Welcome to Life Noggin.

觀迎收看 Life Noggin。

If you've flown on an airplane, you probably remember the safety briefing before takeoff.

在搭乘飛機的時候，你們可能都會在起飛前聽到安全介紹。

This might make flying seem kind of scary, but put your fears aside.

這樣的安全介紹會讓飛行過程中顯得有些令人害怕，但是你們先別害怕。

You're actually pretty safe up there.

事實上你們在空中是蠻安全地。

There are less than two accidents for every MILLION commercial flights.

在成千上萬的民航中，飛行所發生的意外不到兩件。

And even if you happen to be in one, you'll probably survive.

就算你們真的在這其中一次的意外中，你們大概也能夠存活下來。

Of the over 40 million passenger and cargo flights in 2016, only 10 had deadly accidents.

2016 年，在超過 4 千萬的客貨航班中，就只發生10 件致命的航班意外。

In the United States, it's much more dangerous to be in a motor vehicle, where the odds of

在美國，駕駛汽車反而更加危險，汽車車禍

dying from an accident are 1 in 114.

的死亡率是佔 114 分之 1 。

Airplanes are built to be really secure.

飛機在結構設計上是非常具有安全性。

Before a new aircraft ever leaves the ground, manufacturers put the model through tons of

在一架新飛機要起飛之前，技師們會無數次地測試

tests that look at things like extreme heat and cold, high winds, excess water, ice, and

此型號飛機，測試的東西像是極度酷熱或寒冷的環境、強勁的風速、暴雨、冰雹

lightning strikes.

和閃電。

They even launch dead birds into engines to make sure the plane will stay intact if it

他們甚至會丟死去的鳥群到引擎中，來確保這架飛機如果意外地撞到鳥群後

accidentally hits a flock. Yeah, that's pretty extreme.

還能夠完整無恙。對，那情況會是相當極端的。

The rigorous testing also includes the wings.

這嚴格的測試當然也包含了機翼。

You may have seen airplane wings bending up and down during turbulence.

你們可能已經有看過飛機的機翼在亂流中跑上跑下的。

And that's ok...in fact, they're made to do that!

恩，那是沒問題的，因為事實上，機翼的功用就該是那樣！

If the wings were completely rigid, they would break during rough air.

如果機翼完全固定住，它們會在遇到嚴峻的氣流中斷掉。

Instead, they bend a little to take the force. No, not that kind of force. Different force.

它們反而是有點彎曲來承受氣流的阻力。不，不是那神奇的「原力」。不一樣的力。

The Federal Aviation Administration in the US requires that wings be able to handle at

美國聯邦航空總署規定機翼的最大承受力必須

least 1.5 times the maximum load they would experience on a flight.

至少達到飛行過程中的 1.5 倍。

Some can even bend close to 90 degrees without breaking!

有些機翼甚至可以彎曲到 90 度，還不會斷裂！

Just like the outside of the plane, the inside is built for safety.

就像是飛機外表的建構，飛機艙內的設計也是以安全為主。

Your seat might be uncomfortable, but it could also save your life.

你們的座位可能不是很舒適，但這樣的設計可能會因此救你們一命。

Each seat can take up to 16 g of force.

每個座位可以承受高達 16 的加速重力。

It's also made of flame-retardant materials, as are the walls and carpets.

而座椅是由防火材質所製成的，飛機牆壁和地毯也是同樣材質所製成的。

If an accident does happen, aircraft are designed to be evacuated quickly.

如果真有意外發生時，飛機則備有完善的逃生路線。

Ever wonder why they dim the cabin lights for takeoff and landing at night?

有沒有想過他們為什麼要在晚上起飛時或降落時要把機倉內的燈調暗呢？

It might help you fall asleep, but the real purpose is to get your eyes used to the dark

這樣可能會幫助你們的入睡，但真正的原因是要讓你們的眼睛能夠適應黑暗，

in case the power goes out or there's smoke.

以免如果飛機停電或是有烏煙發生。

And if smoke blocks the overhead lights, there are lights on the floor that will guide you

如果烏煙遮蔽了頭頂上的燈，地板上也會有燈可以讓你們依循走

to the exits.

到出口處。

There's also a reason your seat has to be upright for takeoff and landing.

你們要在起飛或是降落的時候，把座位調端正的是有一個原因的。

An upright seat locks into position and can handle more force, whereas a reclined seat

一個端端正正的座位可以承受比較大的阻力，所以如果一個降下的椅背

can thrust forward, causing you injuries.

會往前撞，導致你們受傷。

Plus, keeping your seat reclined is dangerous for the people behind you, who won't be

除此之外，如果你們的椅背都一直是往後的，這對後面的乘客很危險，他們

able to get out quickly or brace themselves.

會因此無法迅速逃困或是保護他們自己。

And bracing for impact can mean the difference between surviving and not.

而且能不能準備好抗衡這樣的阻力衝撞，是攸關生死關頭的。

Although every accident is different, the best position for most people is to bend forward,

雖然什麼意外都有可能會發生，但是最好的保護姿勢就是身體往前傾，

seat belt fastened with your feet on the floor and your arms between your head and the seat

繫好安全帶，雙腳平放於地板上，雙手置於頭上，並且前傾於

in front of you.

前面的椅背。

This will keep your head from snapping forward into the next seat.

這樣的姿勢可以保護你們的頭衝撞到前面的座位。

It might also make a difference which seat you're sitting in.

不過也要看你們是坐在飛機裡的哪個位子上。

Two studies found that people sitting near the rear of the plane were a bit more likely

兩個研究指出在一場嚴重致命的墜機事件中，坐在飛機後面的人

to survive a deadly crash.

會有比較大的機會存活下來。

But this isn't true in every case, and there's no place where you'll be completely safe.

但這也不是適用於每個情況，而且沒有任何一個位子能保證你們都能夠完全完全地安然無恙。

The best way to protect yourself is to listen to the crew and follow all safety instructions.

最好保護自己的方式就是聽取機組人員的話，並且跟從他們的安全指示。

Do you love to fly?

你們喜歡搭乘飛機嗎?

Or are you still a little scared? Do you have any scary flight stories you'd like to share in the comment.

或是你們還是覺得有點害怕呢？你們有沒有想要在下方留言處分享自己曾經歷過的驚險飛航呢？

Let me know down below. So you're likely going to survive your next flight. Phew!

在下方留言讓我知道唷。所以你們可能都可以在下一個飛航中存活下來。這可真是鬆了一口氣！

But have you wondered if you could survive 2.5 million years ago? Check out this video.

但你們曾經是否有想過自己可以在 250 萬年前存活下來嗎？快看看這個影片。

During the peak periods where most of the water on Earth was iced,

在高峰時期，地球上大部分的水都結成冰，

the global average temperatures were 5 to 10 degrees Celsius colder than they are today.

那時候的地球平均攝氏溫度介於 5 度到 10 度，比現在來得更冷。

This was a much cooler and drier Earth. My name is Blocko. This has been Life Noggin.

那時的地球比較涼爽又乾燥的。我是 Blocko，這是《Life Noggin》頻道。

Don't forget to keep on thinking!

別忘了要一直思考唷！