Name: 【環境教育】這些科學家幫助培育珊瑚小寶寶！ (Racing to Save Dying Coral Reefs)
Uploaded: 2019-05-05T21:01:30.000Z
Duration: 6 min 18 s

Coral reefs are some of the oldest and most fundamental ecosystems on the planet.

珊瑚礁是地球上最古老、最根本的生態系統之一。

25% of all marine life, at some point, lives on a coral reef.

某程度而言，有 25% 的海洋生物都住在珊瑚礁。

對地球上的生物來說，他們不可或缺。

But, there is not a single coral reef that is not under threat.

然而現在全球的珊瑚礁都遭受威脅。

Our goal is to save the biodiversity and genetic diversity of coral reefs around the world.

我們的目標是拯救世界各地的生態多樣性和珊瑚礁的基因多樣性。

We are the fertility clinic of the ocean.

I'm a senior research scientist at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, at the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology.

我是史密森尼生物保育機構的高級研究科學家，分屬於夏威夷海洋生物機構。

Which is in the middle of Kane'ohe Bay, on the island of Oahu.

就位在瓦胡島卡內奧赫灣的中間。

It is one of the most beautiful and important coral research centers in the world, because we are surrounded by coral reefs.

這是世界上其中一個最美麗、最重要的珊瑚研究中心，我們正是被珊瑚礁圍繞著。

Coral is the most magnificent animal on earth.

I want all of our children, and our grandchildren, our nieces and nephews, to see coral reefs, in just the splendor that they are today.

我希望我們所有的孩子和子子孫孫，每一位後代，都能夠見到如當今一般絢爛的珊瑚礁。

The biggest threat to coral reefs is climate change.

珊瑚礁最大的威脅就是氣候變遷。

Like many organisms, ourselves included, we have a range that we can live comfortably in.

和多數生物體一樣，我們人類也是，有一定的舒適生活範圍。

So, when the coral reaches two degrees above its normal range, it will often bleach.

所以當珊瑚面臨溫度高於正常範圍兩度的環境，往往就會白化。

When coral go through this very stressful bleaching event, it's like us going through a major medical event, like a heart attack.

當珊瑚遭逢這類極端的白化過程，就好比人經歷了一場大病，例如心臟病。

At some point in the relatively near future we may have bleaching events almost every year.

在不遠的將來，我們甚至可能每年都會遇到白化現象。

And, if that happens, reproduction will stop, and the coral will no longer be able to adapt to changing conditions in the oceans.

要是發生了，繁殖就會停滯，珊瑚就再也無法適應海洋環境的改變。

What we do in our laboratory is we are working on saving coral biodiversity and genetic diversity.

我們在實驗室做的，就是努力挽救珊瑚的生態多樣性以及基因多樣性。

And, we use cryopreservation to freeze sperm, fertilized eggs, and also small coral fragments.

我們利用低溫冷凍珊瑚精子，使卵子受精，也保存小型珊瑚碎片。

We had to invent the processes and the tools to cryopreserve them.

我們必須創造一套流程和工具好低溫儲存這些珊瑚樣本。

It gives you the power to reseed the oceans in the future.

這讓我們在未來能夠復育海洋生態。

Collecting coral sperm is very difficult.

It is one of the most reproductively restricted animals on earth.

牠是地球上繁殖能力最受限的動物之一。

Some species do it for two nights a year, for 40 minutes each night.

有些品種一年只有兩晚繁殖期，一晚只持續 40 分鐘。

People think of the giant panda as being restricted, but they actual have more time for reproduction than a coral reef does.

人們認為熊貓繁殖能力已經很受限了，但牠們其實還比珊瑚礁有更長的繁殖期。

It's really amazing to see coral spawn, because it's like this inverted blizzard.

珊瑚產卵的景象是很令人驚艷的，看起來就像是大雪逆飛。

There's just eggs, and sperm, and fish, and it's very, very lively.

空間中散佈著卵和精子還有魚，非常非常有生命力。

It's like being at this wild rock concert underwater.

就好像參加一場海底搖滾演唱會。

There's a couple ways we can collect sperm.

If they're endangered species we have to actually put a net over them.

如果是瀕臨品種，我們要在牠們上頭佈一張網。

And then, the egg sperm bundles rise in the net and we collect them in a small tube.

然後卵子和精子會一團團地升到網中，我們再用小試管收集。

And we're a very small group, but we've managed to conserve over 30 species in our banks worldwide.

我們團隊很小，但我們遍佈世界的儲存庫已經成功保存了 30 種品種。

One of the really important aspects of having a bank is that it be in a secure location.

設立儲存庫的一個關鍵是要在一個安全的地點。

我們在這裡有一個很小的儲存庫。

We hold things here and then we move them to a much more secure place, which is the USDA Animal Germplasm Repository in Fort Collins, Colorado.

我們在這裡暫放樣本，然後移到一個比較安全的地方，也就是位於科羅拉多州科林斯堡的美國農業部動物育種庫。

Once Mary has collected and frozen the samples in Hawaii, they are shipped here for long-term storage.

Mary 一旦在夏威夷收集並且冷凍好樣本，它們就會被送到這裡長期保存。

We have the world's largest collection of genetic resources in terms of animals, plants, and microbes.

我們有世界上最大的基因資源庫，包含動植物和微生物。

It was specially constructed to withstand forces of tornadoes, floods.

特別是建造來抵禦龍捲風和洪水。

We have the ability to operate independent of the power grid.

The samples that we have are incredibly important.

我們在這裡保存的樣本都非常重要。

It offers us the opportunity to reestablish populations that may disappear.

這讓我們有機會復育可能消失的物種。

One of our recent successes was to use frozen coral to create new types of coral.

我們近期的成功是利用冷凍的珊瑚創造新品種珊瑚。

And, now these babies are growing in Florida.

現在這些寶寶在佛羅里達成長。

There're many times when you just go, I can't believe we did this.

有許多時候我都很難相信我們真的做到了。

It's a miracle, honestly it's a miracle when things come back to life.

這是個奇蹟，當生物死而復生，這真的是一個奇蹟。

It is critical that we do this work now because our biodiversity is shrinking very fast.

我們現在就要抓緊時間行動，因為我們的生態多樣性正在急速縮減。

Coral reefs are the most beautiful ecosystem on our planet.

珊瑚礁是我們星球上最美麗的生態系統。

And, we cannnot lose it, it's just not, not on my watch, we cannot lose them.

我們不能失去他們，我會盡我所能阻止這件事發生。

字幕列表影片播放

【環境教育】這些科學家幫助培育珊瑚小寶寶！ (Racing to Save Dying Coral Reefs)

incredibly

essential

critical

devastating