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  • Grape Nuts was one of the first American cereal brands.

    Grape Nuts 是當時美國最早推出的麥片品牌之一。

  • It claimed it could steady a man's nerves and clear his brain.

    它聲稱可以穩定人的神經、讓腦袋更清晰。

  • It could keep you cool in the summer.

    夏日裡為你帶來涼爽。

  • It was food for muscles.

    對肌肉有幫助。

  • For "the warding off of disease."

    能夠「擊退病魔」。

  • And for "men of brains."

    是「明智之選」。

  • It was the "most scientific brain and nerve food in existence."

    它曾經是「市面上最有科學根據的大腦、神經系統食物」。

  • These ads might seem ancient, but in connecting breakfast cereal with health, they aren't so different from how breakfast has been sold to us ever since.

    或許這些廣告看起來陳舊可笑,但從早餐麥片與身體健康的連結看來,從那時開始,便與早餐銷售手法沒什麼不同。

  • "Cheerios breakfast gives you the power protein."

    「香果圈麥片為你帶來活力充沛的蛋白質」。

  • "How do I stay so slim?"

    「我是怎麼保持苗條的?」

  • "I watch what I eat, like Post Grape Nuts for breakfast."

    「我會注意自己吃下那些食物,例如早餐我都吃 Grape Nuts 玉米片。」

  • "Data shows women who eat breakfast tend to weigh less than those who don't."

    「資料指出有吃早餐的女性,比起不吃早餐者體重往往較輕。」

  • The problem with a lot of these claims isthey're not exactly true.

    這些主張大多很有問題—它們並非完全精確。

  • But the idea of breakfast being good for healthespecially weight losshas persisted for over a century.

    但是吃早餐才健康的概念—尤其對減輕體重來說—已經持續了超過一個世紀。

  • So where does this myth come from?

    那麼這樣的迷思是從哪裡來的?

  • And what does this guy have to do with it?

    跟這位先生又有什麼關係?

  • "For children there's pretty strong evidence that breakfast is a good idea."

    「對兒童來講,早餐有益健康有相當可靠的證據。」

  • That's Julia Belluz who reports on health for Vox.

    這位是 Julia Belluz,她在 Vox 負責健康領域的報導。

  • "As an adult one of the most common claims we hear about breakfast is that it really promotes weight loss."

    「身為成人我們最常聽到的主張是早餐能有效幫助減重。」

  • And that idea didn't come out of nowhere.

    這樣的想法並不是完全沒有根據。

  • There's a whole body of research that connects breakfast with weight loss.

    有大量的研究都把早餐、減重兩件事連結在一起。

  • But the methods behind a lot of those studies don't always hold up.

    但這些研究所採用的方法卻不是每次都站得住腳。

  • Like this one, that found an association between eating breakfast, and having a low body mass index.

    像是這項研究,它發現吃早餐、低身體質量指數之間有相關性。

  • That might be true, but studies like this aren't actually testing what would happen if you were to change your breakfast behavior.

    這可能是對的,但像這樣的研究卻沒有實際測試如果改變早餐習慣,會發生什麼事。

  • "The problem with those studies is that breakfast skippers and breakfast eaters are different people."

    「那些研究的問題在於,吃不吃早餐的習慣會因人而異。」

  • "So maybe the breakfast eaters earn more money and exercise more and that explains why they weigh less than the breakfast skippers."

    「或許習慣吃早餐的人賺比較多錢、較常運動,所以比起不吃早餐者體重較輕。」

  • Most of these studies also don't take into account a major factor: what we eat for breakfast.

    而且這些研究大部分都沒有考慮這個關鍵:早餐的內容是什麼。

  • There's likely a big difference between eating a bowl of Fruity Pebbles, or a bowl of steel cut oats.

    你吃的是一碗水果球還是一碗刀切燕麥,兩者可能差很多。

  • There was even a study of studies that tried to answer the question: does our best research on breakfast prove that it helps with weight loss?

    甚至有不只一項研究試圖回答此問題:我們最完善的早餐研究是否能證明它幫助減重?

  • "Researchers looked at 13 randomized controlled trials, the highest quality of evidence on breakfast and its effect on weight loss."

    「關於這個問題,學者檢視了 13 項隨機的控制試驗、最高品質的證據。」

  • When researchers looked at the studies, they found there's "no evidence to support the notion" that eating breakfast helps you lose weight.

    研究者看過後發現「沒有證據支持」吃早餐幫助減重的觀念。

  • "And they found that breakfast might even had the opposite of the desired effect."

    「他們甚至發現吃早餐可能會有反效果。」

  • "In some studies people actually gained a little bit of weight when they started to eat breakfast."

    「在一些研究裡,人們在開始吃早餐後其實反而增加了一點體重。」

  • So if the available science doesn't actually support this idea, why do we still believe eating breakfast is a healthier way to live?

    既然科學目前無法證實此觀念,為什麼我們還會相信吃早餐是比較健康的生活方式呢?

  • Well, it has a lot to do with these guys.

    這些人的影響很大。

  • Before they got into cereal, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg and his brother Will Keith Kellogg, ran a family business.

    踏入麥片生意之前,John Harvey Kellogg 醫生還有弟弟 Will Keith Kellogg 經營著家族事業。

  • The "Battle Creek Sanitarium."

    Battle Creek 療養院。

  • It was a wellness center, a place where the wealthy could go for what they called "biologic living".

    那是一間健康中心,有錢人去那邊過著他們聲稱之「符合生物科學的生活」。

  • It included things like salt glow baths, light treatments, and strange looking exercise machines.

    內容包含鹽粒打磨浴、光療,還有看起來很怪的運動器材。

  • It was there in 1898 that John Harvey came up with corn flakes, as a way to curb indigestion.

    1898 年正是在那間療養院裡,John Harvey 想到了玉米片的主意,用來抑制消化不良。

  • But he was also an extremely religious doctor who believed masturbation was a carnal sin.

    但他也是位極為虔誠的醫生,他認為自慰是一種肉體的罪惡。

  • And he prescribed a bland diet, including corn flakes, as part of the cure.

    他開了混合飲食的處方當作部分治療,裡面包含玉米片。

  • In 1906, John Harvey's brother, Will Keith, took corn flakes, and mass-marketed them to the world.

    1906 年 John Harvey 的弟弟 Will Keith 將玉米片大量行銷至全世界。

  • By 1917, Good Health, a magazine edited by John Harvey Kellogg, wrote "In many ways, the breakfast is the most important meal of the day."

    到了 1917 年 John Harvey Kellogg 主編的 Good Health 雜誌寫道:「就許多方面來看,早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。」

  • With claims like this, cereal makers solidified the idea of a healthy breakfast.

    配合這樣的主張,麥片廠商強化了健康早餐的概念。

  • "It repairs and it sustains all body tissue."

    「它能修復並維護所有身體組織的運作。」

  • "It's part of your good breakfast."

    「它是健康早餐的一部分。」

  • And today, a lot of the science cited in cereal commercials has a similar source.

    直至今日,許多麥片廣告援引的都是類似的證據。

  • "Part of a good breakfast."

    「健康早餐的一部分。」

  • Take a look at the small print on these studies.

    仔細瞧瞧這些研究上細小的印刷字體。

  • This one concludes breakfast skipping is not good for managing weight.

    這份的結論是跳過早餐不吃不利於對體重管理。

  • It's funded by the Kellogg Company.

    研究資金來源為家樂氏公司。

  • And this one found breakfast skipping had other health costslike high cholesterol.

    這項研究則發現不吃早餐會帶來其他不利於健康的影響—例如高膽固醇。

  • It's funded by another major breakfast maker, Quaker Oats.

    資金來源為另一家早餐大廠:桂格燕麥。

  • So, knowing all this about the slippery science of breakfastshould we still be eating it?

    那麼在知道這些令人存疑的早餐科學以後,我們到底該不該吃早餐呢?

  • There's little evidence that it's a great weight loss strategy, but that doesn't mean breakfast is bad.

    沒什麼證據指出吃早餐是減重的有效策略,但這並不表示吃早餐不好。

  • "For a lot of people breakfast isn't pointless."

    「對很多人來說吃早餐並非毫無助益。」

  • "It can be a good time of day to stock up on vitamins and nutrients."

    「早餐時間可以是補充維他命和營養素的好時機。」

  • "But for the rest of us, it's up to you.”

    「但對其他人而言,吃不吃早餐只是個人選擇。」

  • That means, if you're a breakfast eater, like Julia, you can carry on.

    意思是如果你跟 Julia 一樣習慣吃早餐,就繼續吃。

  • And if you're a breakfast-skipper, like me?

    而如果你像我一樣喜歡跳過早餐不吃?

  • Don't worry, the best science we have suggests we're probably just fine either way.

    別擔心,目前科學指出要不要吃早餐都可以。

  • Thanks for watching.

    感謝觀賞。

Grape Nuts was one of the first American cereal brands.

Grape Nuts 是當時美國最早推出的麥片品牌之一。

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