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  • This small mussel farm off the coast of California

    這加州離岸的淡菜養殖場

  • is a window into the future of feeding the planet.

    可能會是人類未來的食物。

  • - You can feed a vast majority of the world's populations on mussels alone.

    地球絕大部分的人口都可以賴以淡菜食物維生。

  • Earth's population is growing so fast

    地球人口成長速度太快,

  • that we'll need to produce more food in the next 50 years

    在未來的 50 年,我們需要產出比過去

  • than we've raised in the last 10,000.

    還要更多的食物。

  • - People are really actively looking towards the ocean for the future.

    因此人類積極地在海洋尋找未來的食物。

  • Oceans cover more than two thirds of the earth's surface.

    海洋佔了 2/3 的地球表面積。

  • But right now, they produce just 2% of our food.

    但卻只產出 2% 的人類食物。

  • - You can't take any more fish out of the ocean.

    你無法從海洋捕獲更多的魚。

  • You've got to grow it.

    你得要把魚養出來。

  • Phil Cruver is part of a new wave of entrepreneurs

    Phil Cruver 是一位新浪潮企業家,

  • proving ocean farms can help feed the world

    他提供能海洋養殖地來供應人類食物

  • without destroying the environment.

    又不破壞環境生態。

  • I'm Erik Olsen.

    我是 Erik Olsen。

  • This is Quartz.

    這是 Quartz 新聞。

  • - This is historic.

    這非常有歷史性。

  • It will be the first time we've had a harvest in U.S. federal waters

    這會是有史以來我們在美國聯邦海域

  • in the United States in history.

    的第一次豐收。

  • Phil Cruver started and sold several tech businesses

    Phil Cruver 在決定開發洛杉磯離岸海域之前,

  • before deciding to farm the waters off of Los Angeles.

    創建了與賣掉了很多科技公司。

  • - The carrying capacity out here is just enormous.

    這裡蘊藏著的東西非常驚人。

  • Right now, the mussels caught at the Catalina Sea Ranch

    現在在 Catalina 牧場打撈的淡菜

  • are just a tiny 100 acre experiment.

    只是個小小 100 英畝的實驗。

  • - We're starting off with mussels as our cash crop

    我們以淡菜為經濟作物,

  • because they don't get disease,

    因為他們不會生病、

  • there's a lot less risk factors,

    風險因子較少、

  • they grow faster.

    生長速度較快。

  • Currently, almost all the food we eat comes from the land,

    目前大部分我們所吃的食物都來自土地

  • but that's resource intensive.

    但資源上的供應非常密集。

  • - 29% of the Earth's surface is land

    地球表面積的 29% 是土地,

  • and 40% of that arable land, we produce food on.

    40% 是農耕地,我們產出食物用的。

  • That's immense amounts of space for something that we could do

    這巨大的空間可做的東西

  • in a much smaller amount of space in the ocean.

    我們在在海洋用較小的空間就可以做到。

  • Growing food on land is also a dirty business.

    在土地上種食物也不環保。

  • Worldwide, livestock accounts for about 15%

    家禽所排放的溫室氣體

  • of human induced greenhouse gas emissions.

    占了全球 15%。

  • It's also very inefficient and expensive.

    非常沒有效率且很昂貴。

  • - It requires anywhere between six to seven pounds of feed

    它需要餵食 6 - 7 磅的食物

  • to get out one pound of cow, right.

    才能產出 1 磅的母牛,沒錯。

  • And so that requires an immense amount of water

    且還需要大量的水、

  • and land and other resources.

    土地以及其他資源。

  • So many are looking to the sea to help feed the world.

    所以許多人期許海洋可以供應人類食物。

  • But overfishing has left much of the oceans

    但過度捕魚也造成海洋生物

  • pushed to their biological limits.

    精疲力竭。

  • We are at a point now that scientists call 'Peak Fish'.

    我們正處於的位置,科學家們稱之為 Peak Fish

  • - So 'Peak Fish' means when did we get to a point

    所謂的 Peak Fish 我們已來到

  • where we no longer were able to take more out of the ocean.

    無法在從海洋捕獲更多的食物的尖峰

  • - But the amount of fish we're catching is plateauing.

    但我們捕魚量已經非常的固定,就是要這麼多。

  • The oceans aren't getting any cleaner.

    海洋無法再更乾淨。

  • We have enough fishing boats,

    我們有足夠的捕魚船隻,

  • we have way too many fishing boats out there right now.

    現在卻有過多的漁船在海上。

  • Most of the fish that's farmed at the moment

    漁船大部分捕撈的魚有

  • are finfish like salmon and carp.

    長鬚鯨、鮭魚以及鯉魚。

  • They're fed with a diet of fish lower in the food chain,

    他們都是吃食物鍊下一層的魚,

  • which means more fishing is needed to feed the fish we eat.

    意味著需要更多的魚來餵食這些我們在吃的魚。

  • Nearly one-third of the global marine fish catch

    將近 1/3 的全球捕捉的海洋生物

  • goes to feed farmed fish.

    都用來餵養殖魚。

  • - Right now, they're getting it at as low as one to one.

    現在他們將食物分配為 1 比 1 。

  • So one pound of feed for one pound of fish.

    1 磅的食物餵食 1 磅 的養殖魚。

  • That's a lot better than land animals,

    這樣比地面的家禽要好許多,

  • but mussels can do even better.

    淡菜甚至可以做到更好。

  • You don't have to feed them at all.

    你連餵食都不用,

  • They just filter their food from the water.

    它們會過濾海中的食物。

  • - Mussels are good to farm for a variety of reasons.

    有幾個理由說明了捕撈淡菜比較好。

  • First, a lot of the things you associate with bad farming on land --

    第一,許多你可以想到的家禽不當養殖

  • cramped quarters, use of questionable foods,

    狹窄居住空間,使用有問題的飼料,

  • use of different chemicals --

    使用不同的化學藥劑。

  • you don't need that for mussels.

    淡菜就不需用這些東西。

  • Mussels like tight spaces, they don't need a lot of antibiotics,

    淡菜喜歡擁擠的空間,它們不需用抗生素,

  • and they don't need any food.

    它們不用任何食物。

  • They can also clean up the water.

    它們還可以淨化水域。

  • Ryan Bigelow runs operations for Seafood Watch,

    Ryan Bigelow 經營管理 Seafood Watch ,

  • a Monterey Bay Aquarium program that promotes sustainable seafood.

    一個推廣 Monterey Bay Aquarium 永續海產的計畫。

  • He says aquaculture,

    他說是水產養殖

  • especially with shrimp and salmon,

    特別是蝦子與鮭魚,

  • has had a bad reputation for pollution spreading disease

    它們是以疾病汙染與其它環境衝擊

  • and other environmental impacts.

    而聞名。

  • In some countries, these remain big problems,

    在一些國家,這些是很大的問題,

  • but new companies are showing it can be done well.

    但一些新的公司說這可以處理很好的。

  • - Fish farming is by no means a perfect business.

    捕魚肯定不會是最好的生意。

  • There have been issues in the past with everything from escapes

    在過去有一些問題,從逃避到汙染

  • to pollution, to the destruction of mangroves.

    到紅樹林的拆遷。

  • And some of those things still do happen.

    那些事情直到至今都還有

  • But the difference now between aquaculture,

    但現在的水產養殖與 15、20 年前的差異是

  • even 15, 20 years ago, is that they're our best performers.

    他們現在是最好的操作者。

  • And aquaculture has a lot of room to grow in the U.S.

    水產養殖業在美國與許多成長的空間。

  • - So right now, 90% of all aquaculture happens in Southeast Asia.

    現在有 90% 的水產養殖都在東南亞。

  • China is 60% of that production.

    中國就佔了 60% 的產出。

  • Norway and Chile are some of the largest

    挪威與智利則是

  • finfish producers in the world for Atlantic Salmon.

    大西洋鮭魚的最大產出國。

  • A big reason is regulations.

    絕大因素是政策。

  • The U.S. hasn't allowed aquaculture in federal waters until now.

    直到今日,美國才允許聯邦海域從事水產養殖。

  • Phil thinks that means there's a huge opportunity here.

    Phil 認為這意味者有巨大的商機。

  • Several companies are already planning to open

    許多公司紛紛計畫在加州

  • aquaculture farms in California,

    建立水產養殖場,

  • waiting to see if he's successful.

    並等著看他是否做得起來。

  • Today's harvest is small, just 1000 pounds.

    今日的收穫算少,只有 1000 磅。

  • Back at the pier in Los Angeles Harbor

    在洛杉磯港的馬頭

  • the mussels go directly to a seafood distributor

    淡菜會直接給海產代理商

  • and then to fish markets around Southern California,

    接著才是南加州的魚市集

  • ending up on people's plates.

    最後都會在客的盤子裡。

  • But for this kind of farming to feed the world,

    這種供應地球人口的食物養殖方式

  • it has to overcome another challenge.

    有它需要克服的難題。

  • - People have to want to eat mussels.

    就是人們得要喜歡吃淡菜。

  • And especially in the U.S.

    特別是在美國,

  • they don't really.

    他們真的不喜歡。

  • - Perception, a lot of people asked they said,

    認知,被問到的人都說:

  • "What is it for, bait?"

    「那是做什麼的,魚餌嗎?」

  • They don't understand the nutrition and the tastiness of mussels.

    他們不理解淡菜的營養與味道。

  • So it's gonna be a big branding challenge.

    所以這會是個很大的品牌經營挑戰。

  • We need Leonardo DiCaprio to eat a pizza with mussels on it,

    我們需要 Leonardo DiCaprio 來吃沒有香腸,有加淡菜的披薩,

  • rather than sausage, showing the sustainability.

    來呈現永續性。

  • But even without Leo, tastes may be changing.

    即便沒有 Leo,味道或許會改變。

  • - At least in the last I'd say 12 to 14 months,

    至少,在 12 到 14 個月裡,

  • customer requests for mussels, like these, have almost tripled.

    淡菜的點餐數量會像這樣,幾乎 3 倍成長。

  • Mike Ungaro is selling Phil's mussels at his market.

    Mike Ungaro 在魚市場販售 Phil 的淡菜。

  • - So we are now seeing a huge increase in the demand,

    我們可以看到淡菜的需求量在攀升,

  • and to have a locally sourced product like this

    而且要有這樣的當地調味

  • that's high quality and literally right off the coast,

    非常高品質與高成本。

  • I think customers are going to go crazy for it.

    我覺得客人快要為淡菜瘋狂。

  • Feeding the planet's next two billion people

    供應地球接下來的 20 億人口

  • will mean changing where we farm and how we farm.

    意味著要改變我們耕作的地方以及耕作的方式。

  • It will require new technology and better tools,

    它會需要新的科技技術與工具,

  • and an open mind to trying new food.

    還需要對嘗試新食物有開放的心態。

  • Hey, I'm Preeti Varathan with Quartz.

    嘿,我是 Quartz 新聞的 Preeti Varathan。

  • So, are you ready to eat more mussels to save the environment?

    你準備好要吃淡菜來拯救環境了嗎?

  • Let us know in the comments,

    留言讓我們知道,

  • And subscribe to the Quartz channel for more videos like this one.

    更多相關的影片請訂閱 Quartz 新聞頻道。

This small mussel farm off the coast of California

這加州離岸的淡菜養殖場

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