Placeholder Image

字幕列表 影片播放

  • We are hooked on meat.

    我們對肉品著迷。

  • We chop, slice, and sink our teeth into it,

    我們剁碎、削薄片,用牙齒啃咬肉品

  • it's rooted in our genes and culture,

    這樣的行為根植在我們的基因、我們的文化中

  • and globally speaking, appetites are on the rise.

    而且在世界各地來說,大家對吃的慾望不斷上升。

  • The average amount of meat consumed per person has nearly doubled in the past 50 years.

    過去 50 年來平均每人肉品消費數量已多出一倍。

  • And this demand is putting an incredible amount of pressure on the world's resources.

    而這樣的需求給世界資源帶來巨大的壓力。

  • Is there a way to feed everyone and help the planet at the same time?

    是不是有個方法可以同時餵飽所有人又能幫助地球呢?

  • Scientists think they might have found something in a new supplement plucked from the ocean.

    科學家認為他們可能從海底摘來的東西裡發現了一種新的補充品。

  • Here at UC Davis's Beef Barn, a team of scientists and students are mixing together

    在加州大學戴維斯分校的牛肉穀倉中,一組由科學家與學生組成的團隊

  • molasses and a special kind of seaweed.

    將糖漿與一種特殊海草混合在一起。

  • They'll sprinkle it over the cow's meals, like a nutritional boost.

    他們會將它撒在奶牛的飼料上,像是營養增強品。

  • We're using for low dose about a quarter of a percent.

    我們只使用低劑量,大約 0.25%

  • In our high dose is half a percent.

    我們的高劑量則是 0.5%。

  • It may not seem like much, but this dash of seaweed is part of a new diet that could help

    看起來似乎不多,但這種少量海草攙和物是新飲食菜單的一部份

  • curb greenhouse gas emissions in cows.

    可以幫助抑制奶牛的溫室氣體排放。

  • Livestock are responsible for about 14 and a half percent of the greenhouse gas emissions.

    溫室氣體排放量中畜牧業大約佔 14.5%。

  • And cattle are far and away the biggest contributors.

    而牛隻是其中排放量最大的。

  • Usually when you hear about methane from cattle you think about cow farts and it's actually

    通常當你聽到從牛身上排放的甲烷,你會想到奶牛的屁

  • the complete opposite.

    但其實完全不是這麼回事。

  • Methane from cattle mostly comes from the burps.

    從牛身上排放出甲烷的途徑大部分是打嗝。

  • But methane does not stay too long in the atmosphere, it actually gets destroyed

    但甲烷不會在大氣中存在太久,其實甲烷

  • in about ten to twelve years.

    在十年到十二年內就會被破壞。

  • However, it does have a global warming potential

    然而,甲烷還是有讓全球暖化的可能性

  • and traps heat within our atmosphere at about 28 times greater than carbon dioxide.

    並且在我們的大氣中保存的熱能大約是二氧化碳的 28 倍。

  • But the world's 1.5 billion cows really can't help themselves, it's in their biology.

    但世界上 15 億頭奶牛真的無法自制,因為這是牠們的生物本能。

  • A majority of the methane that comes from the animal itself is actually through enteric fermentation.

    來自動物本身的甲烷大部分其實是腸道的發酵作用。

  • There's microbial populations within their stomach and these microbial populations

    在牠們的胃裡有微生物菌種,這些菌種

  • are actually degrading the feed and producing byproducts that the cows either absorb

    其實是在降解飼料並且生產副產品,這些副產品是奶牛可以吸收作為養分的

  • into nutrients, or other microbes actually ingest them and create other byproducts.

    或是其他微生物可以攝取並產生其他副產品。

  • Methane is one of these byproducts.

    甲烷就是其中一個副產品。

  • Greenhouse gas emissions are very much related to the quality of diet, the more forage,

    溫室氣體排放跟飲食的質量密切相關,越多飼料

  • the more fiber, you get proportionately more methane emissions.

    就有越多纖維,相對地就會有越多甲烷排放。

  • And that's why this seaweed, Asparagopsis, is so intriguing

    那也是為什麼這種海草,蘆筍藻

  • to an international community of scientists.

    對全世界的科學家來說是如此的有趣。

  • It was first found in Australia.

    最剛開始是在澳洲發現的。

  • Some of this Asparagopsis was introduced into a Petri dish with the bacteria from the cow guts.

    有一些蘆筍藻會跟奶牛腸道裡的細菌一起引入培養皿。

  • They could actually prevent methane from being produced.

    它們實際上可以防止甲烷產生。

  • It struck me that this is something that could also work quite well in real animals.

    這讓我震驚的是,在真正的動物身上也可以很好的發揮作用。

  • Asparagopsis has an active ingredient called bromoform.

    蘆筍藻有種叫三溴甲烷的活性成分。

  • It basically acts as an inhibitor to an enzyme that's required by the microbes to convert hydrogen into methane.

    它基本上是作為微生物將氫轉為甲烷的酶的抑制劑。

  • It disrupts that process so that methane is not formed.

    它破壞了整個過程讓甲烷不會產生。

  • Once the cows finish their dinner, the team will calculate their emissions to see if the

    一旦奶牛吃完晚餐,團隊就會計算牠們的排放量

  • seaweed is doing the trick.

    看看海草是不是有用。

  • We use a machine called green feed.

    我們利用一個稱作綠色飼料的機器。

  • When an animal walks in it reads their ear tag, it drops down feed, and they get to stay

    當一隻動物走過去,它會讀取牠們耳朵上的標籤,然後飼料落下

  • there and eat feed.

    牛隻就會留在原地吃飼料。

  • Usually they barrel in there, but these young steers were a bit camera shy.

    通常牠們會速戰速決,但這些年輕小牛在攝影機前有點害羞。

  • The machine will take their sample of the breath and will then automatically analyze it.

    機器會採集牠們的呼吸樣本,然後自動分析它。

  • You can actually monitor it in real time.

    實際上你可以實時監控它。

  • And their first study with dairy cows netted some promising results.

    他們首次對酪農業的奶牛研究獲得了一些有希望的結果。

  • What we saw was a reduction of up to 60 percent when we feed 1 percent of seaweed to the cows.

    我們看到的結果是當我們餵了 1% 的海草給奶牛,最多可以減少 60%。

  • What we've seen so far is the amount of methane that can be reduced is proportional to the

    到目前為止我們看到的是可以減少的甲烷量

  • amount of bromoform that the seaweed contains.

    跟海草含有的三溴甲烷量成正比。

  • This second study with beef steers will be looking into the overall health of the animal.

    跟肉品牛隻有關的第二項研究將探討動物的整體健康狀況。

  • These animals will be eating seaweed for approximately 200 days.

    這些動物食用海草的時間大約 200 天。

  • We'll be able to capture that, if there's any long term benefits to feeding seaweed.

    如果餵食海草有任何長期益處,我們就能夠捕捉到。

  • If it increases any weight gain, we'll be able to see that as well.

    如果它促使體重增加,我們也能夠看到。

  • And another big question on everyone's mind:

    大家心中還有另一個大問題:

  • we will have taste panels.

    我們會有品嚐小組。

  • They will tell us if they can pick up differences in meat quality from steers

    他們會告訴我們那些有被餵食海草的牛隻

  • that have been fed seaweed and those that were not fed seaweed.

    跟沒有被餵食海草的牛隻之間肉質有沒有任何差異。

  • So while they're trying to understand how Asparagopsis will affect cow health and wellbeing,

    所以當他們試著了解蘆筍藻如何影響奶牛健康與福利

  • we're trying to understand how to influence Asparagopsis' health and wellbeing.

    我們試著了解如何影響蘆筍藻的健康與福利。

  • Dr. Jennifer Smith is a marine biologist at UC San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

    Jennifer‧Smith 博士是加州大學聖地牙哥斯克里普斯海洋學研究所的海洋生物學家。

  • She's working with the UC Davis team to see how we can cultivate seaweed responsibly,

    她正在跟加州大學戴維斯團隊合作看看我們如何可靠地培育海草

  • so this potential solution doesn't become a whole new problem.

    不讓這個潛在的解決方案成為一個全新的問題。

  • Asparagopsis taxiformis is incredibly beautiful red seaweed.

    蘆筍藻是種非常漂亮的紅色海草。

  • It produces a lot of really unique chemical compounds, and some of these chemical compounds

    它製造很多非常獨特的化合物,而有一些化合物

  • have been found to be really valuable.

    已經被發現是非常有價值的。

  • Just because we find that it could, potentially, mitigate methane production in cows

    只是因為我們發現它可能、有機會,可以減少奶牛製造的甲烷

  • doesn't mean that tomorrow we're ready to mass produce Asparagopsis.

    不代表我們馬上就準備好大量生產蘆筍藻。

  • I knew, given the complexity of this seaweed's life cycle, that it was gonna take a bit of research.

    我知道,有鑑於這種海草生命週期的複雜性,我們需要稍微花點時間研究它。

  • When you look at Asparagopsis growing in the wild, you often see these large, pink, feathery,

    當你看到野生的蘆筍藻,你常常會看到很大的、粉紅色的、像羽毛般柔軟的

  • iridescent, beautiful plants, and that is one of the stages of Asparagopsis

    色彩斑斕的美麗植物,那是蘆筍藻生長期的某一階段

  • that eventually grow into another phase, and that phase looks a little bit like a pink cotton ball.

    最終它們會成長到另一個階段,在那個階段看起來有點像是粉紅色的棉花球。

  • It's a filamentous, very delicate phase.

    這是一個有如絲狀、很精緻的階段。

  • To date, nobody has really completed the life cycle of Asparagopsis in cultivation.

    到目前為止,還沒有人真的以培育的方式栽培出蘆筍藻的生命週期。

  • In my laboratory at Scripps, we're manipulating things like light, temperature, and nutrient

    在斯克里普斯的實驗室中,我們正在控制光線、溫度與養分濃度這樣的變因

  • concentrations to explore growth rates and chemical composition of the tissue.

    以利探索組織的成長速度跟化學成分。

  • If you can alter light or temperature and you can get a doubling of growth, that's going to

    如果你改變光線或溫度後可以獲得兩倍的生產速度

  • be really important for thinking about scaling up cultivation.

    那對考慮到提升栽培規模來說是非常重要的。

  • Like the UC Davis team, this research project is at very early stages.

    就像加州大學戴維斯團隊,這個研究專案還在很初期的階段

  • There's so much to be done, and it's such an exciting time.

    還有很多事情要做,而且這是個非常激勵人心的時刻。

  • Ultimately, what we need to know is how fast can we grow Asparagopsis,

    最後,我們需要知道的是我們可以讓蘆筍藻長得多快

  • how much space do we need,

    我們需要多少空間

  • how much resources do we need,

    我們需要多少資源

  • how can we scale this to make it viable as a supplement on a global scale.

    我們如何擴展規模,讓它能夠成為全球規模的補充品。

  • We don't want to have a cultivation facility that requires a ton of electricity and power

    我們不想要一個需要大量電力、能源的栽培設施

  • in order to grow the seaweed, because we're trying to, ultimately,

    就為了種植這個海草,因為我們最終是想要

  • reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce our carbon footprint.

    減少溫室氣體排放以及減少我們的碳足跡。

  • There's hope that if this proves out, all cows around the world could have this supplement added to their diets.

    我們有個期望是如果這個研究證實可行,能在世界上所有奶牛的日常飲食中加入這個補充品。

  • It'd be a small tweak with big ramifications.

    這會是個微小的調整,但帶來深遠的影響。

  • I think every sector, including the animal agriculture sector, needs to find ways to reduce their overall greenhouse gas emissions.

    我認為所有部門,包括動物農業部門,都需要找到減少它們溫室氣體總排放量的方法。

  • We have to be working towards a more sustainable system.

    我們必須努力建立一個更永續的系統。

  • It could be complementary to other things that would help in reducing emissions.

    跟其他有助於減少排放量的事物相輔相成。

  • And so if feeding seaweed at a cost effective way that doesn't negatively affect these animals,

    因此,如果以不會對這些動物造成負面影響又有成本效益的方式餵食海草

  • I think it's a viable way for us to actually meet those standards.

    我想這對我們想要實際達成這些標準來說是可行的方法。

  • For more science documentaries, check out this one right here.

    想要更多科學紀錄,看看畫面上這一部影片吧!

  • Don't forget to subscribe and keep coming back to Seeker for more videos.

    別忘了訂閱並回來 Seeker 看更多的影片。

We are hooked on meat.

我們對肉品著迷。

字幕與單字

單字即點即查 點擊單字可以查詢單字解釋