Name: 【環境教育】當呼吸不再安全...中國要怎麼遏止空汙？ (How China Is Scrambling for Clean Air)
Uploaded: 2019-06-06T21:01:20.000Z
Duration: 4 min 19 s

At its worst, Beijing's air quality looked like this.

最嚴重時北京的空氣品質看起來像這樣。

基礎被動語態

In 2013, the air quality was deemed unhealthy or hazardous for over half the year.

2013 年有超過半年的時間空氣品質被認定不健康，甚至是危險的。

Peaking in Beijing at 35 times the World Health Organisation's recommended limit.

並在北京創下高峰—比世衛組織建議的標準高了 35 倍。

It was so bad that Premier Li Keqiang declared a "war on pollution" at China's annual high profile National People's Congress.

情況糟到總理李克強於每年高調舉辦的人民代表大會上向空汙宣戰。

Five years later, in March 2019, as Premier Li again opened the NPC meetings, the smog outside was still ten times worse than what the WHO defines as healthy.

五年後的 2019 年三月，當李總理再次為全國人大揭開序幕，外頭的霧霾仍舊比世衛組織定義的健康標準糟上 10 倍。

Even as China cracks down on pollution like never before, the country remains one of the world's worst polluters.

即便以前所未有的決心打擊空汙，中國依然名列全球最主要的汙染源國家。

This is your Bloomberg QuickTake on China's smog.

今天彭博 QuickTake 節目要來探討中國的霧霾問題。

China overtook the U.S. as the world's biggest source of greenhouse gases in 2006, helping put the globe on a path to miss United Nations' targets aimed at stemming the rise in the earth's temperature.

2006 年中國超越美國成為全球最大的溫室氣體排放國，使得全世界日益偏離聯合國為遏止氣溫上升所設下的目標。

This cheap power from coal and cheap factory production that's powered by coal has helped China turn into this economic giant.

煤帶來的廉價能源及工廠生產，使中國得以成長為現在這樣的經濟巨人。

That has helped produce cheap goods for the rest of the world and helped drive the world's economy.

不僅幫全世界生產便宜貨品，也促進了全球經濟。

And so in a sense, Chinese people are paying a tax in breathing this bad air for the benefit of consumers all over the world.

因此某種意義上來說全世界消費者享受的背後，是中國百姓擔起了稅負—呼吸髒空氣。

The WHO estimates more than 1 million Chinese died from dirty air in 2016.

世衛組織估計 2016 年，有超過一百萬名中國人因髒空氣死亡。

Another study puts the tally even higher at 4,000 deaths a day.

另一項研究更把統計數字拉高到每天 4000 筆死亡。

Pollution is said to have been the main cause of social unrest in recent years.

據說近幾年來汙染問題一直是社會動盪的主因。

With social media helping to amplify complaints.

在社群媒體幫助下，抱怨的力道變得更強。

On Weibo, China's Twitter-like online platform, people blamed factories for polluting the air and the government for not doing enough.

在微博上—中國類似推特的平台—人民責怪工廠汙染空氣、政府應對不足。

In February 2015, a Chinese investigative journalist published a self-funded documentary about the country's air pollution problem.

2015 年二月，中國一位調查記者發布了一部資金自籌、關於中國空汙問題的紀錄片。

More than 100 million people watched "Under the Dome" before it was banned from Chinese video websites six days after its release.

發布六天後，《穹頂之下》被禁止出現在中國影音網站；但在這之前已經有超過一億人觀看。

Shortly after, President Xi Jinping pledged to unleash an iron hand to punish environmental polluters.

習近平總統旋即保證將對環境污染者迅速祭出鐵腕措施。

In the last few years, the government has spent billions of yuan tightening environmental regulations.

最近幾年來，中國政府已花費幾十億人民幣來強化環境管控。

Scrapping coal-fired power plants and switching millions of homes and businesses from coal to natural gas.

停用火力發電廠，並協助使用煤炭的數百萬戶家庭與企業改用天然氣。

The regulations and policies have worked.

The US State Department monitors particulate matter in the air in its Beijing embassy.

美國國務院於北京大使館監測空氣中的懸浮微粒。

And these recordings showed that 2018 was the lowest level in a decade.

根據這些紀錄，2018 年達到十年來最低的水準。

And the winter of 2017 and 2018 was one of the best as far as air quality goes.

而就空氣品質而言，2017-18 年冬季是有史以來最好的。

It's not perfect, but it's much, much better than the heyday of the 2013 pollution problems.

這並不完美，但比起 2013 年的汙染問題高峰已經好了太多。

China is now the world's biggest investor in green energy.

在綠色能源方面，中國現在是全球最大的投資者。

It spent over $100 billion in 2018, which was 56% more than the U.S.

2018 年中國花了一千多億，比美國當時多了 56%。

Initiatives have included supporting the electric vehicle industry by providing subsidies for EV buyers.

新措施包含以提供購買補助的方式來支持電動車產業。

And helping build out infrastructure that allows electric cars to drive and charge around its cities.

並且協助興建基礎建設，提供城市裡的電動車行駛、充電。

EV sales are huge in China. It's the biggest market in the world for electric vehicles.

在中國電動車銷售規模很大。中國是電動車最大的市場。

It's not just cars as well. Electric buses are a huge deal in China.

不僅是自用車，中國的電動公車也正盛行。

China is betting big on solar energy as well.

中國在太陽能方面也投下巨資。

In 2019, over a third of the world's solar panels are estimated to be installed in China.

2019 年據估計全球將有超過三分之一的太陽能板於中國安裝。

But the war on pollution promises to be a long one.

然而打擊汙染之路勢必又遠又長。

Four decades of breakneck economic growth have turned China into the world's biggest carbon emitter.

40 年來令人咋舌的經濟成長使中國成為全球最大的碳排國。

And it's still going to depend on coal for years to come.

未來幾年對煤炭能源的依賴仍會持續。