good manners or what can also be referred to sometimes as cross-cultural skills. What

禮貌，有時候也可以指跨文化溝通技巧

does that mean? It's the skills that you need to function effectively in a different culture

這是一種對不同文化做出適當反應

than your own. So for example: if I were to come to your country and learn your language,

的技巧。例如，如果我打算直接去你的國家和學你的語言

do you think that would be enough? Not really, because along with the language, I also need

你覺得這樣就夠了嗎？不盡然，因為除了語言之外，我也必須

to learn what's acceptable, what's not okay in that particular culture. So today, we'll

學習這個特定文化的眉角。今天，我們

be talking about 12 things that you need to say and do when you're living or working in

要討論12件你在英語系國家生活、工作時

an English speaking environment. Okay? Let's get started.

該做的事或該說的話，我們開始吧。

So first we'll talk about what you should say. The first one is using the word: "please".

我們首先要討論你該說的話。第1：使用「請」這個字

Now, everybody knows that you should say "please", but not everybody remembers to actually say

大家都知道我們要說「請」，但並非每個人都確實記得

it. So for example: if you go into a coffee shop, don't just say: "Coffee." Say: "Coffee,

例如，如果你去咖啡館，別說「一杯咖啡」，要說「請給我一杯咖啡」

please." Or if you're asking someone else to do something, also remember: "Could you

或當你請別人做某件事時，也要記得說「請」，例如「可以你請

please turn off your cellphone?", for example. All right?

將手機關機嗎？」，好嗎？

Next: remember to say "thank you" whenever somebody does something. "Thank you", "You're

第2，當有人做了某件事，記得說「謝謝」。在英語中，

welcome": these are phrases that we do use very often in English. And it could be for

我們常用「謝謝」「不客氣」這些句子，可以用在任何

anything simple like somebody holding the door for you or it could be for something

生活小事，像有人為你扶著門把，或者一些

more elaborate like somebody giving you a birthday present. Okay? The way you say it,

特別的事，例如有人送你生日禮物。說話的方式，

say it from your heart. Okay? "Thank you.", "Thank you very much." And so on.

要發自內心地說，「謝謝」「非常謝謝你」等等

The next one is to say "sorry", or even better to say "I'm sorry", because "I'm sorry" is

接下來是說「對不起」，或著說「我很抱歉」更好，因為

more personal. But otherwise, at least say "sorry". And again, you can say "sorry" for

後者比較有感情，但至少要說「對不起」。一樣，任何小事

little things like perhaps stepping on someone's foot or if you bang into someone by mistake,

都可以用「對不起」，像踩到別人的腳，或是

you bump into someone by mistake somewhere in a crowded place, still apologize, say:

你在擁擠的地方不小心撞到別人，也要道歉。

"I'm sorry.", "I'm sorry.", "I'm sorry." Okay? We do use that quite often.

要說「我很抱歉」，好嗎？我們常說這些句子

Next one: "Excuse me." Now, "excuse me" you can say when you sneeze. Right? [Achoo!].

下一個，「不好意思」。你可以在打噴嚏後說「不好意思」。（哈啾！）

"Excuse me." Or if you need to ask somebody for some information, you can say: "Excuse

「不好意思」，或是你需要向某人詢問資訊，你可以說

me, would you know where the nearest subway is?" Right? So this is a very useful expression

「不好意思，你知道最接近的地鐵站在哪？」，這句話很實用

and it's also a polite expression. The next one is to remember to greet people

而且也很禮貌，接下來，要記得跟人打招呼

and also to wish people. By greeting people, even at work if you're working in an English

還有祝福人。要工作場合，也要跟人打招呼。

speaking environment, remember we do say "good morning", "good night", "happy birthday",

如果你在英語系國家工作，記得我們會說「早安」「晚安」「生日快樂」

"happy New Year", "congratulations". So greet people, and also wish them on the appropriate

「新年快樂」「恭喜」來打招呼，也在適當的時候祝福大家

days. The next one might seem obvious also, but

下一個例子，可能看起來很明顯，但重點是，

again, it's the way that you do it. Even if you work in an office, in the morning, we

你做的方式。即使你在辦公室工作，早上時，我們會說

can say: "Hey, good morning. How are you?" And when you ask: "How are you?" even though

「嘿，早，你好嗎？」。當你問「你好嗎？」，

you're not expected to give a full answer, but whatever answer someone gives you, remember

你不期待得到完整的答案，而是對方接下來的回答，記得聆聽

to listen. Don't start talking right away. Wait to hear if the other person is saying:

不要馬上接話。聽一下對方在說什麼

"Oh, pretty good. I'm fine. How are you?" Hear all of that before you start speaking

「喔，不錯啊，我很好，你好嗎？」。開始表達自己意見前，

about your own disposition, your own state of mind. Okay? Listen to the answer. All right?

聽完對方的話，對方的答案。

So these are six things that you must remember to do; they are taken for granted and they

你必須記得做這6件被視為理所當然，你也被期待要做的事

are expected of you. Next: let's look at what you should do. This

接下來，我們來看你應該做的事

seventh one here says: "Smile." Smiling creates a more friendly environment and it's certainly

第7件：微笑。我們期待別人微笑，這能創造一個更友善的環境

expected. So try to do that, again, it doesn't mean you have to keep smiling, but when you

所以試著微笑，這不代表你要一直保持微笑，但

meet someone, give them a smile. If you don't smile, they might think that you're nervous,

當你遇到人時，給他們一個微笑。如果你不微笑，他們可能認為你很緊張

they might think you're angry or unhappy about something. Okay? Or they might take it a little

或者他們會覺得你有點不太好相處

bit aggressively. So try to smile, it makes the... It also gives people the message that

試著微笑，這讓...這給人們一切都好的訊息

everything is okay, not just that you're happy to meet them, but that everything is fine

不只是你很高興遇到他們，你的一切都順利

with you. So it says two things: something about you and something about the other person.

這說明兩件事：你的事和別人的事

Next: shake hands. Now, that's usually in a more business-like situation; in an office

接下來：握手。這在商業場合比較常見，在辦公室

or somewhere, and certainly when you meet somebody for the first time. In an English

或其他地方，當然在你第一次遇到某人時

speaking environment, you are expected to shake hands and shake hands rather firmly.

在英語系國家，你應該跟對方握手，而且是紮實地

Don't shake hands very weakly or just hold a part of the hand. Hold the entire hand and

不要輕輕地握，或是握地不完全。紮實地握好對方的整個手掌

shake it firmly. All right? That's, again, part of the office expectation and the business

這是一種辦公室文化，也是商業禮儀

norm. The next one is to remember to cover your

接下來是，記得摀住嘴巴

mouth. What do I mean? Not all the time, but if you need to yawn. What does it mean to

什麼意思？不是隨時，但當你要打哈欠時。為什麼

yawn? It's what you do when you're sleepy and... [yawn], right? We yawn. So when you

打哈欠？這是你想睡時會做的動作。

do that, if it happens and you're in a group or in a office or something like that, remember

當你打哈欠時，如果你碰巧在團體裡、辦公室裡等等，記得

to cover your mouth. You can cover it this way like this or some people cover it this

摀住嘴巴。你可以握拳擋住，或用手掌遮住

way. Okay? So cover your mouth. Also, if you're coughing, remember to cough aside. Okay? You

要摀住嘴巴，還有當咳嗽時，記得咳向旁邊

can do that. Actually, today, they teach us something quite different; they actually teach

你做得到。其實，現在大家教我們的不太一樣;我們彎起手臂

us to cough here into the inside of your elbow like this. Why is that? Because if you cough

像這樣咳在裡面，為什麼？因為如果你用手遮住，

into your hand and then you go and shake hands with someone, you're passing your germs on

之後你又跟別人握手，就會把細菌傳給別人

to that person. And people are very aware of that these days, so it's better not to

而且大家現在很注意健康，所以咳嗽時最好不要

cough into your hand actually, but to cough here. Like that. Okay?

用手遮，而是用手臂擋住，像這樣

Next: remember to stand in line. In many parts of the world, there are different rules regarding

接下來：排隊。世界上很多地方對於排隊定義不同

lines and in English speaking countries, generally people expect you to stand in line, not to

在英語系國家，排隊是理所當然的，不要圍著

crowd around, not to get in front of somebody, not to look for a place and sneak in, but

不要站在別人前面，不試著插隊。

in fact to check who's the last person in line and make sure that you stand behind them.

找到隊伍中最後一人，確實排隊

If you're not sure who's the last person in line because it's a bit of a confusing situation,

如果情況混亂，你不知道誰是最後一個

you can ask: "Who's last?" Okay? And stand behind that person. That is part of the etiquette

你可以問「最後一個是誰？」，然後站在那格人後面。這是一種禮貌

that is expected of you. Next one: this is "hold the door". What do

你應該要做到。接下來：扶著門

I mean by that? If you're going through a doorway, remember to hold the door behind

指的是，當你走過一扇門，記得扶著門

you. Don't just go through yourself and then let the door fall back against whoever is

不要只是走過，讓門打到後面經過的人

behind you. No, hold the door, look back and check if there's someone there, hang on for

把門扶著，確認後面是否有人經過，有的話

a second if they're still coming. And whether they say: "Thank you" or not, doesn't matter;

等他們一下。不論他們有沒有跟你道謝

it's your job to hold the door. Try to do that, it makes for a much friendlier society,

你都應該這麼做。這樣做可以讓社會變得更友善

a much more caring society. The last one is something that a lot of people

更體貼。最後一件事，很多人

are not aware of because in different parts of the world space has different meanings.

沒有察覺，因為世界上每個地方對距離的定義不同

In some cultures, it's perfectly acceptable to stand quite close to someone and that's,

在某些地方，站得離別人很近是可以接受

you know, absolutely fine. In an English speaking environment, that's not really expected. Personal

沒問題的，但在英語系國家就不同，個人區間受到重試

space is respected more and expected. So when you meet someone, when you're standing for

當你遇到別人，例如站在別人旁邊

example or when you're talking to someone, try to keep about an arm's length distance.

或跟別人講話，試著與對方保持一個手臂的距離

Okay? Not exactly, and of course, if it's very crowded you might stand a little closer.

不是絕對，如果人群擁擠，你可以站得近一點

But let's say it's an empty room, about an arm's length. Okay? This way or this way is

但如果空間很大，就保持一個手臂的距離。當你跟別人說話時

where you should stand when you're talking to someone. If you stand closer to them than

應該站在他的前方或旁邊，如果你們距離小於保持一手臂寬

that. Okay? They're going to feel uncomfortable and you're probably going to find that they're

對方會覺得不自在，你也會發現他們往後退

standing back, they're moving away and that's because you've come into their, you've crossed

因為你太靠近，你跨過他們的

their comfort zone. Their comfort zone is about this much. And if you get closer than

舒適圈，舒適圈大約是保一手臂寬度，如果你站得

that, they might think you're trying to, - I don't know -, if you're... If it's a man and

比那更近，他們可能認為你想，例如一男一女

a woman, they might think... They might think you're trying to get extra friendly or in

他們會認為你有超越友誼的行為

one way or the other they're going to feel uncomfortable. So remember to respect that

另一方面，他們也會覺得不自在。記得站著時

space if you're standing. The next thing is if you're sitting. What

保持距離，還有坐著時

do I mean by if you're sitting? Well, let's look at this. This is, what I've drawn on

什麼意思呢？我們看我畫在白板上的圖

the board, is like a sample of let's say a bus or a subway. So when you come, walk into

例如搭公車或捷運時，當你進入車廂

the subway, let's say you walk in from here. Now, if there's nobody there, of course if

例如從這進去，如果裡面沒人，很空曠，你當然

it's empty you can sit wherever you want. So, but let's say you walk in, there's already

可以坐任意一個座位，但如果當你走進去

somebody sitting here. Where would you sit? Well, it's not okay, - if we follow the same

這裡有人坐，你該坐哪？如果我們按照

rule that people like to have their space -, it's not okay to go and sit here when there's

個人區間的觀念，當車廂裡還有空位

all this other extra space here. So probably the first person... If the first person was

就不要緊臨著別人坐下。例如第一個人坐這

sitting here, for example, next person might come and sit here. Again, it's not a rule

下一個乘客可以坐這，這不是成文規定

but it's kind of an informal rule that everybody understands. So the next person might sit

但大家心照不宣，所以下一個乘客可能坐

here because this is quite far away and, you know, no, no questions; not making anybody

遠一點的位子，沒什麼問題，不會讓

feel uncomfortable. The next person might sit here. And then here. Okay? So, you see

任何人不自在。下個乘客坐這，下個坐這。你看

that these spots will probably be occupied first. And then, what happens? Well, after

這些座位先被坐滿，接下來呢？

that, some people might just stand or then you start occupying the other spots next to

有些人會站著，原本乘客旁邊的座位也

the people who were there. But you don't occupy a spot next to someone until there are no

開始有人坐，但除非沒有其他座位，否則不要坐別的乘客旁邊

other options left. Okay? This is not something that we talk about or that you might necessarily

我們談的這些事，你不一定能在書裡找到

see written in a book, but it is something that is done in effect. And if you don't do

但大家都確實做到，萬一你沒遵守

that, people are going to wonder: "Who are you? What do you want? Are you being aggressive

別人可能會想：你是誰？想做什麼？你要攻擊別人嗎？

or is there something bad going to happen here? Or are you trying to be too friendly?"

這裡將有壞事發生？或是你表現得太有善了

So remember to respect space. And now, as I promised you: one last critical

尊重個人範圍。最後最重要的，我保證

point. If you don't do this last thing, everything else you do here will probably not matter.

如果這點你沒做到，其他都是白搭

So this is very important and it has to do with...

這麼重要的事就是...

body odor. Okay? What do I mean by that? I

體味，什麼意思呢？

mean that you need to make sure that you don't smell bad. All right? That means everything

你要注意身上沒有異味，包含嘴巴

from your mouth, so make sure you brush your teeth. If you've had something to eat which

要記得刷牙。如果你吃了有特殊香料的食物

is... which has some spices in it, make sure you use breath freshener. Otherwise, people

記得用口腔清淨劑，否則你身邊的人

are going to feel uncomfortable around you. Moving from your mouth, down to your underarms:

會覺得不舒服，再來談到腋下

make sure that you use deodorant or an antiperspirant. People are not accustomed to the smell of

記得使用體臭去除劑或體香劑。在北美社會或英語系國家

sweat in North American societies or in English speaking societies. And if you sweat and it

人們不習慣這種臭味。如果你身上有汗臭味

smells, then people are going to avoid you. And they will not tell you because it's considered

大家會避開你，而且他們也不會告訴你，因為討論

rather rude to speak about those kind of things, however, they will talk about it probably

這種話題被視為相當無禮，但大家還是可能

behind your back - which you really don't want - or you're just not going to have as

在背後談論你，這是你最不希望發生的。也可能因為這樣

successful an experience in a social context or a business context. But that's the reason

你的社交生活或商業活動會被影響

why. So make sure you use deodorant or antiperspirant. Okay?

所以記得用體臭去除劑或體香劑

Next, considering your entire body: make sure you shower regularly. And the last thing is

再來，要考量整個身體。要時常洗澡。最後一件事

also the clothes that you wear: make sure you wash them regularly and make sure if you

是你穿的衣服，要時常清洗，還有，當你去過某些

have been somewhere, for example: a club or a restaurant with a lot of smells, make sure

味道很重的地方，例如俱樂部或餐廳，記得

that your clothes don't keep that smell because clothes tend to hang on to certain smells.

去除衣服上的味道，因為衣服容易沾染某些氣味

For example: before you go for a job interview if someone in your house is cooking whether

例如，在你工作面試前，如果有人在屋裡煮飯

it's your mom or a roommate or your girlfriend or your wife or someone or your boyfriend,

不論你的媽媽，室友，女友，太太，男友或任何人

make sure you don't enter the kitchen, especially if they're cooking onions or something like

記得不要進廚房，特別是當他們煮洋蔥之類的食材

that because all that smell will stay on your clothes and then people are going to smell

因為味道會留在你的衣服上，而且當你離開那

that once you're outside of that environment. Right? So make sure that any kind of food,

別人會聞到你身上的味道。記得，任何類似的食物

smoke, tobacco, marijuana, alcohol; all these substances do cling or stick to our clothing,

香煙，菸草，大麻，酒精，這些物質都會殘留在我們的衣服上

so make sure that your clothing doesn't smell of any of that and make sure that you don't

記得不要讓衣服聞起來有這些味道，也記得讓自己

smell anything but good. All right? Now, that doesn't mean to drench yourself in cologne

聞起來很香，但不是要你把自己浸在古龍水裡

- no, don't do that. But make sure that you have a neutral smell, especially in an office

千萬不要，只要讓自己沒有異味，特別是工作場合

environment. And if you do that plus all of these things, you are going a very long way

如果你讓自己聞起來有異味，又犯了我們提到的全部錯誤

to being successful in an English speaking environment.

你在英語系國家的成功之路就會很漫長

Thanks very much for watching. If you enjoyed this video, please subscribe to my channel

謝謝收看，如果你喜歡這支影片，請訂閱我的YOUTUBE頻道

on YouTube. And also, if you'd like to do a quiz to review some of these points, go

還有，如果你想做個複習影片內容的測驗，請上我們的網站

to our website: www.engvid.com. Thanks very much. Bye for now.

www.engvid.com。非常謝謝你，下次見。