Welcome to Life Noggin.

歡迎來到 Life Noggin。

Oh look it's my invisible friend!

喔瞧，這是我的隱形朋友！

So glad you finally got to meet him!

真高興你終於見到他了！

Living in the water, and nearly everywhere else on Earth, are tiny, microscopic organisms

生活在水中，以及幾乎地球上任何地方，它們是微小的微生物群

called microorganisms or microbes.

叫做 micro-organisms 或者 microbes。

They have existed for at least 3,500 million years and were the only living things on Earth

他們已經存在 35 億多年，並且在當時大部分的時間裡

for the majority of that time.,, Different types include bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa,

是地球上唯一生物體。包括不同的類型如細菌、古菌、真菌、原生動物、

algae, and viruses.

藻類以及病毒。

Microbes are able to survive in harsh environments like hot springs, the Dead Sea, and Antarctic

微生物群能夠生存在艱困的環境如溫泉、「死海」以及南極冰層中

ice, as well as ordinary places like swamps, rivers, and soil.,

還有一些一般環境如沼澤、河流以及土壤當中。

And there are a whole lot of them out there.

且它們的數量真的是非常多。

Overall, they make up about 17 percent of Earth's total biomass, which is the weight

總體來說，它們佔了地球全部的生物物質中的 17%，也就大概是這個派圖中

of every living thing here.

你所看到的生物的總和。

In the sea alone they are extremely abundant.

它們在海裡的數量極為豐富。

In all of the world's oceans, they make up 98 percent of the total ocean biomass., Yeah,

在全世界的海洋中，它們組成約 98% 的生物物質，是的，

there are millions upon millions of tiny little communities that you probably haven't even thought

大約有數以百萬計以上的細小、微小的群體組織是你可能從來都沒有想過

about!

的龐大數量！

While not all microbes are harmful, there are definitely some to watch out for that

然而不是所有的微生物體都是有害的，有些當然是要很小心地面對

cause foodborne illnesses, and infectious diseases.

因為這些藉由食物傳染的疾病以及傳染病。

These include the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that can cause tuberculosis, the protozoan

這些疾病包括了細菌性的肺結核菌，能導致肺炎；原生動物的瘧原蟲，

Plasmodium, which causes Malaria, the fungus Trichophyton rubrum, which causes ringworm,

能導致瘧疾發生；真菌類的紅色毛癬菌會導致皮癬菌病

and the virus Varicella zoster, which causes Chickenpox.

以及病毒性的水痘帶狀庖疹病毒，會導致水痘。

These and other disease-causing microbes are called pathogens.

這些和其他致病微生物都稱之為病原體。

If we come into contact with them and they enter our bodies, they can cause an infection

如果我們接觸到它們，進入到我們體內，就會引起感染

by damaging our cells and could even challenge our immune system by killing or disrupting

損害我們的細胞，甚至挑戰我們的免疫系統、殺死我們的細胞或者

cell or tissue function..,,

影響組織功能正常運作...

Some of these harmful microbes can make their way into drinking water through feces and

某些有害的微生物能夠透過排泄物進入飲用水中

cause diseases like cholera, typhoid fever, and dysentery., The World Health Organization

然後導致霍亂、傷寒以及痢疾。世界衛生組織

estimates that over two billion people around the world use a drinking water source that

預估全球超過 20 億人正飲用受到排泄物污染的水源

is contaminated by feces, resulting in nearly half a million deaths.

導致約 50 萬人死亡。

But, as I said, not all microorganisms are bad.

但像我所說，並非全部的微生物群體都是不好的。

In fact, without them, we wouldn't have pizza bagels!

事實上，沒有了它們，我們就沒有披薩貝果可以吃了！

Fungi like yeast are used to make bread and beer, and mold is used to make some cheeses.

像是真菌中的酵母菌能被用來製作麵包和啤酒，以及黴菌可以用來製作某些起司。

And, because microbes create oxygen while processing greenhouse gases, they could potentially

以及，因為微生物群能夠在它們生活過程中利用溫室氣體並製造氧氣，使它們變成人類在對抗氣候變遷

be an option for fighting climate change.

的潛在選項。

Scientists have already found a way to use E. coli bacteria to make biofuels.

科學家們已經找到利用大腸桿菌製造生質燃料的方法。

Marine microbes play a big role in maintaining the health of coral reefs and the recycling

海洋微生物在維持珊瑚礁健康以及營養鹽循環圈中扮演著

of their nutrients.

非常重要的角色。

They also help clean our own water at wastewater treatment plants, where they are used to eat

它們也在污水淨水廠中藉由攝取生物可分解物質

biodegradable materials.,

協助潔淨我們的水源。

Helpful microbes can even be found closer than you may think.

有益的微生物與我們的距離比你想像的還要靠近。

On and inside our bodies are trillions of microorganisms., Some of these microbes help

人體內外分佈著數以兆計的微生物群。其中一些幫助

with digestion, protect you from infection, and maintain your reproductive health.

我們的消化系統運作，保護你免受感染，並且維持你的生殖功能健康。

That's right the tiny communities living on and inside you are working very hard!

這正是這些微小組織在你的身體內外努力工作的成果！

No need to panic about that thought at all.

不需要過度驚慌。

But just because they are helpful ones, that doesn't mean you shouldn't protect yourself

但就因為他們是有幫助的其中一種微生物群，並不代表你就不需要

from potentially harmful microorganisms.

保護自己遭受其他潛在危險的微生物喔。

So, remember to wash your hands often, keep your immunizations up to date, and make sure

所以，記得要勤洗手，維持你的免疫系統正常運作，並且

your drinking water is clean.,,

確保你的飲用水是乾淨的喔...

So, what do you want me to talk about next?

所以，你們想要我說更多關於哪方面的事情呢？

Let me know in the comment section below right now and you're suggestion can become a future

立即在下方留言區讓我們知道，你的建議將會成為未來

Life Noggin episode!

Life Noggin 影集的內容喔！

Curious to know what the heck this is?

好奇那究竟是什麼嗎？

Yeah, you're gonna want to check out this video!

是的，你即將看到這部影片！

Thank you so much for watching and liking this video!

非常感謝你的收看以及按讚！

As always my name is Blocko!

一如往常我是 Blocko!

This has been Life Noggin!

這是這集的 Life Noggin!

Don't forget to keep on thinking.

別忘了繼續思考喔 !