they met enemies face to face,

她們與對手正面對決...

endured tragedies and enjoyed victories…

她們可以承受悲劇並享受勝利...

they went down in history due to the bravery of their crews…

她們因為船員的勇敢在歷史中逝去...

they are the ships that deserve to be called

她們是值得被稱做

“Naval Legends!”

「海軍傳奇」

In this episode:

在這一集中

Battleship New Jersey—the most decorated ship of the U.S. Navy.

戰鬥艦 New Jersey，全美國海軍最壯麗的船艦

Naval battles in the beginning of the 20th century defined the evolution

在 20 世紀初期的海戰就已經定義了

of warships for decades to come.

未來十幾年戰艦的演進

The country that had the most battleships in its Navy

海軍擁有最多戰鬥艦的國家

could be considered an invincible master of the seas.

被認為可以主宰海洋

After World War I the U.S. and Japan started a true competition

在一次世界大戰之後，美國和日本

to build the most powerful fleet.

開始爭奪全世界最強的艦隊的競賽

By the end of the 1930s U.S. engineers designed a ship

在1930年代晚期，美國的工程師設計了一艘

that was destined to end the era of battleships by becoming the best of them.

註定會成為王者的戰鬥艦來結束戰鬥艦世代

The necessity of building new ships was caused by

1937年日本入侵中國

the Japanese assault on China in 1937.

造成了建造新船艦的必要性

All the leading countries of the world realized that war would break out sooner or later.

所有領先的國家都理解到戰爭有可能在近期展開

During these combat actions, the Americans somehow learned that the

在觀察了一些戰鬥之後

Japanese had heavy cruisers with powerful artillery armament.

美國理解到日軍有攜帶強大主砲的重型巡洋艦

How could they oppose these ships?

他們要怎麼樣對抗這些船艦呢？

A decision was made to build battleships with specific armament and speed.

他們做了一個決定，要建造特定火砲和速度的戰鬥艦

In 1939 the General Council of the U.S. Navy approved the project for a new battleship

1939年美國海軍總理事會同意

that was able to reach a speed of 33 knots.

建造速度可以達到 33 節的新戰鬥艦

The main ship of a new class named USS Iowa was laid down in June 1940.

新級別的主要船艦於1940年開始建造，並命名為 USS Iowa

A powerful ship with powerful armament, which had quite a high maximum speed.

一艘強大的船艦裝備有力的火砲 並且同時擁有算是非常高的極速

It would reach 33 knots according to the project.

據計畫，她將可以達到 33 節

Some destroyers are this quick, too.

有些驅逐艦也有這麼快

USS New Jersey became the second ship of its class.

USS New Jersey 成為同級別中的第二艘船艦

Her construction started at a Philadelphia shipyard and progressed at an unprecedented rate,

她的工程開始於費城的船廠，並以前所未有的速度建造

but after the attack on Pearl Harbor it was accelerated tenfold.

但是在珍珠港事件之後，則以十倍速加速建造

The battleship was launched on December 7, 1942—the first anniversary of this tragic event.

戰鬥艦於1942年12月啟航，也是這次悲劇發生後的週年

Total displacement: 57 and a half thousands tons

總排水量：57500 噸

Length: about 887 feet

船身長：大約 270 公尺

Beam: 108 feet 3 inches

船高：33 公尺

Draft: 36 feet 1 inch

船艦吃水：11 公尺

Armament:

武裝：

Primary armament: Nine Mark 7 guns in three triple turrets

主要武裝：九門三聯裝 Mark 7 艦砲

Caliber: 16 inches

口徑：406 公釐

Dual-purpose artillery: Twenty Mark 12 guns in ten coaxial Mark 28 turret mounts

兩用火砲：20 門 Mark 12 雙連裝同軸火砲裝在 Mark28 砲塔中

Caliber: 5 inches

口徑：128 公釐

Anti-aircraft artillery:

防空火砲：

Twenty quadruple Bofors gun mounts

24 座 Bofors 火砲

Forty-nine 0.8-inch Mark 2/3/4 Oerlikon autocannons

49 門 20 公釐 Mark 2/3/4 Oerlikon 機砲

Air group: Three Vought OS2U Kingfisher float planes

艦載機：三架 Vought OS2U Kingfisher 水上飛機

Armor: Main belt: 12.1 inches

主要裝甲帶：307 公釐

Primary armament turrets: up to 18.7 inches

主要砲塔裝甲：達到 476 公釐

Conning tower: up to 17.3 inches

指揮塔：達到 439.5 公釐

Maximum speed: up to 32 knots

最高時速：達到 32 節

Range: 20,150 nautical miles

航程：20,150 海浬

The 16-inch rifles on the Iowas were pretty much the epitome of naval gunnery.

裝在 Iowa 上的 406 口徑主砲大概就是海軍火砲的縮影

Beneath me, where I'm standing, there are several decks of ammunition handling,

在我的腳下有好幾層的彈藥艙

powder handling, and just motors to keep the entire turret running around.

火藥艙以及專門驅動整個砲塔旋轉的馬達

This is a 1700-ton turret mechanism that I'm standing on.

我正站在 1700 噸砲塔的機械結構上方

A powder magazine with 110-pound

火藥包中有 50 公斤的火藥

powder charges in silk bags was located in the lowest compartments,

裝在絲質布袋中，並置於最底層的船艙

adjacent to the stationary part of a turret.

鄰近砲塔固定的部分

They were transported to the loading compartment through a system of conveyors and elevators.

它們經由運送機和升降機運送到填彈艙室

This arrow goes to red to let me know there is a bag in here.

箭頭指向紅色的時候代表這裡有藥包

I'm gonna open this, the bag will come out,

我將會打開這個，藥包會出來

and then I'm gonna roll the bag into here.

我要把藥包滾進這裡

And then I'm gonna let them know, on the other side, that there is a bag in that scuttle.

然後我就需要通知他們 在另一邊，艙口中就會出現一包藥包

The sailors here would stay in here and the sailors in there would stay in there.

在這裡的船員會待在這裡 在那裏的船員會待在那邊

Let me show you how all this works.

我來讓您看看這要如何運作

So, once the powder bag is in the scuttle, we know that the arrow is on red,

當藥包在艙口中的時候，我們知道箭頭會指向紅色

they've put it there.

有人把它放到這邊

Then we have to open this one.

然後我要打開這個

That brings out the 110-pound powder bag, and then the sailors would have

這會帶出 50 公斤重的藥包，船員將需要把它搬起來

to lift it and then put it right in here, onto this tray.

然後放到這個托盤上

And there'll be three bags here, three bags here. This is the elevator car right in here.

而這裡會有三包 那裏也會有三包，起降機托盤就在裡面

When the elevator car came down, they would push in all six bags into the elevator car and then the car

當起降機抵達的時候 他們會將這六包都推進起降托盤中

would bring the bags up to the gun house,

並運送到火砲室

so that they could be put into the rifle.

所以它們可以被裝填到火砲中

The munitions themselves can vary in design, usually, depending on the size of the ammunition.

彈藥的設計可以非常多樣化 大多數的時候是決定於彈藥本身的大小

So, 16-inch shells, similar to these, you could not have a single cartridge of that size.

所以 406 公釐的彈藥，類似於這個 您很難有這麼大的單一彈藥

It would be just too heavy, too unwieldy.

會太重且使用困難

As it is, these things are pretty much a ton in weight, so you have to load

現在的這個彈藥重量大約為一噸

projectiles separately from the propellants.

所以您將需要把彈身和藥包分開

First of all, a shell should have been inserted in the gun barrel.

首先，砲彈要先裝填到砲管中

Shells were stored in a two-storied annular magazine inside the turret's barbette.

砲彈存放在砲塔的雙層環狀儲存區

A separate hoist was used to feed them.

另一個升降機會用來裝填

Normally it would be slid over to the hoist, once it's placed in there, a hoist operator

一般來說，它會滑到起降機上，當它到達這個位置

would use this handle, pushing it all the way over, causing the projectile to go up.

起重機操作員會使用這個握把，推到底讓彈藥身往上

The loading process takes about 30 seconds and when the gun is ready to fire,

裝填的時間大約會花掉 30 秒的時間，當火砲準備射擊的時候

all that's left to do is pull the trigger.

剩下需要做的就是扣下板機了

First, we have to let everyone know we're about to fire.

首先我們需要讓所有人知道我們要準備開火了

So we sound the salvo alarm.

所以我們打響齊射警鐘

Around a ship it sounds like... Down here it's a bell.

整艘船會聽到這樣的聲音，在這下面是一座警鈴

Then we're ready to fire.

然後我們就準備好開火了

This is the manual trigger right here, once it's pulled, the guns are fired.

這裡是手動板機，一旦扣下板機，火砲就會開火

Ultimately though, the design comes down simply to a really-really big version of the

總結來說，火砲的設計就類似於一支在您家中的 7.62 公釐口徑步槍

7.62 rifle you have at home.

只是它非常非常的巨大，

There is a driving band usually copper, which meshes with the rifling,

這裡有個通常為銅製的輸送帶

the grooves inside the cannon.

會與火砲內部的凹槽嚙合,

Then it goes bang, the blast sends the projectile down range,

然後就有爆炸聲 Bang，爆炸的威力把彈頭打出去

recoil comes back, open the breech, clear out the fumes with usually a jet

後座力往回推，打開砲栓，通常用壓縮空氣來清理煙霧

of compressed air, put another in, pointy end first, pour propellant, close the breech, re-engage.

重新裝填, 尖頭朝前 裝入推進藥, 關閉砲尾，重新攻擊

Mark 7 guns installed on New Jersey were considerably more powerful than the previous model—Mark 6.

裝在 New Jersey 上的 Mark 7 火砲相較於舊的 Mark 6 火力更強

They had the same diameter of 16 inches

它們的口徑一樣為 406 公釐

but the barrel of Mark 7 guns was longer, which increased the muzzle velocity of shells

但是 Mark7 的砲管更長，同時也增加了砲口砲彈初速

and, accordingly, its destructive potential.

以及殺傷力

If we take a look at the biggest Japanese Yamato-class battleships,

如果我們看日本最大的戰鬥艦 Yamato 級

they had a caliber of 18.1 inches.

她的主砲為 460 公釐

It's an enormous barrel, two skinny men could easily fit in there.

這是極為巨大的砲管，兩個身材較瘦的男人可以毫無壓力的塞到裡面

However, they used heavy shells, which created problems.

無論如何，他們用重型彈藥，而這造成了一些問題

It didn't matter how long the Japanese made the barrels on Yamato,

不管 Yamato 的砲管有多長

their shells had a lower muzzle velocity.

砲彈的初速就是比較低

So, the primary armament of Iowas,

所以儘管 Iowa 級

New Jersey in particular, had a caliber of 16 inches

的 New Jersey 的主艦砲口徑只有 406 公釐

but was on par with the power of 18.1-inch shells of Yamato.

但是與 Yamato 的 460 公釐主砲威力相同

The diameter is smaller, but the power is almost the same as on Yamato-class battleships.

主砲口徑較小，但是威力差不多與 Yamato 級戰鬥艦相當

And that was unique.

而這是非常獨特的

However, all the ship's engineering advantages and powerful weaponry

無論如何，船艦的所有工程科技優勢以及強大的武器

would be nothing without her crew.

都沒辦法在沒有船員的情況下運作

It's the crew that makes her a formidable combat unit.

只有船員才能讓她成為厲害的作戰單位

At the moment of launch the battleship's complement consisted of almost 2,000 men.

在戰鬥艦啟程的那一刻，船上需要大約 2000 名船員

Later, when the Pacific campaign was in full swing, the crew of New Jersey was extended to 3,000.

在後來太平洋戰役打的最激烈的時候，New Jersey 上的船員增加到 3000 名

It's really difficult to understand how all these people worked and interacted on this ship.

很難理解這些人如何在船上一起工作和互動

Of course, the battleship was very big, but still 3,000 men in a closed space—

當然戰鬥艦非常巨大，但是要想像 3000 名船員在這樣近距離的空間工作

it's quite hard.

還是不容易

Imagine: nighttime, the ship is sailing forward, everyone is asleep.

想像在晚間，當船在往前開時，所有人都在睡覺

And all of a sudden...

突然間...

General quarters. Airborne threat detected. People wake up and they don't even understand

一級戰備狀態的警鐘響起，空襲警報，人們起床

what's happening.

卻不知道發生甚麼事

They run reflexively without needing to think about where they're going.

他們反射性的衝向戰鬥位置，甚至不需要思考

And it's all very simple. On the starboard side you run to the bow, and on the port side you run to the aft.

一切都非常簡單，在右舷的要往船艏跑，在左舷則往船尾跑

And there are many airlocks on the way, and sailors are running one after another,

途中有許多氣閘，水手一個接一個的往前跑

going up and down the stairs, and the first few minutes looks like complete chaos.

在樓梯上往上或往下移動，在前一分鐘還看起來非常混亂

However, in just two or three minutes everything is calm, the ship is in complete order.

但是大概只要兩三分鐘，船上的船員都已經井然有序

Nobody is running, all men are at their battle stations.

沒有人在奔跑，所有人都已經到達作戰位置

Everyone is already at their post and ready to carry out their duties.

所有人都已經抵達崗位，準備要執行他們的任務

And then comes the battle, the shooting starts.

然後，戰鬥開始，火砲齊射

You have to stay at your battle station until you receive the order to leave it.

您需要留在您的戰鬥位置直到收到離開的命令

If there is no such order, you have to fight, shoot, and hold your position.

如果沒有這樣的命令，您需要戰鬥、射擊並且守住您的位置

And all 3,000 men know this drill. That's a battleship for you.

而 3000 名船員都知道這樣的訓練，這就是貨真價實的戰鬥艦

The battleship New Jersey, nicknamed \"Big J\" by her crew,

在經歷1944年2月17號戰火的洗禮之後

underwent her baptism by fire on February 17, 1944.

戰鬥艦 New Jersey 的組員以「Big J」當作她的綽號

The objective of a U.S. operation was to capture a major Japanese fleet base on Truk island.

美軍的主要任務為搶奪日本在土魯克的主要艦隊基地

Nine aircraft carriers, seven battleships, ten submarines and about forty-five ships

九艘航空母艦、七艘戰鬥艦、十艘潛艇

of other types took part in the offensive.

以及其他四十五艘各式艦種參與了攻擊

When any major combat formations are on the move, an avant-garde is always assigned.

當任何主要戰鬥隊伍在前進的時候，一定會派出前哨部隊

The advance guard. Screening, reconnaissance, and so on.

這些位於前方的守衛，要在隱蔽的同時偵查...

Two battleships were assigned to the avant-garde. Those were Iowa and New Jersey.

兩艘戰鬥艦被派去當作前哨，分別是 Iowa 和 New Jersey

Two heavy cruisers and four destroyers, in addition.

另外還包含兩艘重型巡洋艦以及四艘驅逐艦

This powerful force was acting as the avant-garde.

這對強大的艦隊扮演著前衛的角色

On this day, the Task Force encountered a Japanese unit,consisting of the training cruiser Katori,

在這一天，前哨部隊遇到日軍單位、訓練巡洋艦 Katori

two destroyers, and the armed trawler Shonan Maru

兩艘驅逐艦以及武裝拖船 Shonan Maru

The balance of forces did not leave a single option for the Japanese.

攻擊艦隊並沒有留給日軍任何選擇

Even without using her primary armament guns, New Jersey and her escorts

在沒有使用主要火砲的情況下，New Jersey 以及她的護衛艦

sank three enemy ships; only destroyer Nowaki was able to escape.

擊沉三艘敵艦，只有驅逐艦 Nowaki有辦法逃走

It's noteworthy that this 30-minute battle, however insignificant it was,

這 30 分鐘戰鬥是值得關注的，就算它並沒有那麼重要

became the first and the last encounter of Iowa-class battleships with the enemy in the high seas.

但這也成為 Iowa 級的第一次同時也是最後一次在公海上的交戰

In later service, ships of this class

在後期的服役階段中，這樣等級的船艦

used their armament only against shore targets and aircraft.

只用她們的武裝執行岸轟以及防空任務

New Jersey demonstrated in her first battle

New Jersey 在第一次戰鬥中

that battleships had started to play secondary roles.

以戰鬥艦的身分扮演配角

Aircraft carriers and carrier aviation became the main striking force of naval warfare.

航空母艦以及艦載機部隊成為海軍戰場上的主要攻擊武力

At the same time, we need to understand that an aircraft carrier

同時我們也需要知道航空母艦

can't fight alone. It would be too vulnerable.

沒辦法單獨作戰，她太容易受傷了

Battleships became reliable cover for aircraft carriers.

戰鬥艦在掩護航空母艦上非常可靠

Thanks to their excellent sea-going capabilities

感謝於她們傑出的遠洋作戰能力

they formed an integral battle complex with aircraft carriers.

她們與航空母艦組成複雜的戰鬥群

New Jersey had to use all of her anti-aircraft armament to fight off enemy planes multiple times

當 New Jersey 在保護友軍船艦的時候，她需要多次運用所有的防空火力

whilst protecting allied ships.

來擊退敵軍飛機

If you watch newsreels from that time, you'll see that the whole sky is covered with bursts.

如果您觀看當時的新聞影片，您將會看到整片天空都被爆炸給遮蔽

Let's ask ourselves: where did these bursts come from?

我們問我們自己，這些爆炸是從哪兒來的呢?

Who was shooting?

是誰在射擊呢?

It was battleships that provided the main protection against the airborne threat.

其實就是戰鬥艦在提供對空中威脅的掩護

They took positions around carrier task forces or were assigned to separate

她們在航母戰鬥群旁待命，或是在同樣的作戰方向上

tactical groups in the main direction.

分成好幾個戰術團

And that became their primary objective.

而防空就成為了她們的主要任務

Up until the end of World War II, battleship New Jersey used her primary guns

在二次世界大戰結束之前，New Jersey 使用她的主砲

to bombard positions of the Japanese army on the Mili, Saipan, and Okinawa islands.

對在米利、塞班和沖繩島上的日本陸軍岸轟

The battleship took part in fighting off enemy air raids against U.S. aircraft carrier formations

戰鬥艦也協同航空母艦編隊在菲律賓海反擊敵空軍的突擊

in the Philippine Sea, and provided support for landing troops.

並提供登陸部隊支援火力

Thanks to the well-coordinated work of her crew and her captain,

感謝訓練良好的船員和艦長的協同作戰

New Jersey didn't receive any significant damage throughout her years of service.

New Jersey 在她服役的歲月中並沒有遭受甚麼重大損害

She also performed brilliantly in U.S. military campaigns

她同時在美軍 20 世紀後期的軍事行動中

in the second half of the 20th century.

像是韓戰、越戰、黎巴嫩

Korea, Vietnam, Lebanon, and the Persian Gulf.

以及波斯灣戰役中表現傑出

“Big J” received 19 battle stars and is considered to be the most decorated ship of the U.S. Navy.

「Big J」得到 19 枚 Battle Star 勳章，並被視其為美國海軍最壯麗的船艦

New Jersey showed her colors in almost every port where she visited.

New Jersey 在每一個她到到過的港口展現她的丰采

With the arrival of missile technology, the battleship had a second life as a unique U.S.Navy

飛彈科技的到來讓戰鬥艦有了第二生命，讓她成為非常獨特的船艦

ship combining her incredibly powerful artillery with the new armament type.

結合了火力強大的主砲以及新的武裝

The Iowa-class battleships have a unique fate.

Iowa 級戰鬥艦有個特別的命運

They began service in 1944 and were officially decommissioned by the U.S. Navy

她於1944年開始服役

in only 2012.

而在2012年從美國海軍退役

Battleship New Jersey stands out a little in this respect.

New Jersey 相對於其他同級船艦有一些不一樣

For example, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Missouri participated in approximately four wars,

舉例來說，Iowa、Wisconsin 和 Missouri 參加了大約 4 場戰役

while New Jersey managed to distinguish herself during the Vietnam War as well.

但 New Jersey 卻可以在越戰的時候脫穎而出

And she was the only ship from the legendary four that was on active service in the Persian Gulf.

而她也是四艘傳奇船艦中唯一在波斯灣戰爭中作戰的船艦

Battleship New Jersey is a museum now and there are few ships as deserving as her, she is the pride

New Jersey 戰鬥艦現在是一座博物館，而也只有幾艘船有像她一樣的地位

of the American people.

她是美國人的驕傲

A sailor who served aboard USS New Jersey

在船上服役的船員是可以

is someone that can be proud of their ship, country, and themselves.

以 USS New Jersey、國家以及他們自己驕傲的一群人