is a window into the future of feeding the planet.

可能會是人類未來的食物。

- You can feed a vast majority of the world's populations on mussels alone.

地球絕大部分的人口都可以賴以淡菜食物維生。

Earth's population is growing so fast

地球人口成長速度太快，

that we'll need to produce more food in the next 50 years

在未來的 50 年，我們需要產出比過去

than we've raised in the last 10,000.

還要更多的食物。

- People are really actively looking towards the ocean for the future.

因此人類積極地在海洋尋找未來的食物。

Oceans cover more than two thirds of the earth's surface.

海洋佔了 2/3 的地球表面積。

But right now, they produce just 2% of our food.

但卻只產出 2% 的人類食物。

- You can't take any more fish out of the ocean.

你無法從海洋捕獲更多的魚。

You've got to grow it.

你得要把魚養出來。

Phil Cruver is part of a new wave of entrepreneurs

Phil Cruver 是一位新浪潮企業家，

proving ocean farms can help feed the world

他提供能海洋養殖地來供應人類食物

without destroying the environment.

又不破壞環境生態。

I'm Erik Olsen.

我是 Erik Olsen。

This is Quartz.

這是 Quartz 新聞。

- This is historic.

這非常有歷史性。

It will be the first time we've had a harvest in U.S. federal waters

這會是有史以來我們在美國聯邦海域

in the United States in history.

的第一次豐收。

Phil Cruver started and sold several tech businesses

Phil Cruver 在決定開發洛杉磯離岸海域之前，

before deciding to farm the waters off of Los Angeles.

創建了與賣掉了很多科技公司。

- The carrying capacity out here is just enormous.

這裡蘊藏著的東西非常驚人。

Right now, the mussels caught at the Catalina Sea Ranch

現在在 Catalina 牧場打撈的淡菜

are just a tiny 100 acre experiment.

只是個小小 100 英畝的實驗。

- We're starting off with mussels as our cash crop

我們以淡菜為經濟作物，

because they don't get disease,

因為他們不會生病、

there's a lot less risk factors,

風險因子較少、

they grow faster.

生長速度較快。

Currently, almost all the food we eat comes from the land,

目前大部分我們所吃的食物都來自土地

but that's resource intensive.

但資源上的供應非常密集。

- 29% of the Earth's surface is land

地球表面積的 29% 是土地，

and 40% of that arable land, we produce food on.

40% 是農耕地，我們產出食物用的。

That's immense amounts of space for something that we could do

這巨大的空間可做的東西

in a much smaller amount of space in the ocean.

我們在在海洋用較小的空間就可以做到。

Growing food on land is also a dirty business.

在土地上種食物也不環保。

Worldwide, livestock accounts for about 15%

家禽所排放的溫室氣體

of human induced greenhouse gas emissions.

占了全球 15%。

It's also very inefficient and expensive.

非常沒有效率且很昂貴。

- It requires anywhere between six to seven pounds of feed

它需要餵食 6 - 7 磅的食物

to get out one pound of cow, right.

才能產出 1 磅的母牛，沒錯。

And so that requires an immense amount of water

且還需要大量的水、

and land and other resources.

土地以及其他資源。

So many are looking to the sea to help feed the world.

所以許多人期許海洋可以供應人類食物。

But overfishing has left much of the oceans

但過度捕魚也造成海洋生物

pushed to their biological limits.

精疲力竭。

We are at a point now that scientists call 'Peak Fish'.

我們正處於的位置，科學家們稱之為 Peak Fish

- So 'Peak Fish' means when did we get to a point

所謂的 Peak Fish 我們已來到

where we no longer were able to take more out of the ocean.

無法在從海洋捕獲更多的食物的尖峰

- But the amount of fish we're catching is plateauing.

但我們捕魚量已經非常的固定，就是要這麼多。

The oceans aren't getting any cleaner.

海洋無法再更乾淨。

We have enough fishing boats,

我們有足夠的捕魚船隻，

we have way too many fishing boats out there right now.

現在卻有過多的漁船在海上。

Most of the fish that's farmed at the moment

漁船大部分捕撈的魚有

are finfish like salmon and carp.

長鬚鯨、鮭魚以及鯉魚。

They're fed with a diet of fish lower in the food chain,

他們都是吃食物鍊下一層的魚，

which means more fishing is needed to feed the fish we eat.

意味著需要更多的魚來餵食這些我們在吃的魚。

Nearly one-third of the global marine fish catch

將近 1/3 的全球捕捉的海洋生物

goes to feed farmed fish.

都用來餵養殖魚。

- Right now, they're getting it at as low as one to one.

現在他們將食物分配為 1 比 1 。

So one pound of feed for one pound of fish.

1 磅的食物餵食 1 磅 的養殖魚。

That's a lot better than land animals,

這樣比地面的家禽要好許多，

but mussels can do even better.

淡菜甚至可以做到更好。

You don't have to feed them at all.

你連餵食都不用，

They just filter their food from the water.

它們會過濾海中的食物。

- Mussels are good to farm for a variety of reasons.

有幾個理由說明了捕撈淡菜比較好。

First, a lot of the things you associate with bad farming on land --

第一，許多你可以想到的家禽不當養殖

cramped quarters, use of questionable foods,

狹窄居住空間，使用有問題的飼料，

use of different chemicals --

使用不同的化學藥劑。

you don't need that for mussels.

淡菜就不需用這些東西。

Mussels like tight spaces, they don't need a lot of antibiotics,

淡菜喜歡擁擠的空間，它們不需用抗生素，

and they don't need any food.

它們不用任何食物。

They can also clean up the water.

它們還可以淨化水域。

Ryan Bigelow runs operations for Seafood Watch,

Ryan Bigelow 經營管理 Seafood Watch ，

a Monterey Bay Aquarium program that promotes sustainable seafood.

一個推廣 Monterey Bay Aquarium 永續海產的計畫。

He says aquaculture,

他說是水產養殖

especially with shrimp and salmon,

特別是蝦子與鮭魚，

has had a bad reputation for pollution spreading disease

它們是以疾病汙染與其它環境衝擊

and other environmental impacts.

而聞名。

In some countries, these remain big problems,

在一些國家，這些是很大的問題，

but new companies are showing it can be done well.

但一些新的公司說這可以處理很好的。

- Fish farming is by no means a perfect business.

捕魚肯定不會是最好的生意。

There have been issues in the past with everything from escapes

在過去有一些問題，從逃避到汙染

to pollution, to the destruction of mangroves.

到紅樹林的拆遷。

And some of those things still do happen.

那些事情直到至今都還有

But the difference now between aquaculture,

但現在的水產養殖與 15、20 年前的差異是

even 15, 20 years ago, is that they're our best performers.

他們現在是最好的操作者。

And aquaculture has a lot of room to grow in the U.S.

水產養殖業在美國與許多成長的空間。

- So right now, 90% of all aquaculture happens in Southeast Asia.

現在有 90% 的水產養殖都在東南亞。

China is 60% of that production.

中國就佔了 60% 的產出。

Norway and Chile are some of the largest

挪威與智利則是

finfish producers in the world for Atlantic Salmon.

大西洋鮭魚的最大產出國。

A big reason is regulations.

絕大因素是政策。

The U.S. hasn't allowed aquaculture in federal waters until now.

直到今日，美國才允許聯邦海域從事水產養殖。

Phil thinks that means there's a huge opportunity here.

Phil 認為這意味者有巨大的商機。

Several companies are already planning to open

許多公司紛紛計畫在加州

aquaculture farms in California,

建立水產養殖場，

waiting to see if he's successful.

並等著看他是否做得起來。

Today's harvest is small, just 1000 pounds.

今日的收穫算少，只有 1000 磅。

Back at the pier in Los Angeles Harbor

在洛杉磯港的馬頭

the mussels go directly to a seafood distributor

淡菜會直接給海產代理商

and then to fish markets around Southern California,

接著才是南加州的魚市集

ending up on people's plates.

最後都會在客的盤子裡。

But for this kind of farming to feed the world,

這種供應地球人口的食物養殖方式

it has to overcome another challenge.

有它需要克服的難題。

- People have to want to eat mussels.

就是人們得要喜歡吃淡菜。

And especially in the U.S.

特別是在美國，

they don't really.

他們真的不喜歡。

- Perception, a lot of people asked they said,

認知，被問到的人都說：

"What is it for, bait?"

「那是做什麼的，魚餌嗎？」

They don't understand the nutrition and the tastiness of mussels.

他們不理解淡菜的營養與味道。

So it's gonna be a big branding challenge.

所以這會是個很大的品牌經營挑戰。

We need Leonardo DiCaprio to eat a pizza with mussels on it,

我們需要 Leonardo DiCaprio 來吃沒有香腸，有加淡菜的披薩，

rather than sausage, showing the sustainability.

來呈現永續性。

But even without Leo, tastes may be changing.

即便沒有 Leo，味道或許會改變。

- At least in the last I'd say 12 to 14 months,

至少，在 12 到 14 個月裡，

customer requests for mussels, like these, have almost tripled.

淡菜的點餐數量會像這樣，幾乎 3 倍成長。

Mike Ungaro is selling Phil's mussels at his market.

Mike Ungaro 在魚市場販售 Phil 的淡菜。

- So we are now seeing a huge increase in the demand,

我們可以看到淡菜的需求量在攀升，

and to have a locally sourced product like this

而且要有這樣的當地調味

that's high quality and literally right off the coast,

非常高品質與高成本。

I think customers are going to go crazy for it.

我覺得客人快要為淡菜瘋狂。

Feeding the planet's next two billion people

供應地球接下來的 20 億人口

will mean changing where we farm and how we farm.

意味著要改變我們耕作的地方以及耕作的方式。

It will require new technology and better tools,

它會需要新的科技技術與工具，

and an open mind to trying new food.

還需要對嘗試新食物有開放的心態。

Hey, I'm Preeti Varathan with Quartz.

嘿，我是 Quartz 新聞的 Preeti Varathan。

So, are you ready to eat more mussels to save the environment?

你準備好要吃淡菜來拯救環境了嗎？

Let us know in the comments,

留言讓我們知道，

And subscribe to the Quartz channel for more videos like this one.

更多相關的影片請訂閱 Quartz 新聞頻道。