideas,” the first chapter in Ten Steps to Advanced Reading.

祈使句型

Let's get right to the heart of the matter.

to 不定詞

What do you need to know to become a good reader

You need to understand the difference between point and support.

Here's a cartoon that will help explain what I mean:

What is the POINT of the cartoon? And what is the SUPPORT?

As you may quickly realize, the point is that the couple has marriage problems.

There are three statements that support the point.

One: He likes to spend money; she likes to save it.

Two: He is a night person; she is a day person.

Given the support provided, we can understand the lighthearted point

This cartoon and the one in Ten Steps to Advanced Reading on page 23

help us understand the difference between point and support.

What good readers do when they read something is that they look for points and support for

those points. When you learn how to do this,

you've taken the single most important step to becoming a good reader.

What is a point? A point is an idea or opinion.

What is support? Support is the evidence that backs up this opinion.

Look at these two sentences: My car is a Ford.

Which one of these statements expresses an idea or opinion?

You probably realized right away that “My car is a Ford” just expresses a fact.

On the other hand, “My car is a lemon” expresses a point—

a point that could be supported with examples and reasons and details.

Maybe the transmission is bad, the engine overheats,

the car shakes and rattles, the gas mileage is terrible, and so on.

Now to sharpen your sense of point and support, look at this group of four sentences.

You should not put your hand into that box.

Inside the box are freshly cut leaves of poison ivy.

A loaded mousetrap is inside, ready to spring.

A flesh-eating spider the size of a large crab just crawled into the box.

In this group, what is the point and what is the support for the point?

You probably figured out that the first sentence is the point—

you should not put one's hand into the box. And then we get three very convincing bits

of support that back up that point and help us realize

that it's definitely not a good idea to put one's

And here's another group of sentences. Again, take a minute to pick out the point

When you are in a theater, you sometimes have to put up with rude people and crying children.

At home, you can “pause” a movie when you leave the room to get a snack.

It's more enjoyable to watch movies at home than in a theater.

It's relaxing to watch movies in your pajamas while sitting in your favorite chair.

In this group, the point is that movies are more fun to watch at home than in a theater.

The point is backed up by three reasons that support the point about the advantages of

watching movies at home. You don't have to deal with rudeness or

crying children; you can put a movie on hold while getting a snack.

You can be comfortable in your pajamas and favorite chair.

In a nutshell, if you understand the difference between point and support, you're on your

way to becoming a better reader. Let's take a look now at a paragraph.

Let's read it and see if you can identify what is the author's point in the paragraph

and what is the author's support for that point.

People lie for different reasons. One common reason is to avoid hurting someone's feelings.

“Do you like my new haircut?” If you think it's ugly, you might still

answer something like, “I really do.”

Another common reason for lying is to avoid a fight.

Say a friend angers you and then asks, “Are you upset with me?”

You might answer, “No,” to avoid an argument.

People also lie so that they'll fit in, as when you listen to a boring person and

politely say, “That's so interesting.”

Finally, people lie to avoid spending more

time with someone. For instance, you might lie,

What sentence is the point that is supported by the other sentences in the paragraph?

Now let's look at an outline of the paragraph.

An outline is a helpful way to show at a glance

the point of a paragraph and its support.

Supporting detail 1: To avoid hurting feelings.

Supporting detail 4: To avoid spending time with someone.

As you may have realized, the point is that people lie for a variety of reasons.

The outline provides an x-ray of the paragraph— showing the point and listing the supporting

details for the point— the different reasons why people lie.

Now let's do one added paragraph. Again, see if you can pick out the point and

Certain basic fears are part of our lives. For one thing, we fear being disrespected.

Bullies play on this fear. They cruelly tease their victims and take

away their self-respect. And we feel disrespected when someone doesn't

return our phone calls or walks past us without saying hello.

Another of our deepest fears is being alone. We all know in our hearts that we need each other

Not having other people in our lives makes

us feel empty inside. A third basic fear, once we become adults,

is growing older. Every year, many Americans use plastic surgery

to try to turn back the clock. And our magazines and TV shows and movies

are full of beautiful young people. We do not want to be reminded that the clock

You're probably getting better at this. And you've probably noticed that most of

the time, the point is at or near the beginning of the

paragraph. In this case, as you may have guessed,

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第1課時--主要思想 (Lesson 1 - Main Ideas)

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matter

realize

convince