diverse welcome brochures, Pinterest perfect dorm rooms and crushing

多樣化的歡迎手冊，Pinterest完美的寢室和破碎

student debt.

學生債務；

I have $69,812, $47,000, $90,000, $35,000, $350,000,

我有69812元、47000元、90000元、35000元、350000元。

$60,000 worth of student loans. My minimum student loan payment is $1,000

6萬元的學生貸款。我的最低助學貸款額度是1000元

a month.

一個月。

It should take me about 10 years to pay that back, I will be roughly 36,

應該需要10年左右的時間才能還清，我大概36歲。

45-years-old, I don't know how old I'll be when I pay that off. I was

45歲，我不知道我有多大的年齡，我'會當我還清。我是

actually on campus at Penn State and I saw that I had so much to pay and

其實在校園裡在賓夕法尼亞州立大學 我看到，我有這麼多的支付和

it just was overwhelming. I didn't know how to do it, I never saw a number

只是讓人難以接受。我不知道該怎麼做，我從來沒有看到一個數字。

that big. I just went to school for a few months found out that it was not

那麼大。我剛去學校幾個月就發現，這不是

what I wanted at all, and now I have this forty thousand extra dollars

我想要的東西，現在我有這四萬多塊錢

that I have to pay and nothing really to show for it. If I wasn't paying

我必須支付，沒有什麼真正的展示。如果我沒有付出

this student debt, oh my God, I would just invest all of my money. It feels

這筆學生債，我的天，我願意把所有的錢都投資出去。這感覺

like I will have a roommate for the rest of my life because my debt is so

就像我將有一個室友 我的餘生，因為我的債務是如此。

much. You can't point at someone and say, this person made your student

多。你不能指著某個人說，這個人讓你的學生。

debt load so much more, it's the whole system. So why is college so

債務負擔那麼多，這是整個系統。那麼，為什麼大學如此

expensive, and is it worth it? Higher education today is made up of three

昂貴，又是否值得？當今的高等教育由三部分組成

main sectors. They all bring in money from tuition but where they get the

主要部門。他們都能從學費中帶來錢，但他們從哪裡得到的？

rest of their revenue varies.

其餘的收入也各不相同。

Public schools are your state schools like SUNY or Iowa state. They get

公立學校是你的州立學校，比如紐約州立大學或愛荷華州。他們得到

money from the government. Private for-profit schools like the University

政府的錢。像大學這樣的私立營利性學校

of Phoenix or Capella University get money from shareholders. And private

的鳳凰城或卡佩拉大學從股東那裡拿到錢。而私人

non-profits are those like Yale an American University, they get a lot of

非營利組織是那些像耶魯大學和美國大學，他們得到了很多的。

their money from donors. More on that later. But choosing a college hasn't

他們的錢從捐助者。稍後再談。但選擇大學並沒有';。

always been so complicated. In 1636, America's first college was founded.

總是如此複雜。1636年，美國'的第一所大學成立。

You might have heard of it before, Harvard University

你可能聽說過，哈佛大學。

For hundreds of years college in America was a pretty exclusive club to get

幾百年來，在美國的大學是一個相當獨特的俱樂部，以獲得。

into. But we've come a long way from Harvard's first graduating class of

成。但從哈佛的第一屆畢業生來看，我們'已經走了很長的路。

just nine men in 1642. In 2018 more than three million Americans were

在1642年僅有9人。2018年，超過300萬美國人被

expected to receive a college degree.

預計將獲得大學學位。

The demographics of American higher education have been utterly

美國高等教育的人口結構已經徹底地

transformed.

轉變了。

In 1944 the G.I. bill was signed into law giving veterans money to attend

在1944年，G.I.法案簽署成為法律，給退伍軍人錢，讓他們參加

school.

學校：

The G.I. Bill of Rights looks after the money end too. That's right.

G.I.I.權利法案也照顧到了錢的一端。沒錯

Tuition is taken care of. Funds are provided for laboratory fees, books,

學費自理。實驗費、書本費有經費。

supplies and equipment are included.

包括用品和設備。

Just a few years later, nearly half of Americans enrolled in college were

僅僅幾年後，近半數的美國人在大學入學時都是

veterans.

退伍軍人；

You cannot underestimate the G.I. Bill. This educated an entire generation

你不能低估G. I. Bill.這教育了整整一代人

of men and some women too. And it opened the doors people who hadn't even

的男人和一些女人了。而它打開了門的人誰沒有'連

thought that they might go to college. The G.I. Bill changed what American

認為他們可能會去上大學。G. I. Bill改變了美國人的想法

families could aspire to.

家庭可以嚮往的。

But not everyone was able to take full advantage of the bill's benefits. It

但並不是每個人都能充分利用該法案'的好處。它

was significantly harder for women and people of color to get the tuition

婦女和有色人種獲得學費的難度明顯加大。

money and enroll in college because of the widespread discrimination by

錢，並進入大學學習，因為普遍的歧視，由。

both schools and banks.

無論是學校還是銀行。

Dateline Russia 1957.

1957年的俄羅斯日期線。

In a moment the story. In the 50s a little beach ball sized satellite

一會兒故事。在50年代，一個沙灘球大小的小衛星。

launched into space by the Soviet Union had a big impact on the American

蘇聯向太空發射的火箭對美國人產生了很大的影響。

education system.

教育系統；

The first Sputnik. People were worried about this clash between the Soviet

第一個斯普特尼克。人們很擔心蘇聯與蘇聯之間的這種衝突。

Union and the United States. And suddenly it was popular to study science

聯邦和美國。忽然流行起學習科學

and math. It was patriotic.

和數學。這是愛國的。

In the 60s the civil rights movement helped push the doors open even wider

在60年代，民權運動幫助推開了更大的門。

to give women and people of color access to higher education. In those

為婦女和有色人種提供接受高等教育的機會。在這些

years students at University of California schools paid less than a

年，加州大學學校的學生支付的費用不到一

thousand dollars in registration fees. No tuition if you were a resident.

千元的報名費。如果你是居民，就不用交學費。

But with the 70s came the taxpayer revolt.

但隨著70年代的到來，納稅人的反抗。

If you want something you pay for it. Don't expect me to pay for it. It's

如果你想要的東西，你要為它付出。不要指望我為它付出。它的

your problem not mine. And so what happened was the student loan process

你的問題，不是我的問題。所以發生了什麼是學生貸款的過程

exploded. And then came the U.S. News and World Report.

爆炸了。然後是美國新聞與世界報道。

It was one of the luckiest or most ingenious publishing decisions ever.

這是有史以來最幸運或最巧妙的出版決定之一。

In 1983 U.S. News and World Report published a list of America's Best

1983年《美國新聞與世界報道》公佈了一份美國'最好的名單。

Colleges. It became a highly data driven ranking. Every one of the

高校。成了一個高度數據化的排名。每一個

criteria that U.S. News used depended on name recognition, traditional

U.S. News所使用的標準取決於知名度、傳統的

quality, prestige and most of all wealth. Rankings played a big thing for

品質、聲望和最重要的財富。排名對

me.

我。

I was an athlete and so I was pretty competitive.

我是一名運動員，所以我很有競爭力。

There have been a ton of new lists since the 1983 ranking but the U.S. News

自1983年排名以來，已經有一大堆新的榜單，但美國新聞。

and World Report still reigns king. And colleges keep a pretty close eye

和《世界報道》依然稱王。而大學也會密切關注

on it.

上。

If you ask them they will say they pay no attention to it. But within the

如果你問他們，他們會說不重視。但在

conference rooms of the admissions office and provost offices across the

招生辦和教務長辦公室的會議室裡。

land, I can assure you they pay very close attention to it.

土地，我可以向你保證，他們非常關注它。

One thing they're paying attention to are their test score averages. By the

有一件事他們'注意的是他們的考試分數平均數。由

90s, colleges started boosting base tuition and using the extra money to

90年代，高校開始提高基礎學費，並將多餘的錢用於

give merit based scholarships to kids who tested well. The chief data

給予考試好的孩子擇優錄取的獎學金。首席數據

strategist at U.S. News and World Report downplayed test scores as a major

美國新聞與世界報道》的策略師淡化了考試成績，認為這是一個主要的。

factor in their ranking, saying it's less than eight percent of the

的因素，稱其在其排名中佔比不到8%。

methodology today. And that "We've seen schools perform best in the

今天的方法論。而且，"我們'已經看到學校表現最好的。

rankings if they emphasize and perform strongly in student outcome areas

的排名，如果他們在學生成果方面強調和表現突出的話

like graduation and retention rates. He also said they further decrease

如畢業率和保留率。他還說，他們進一步降低

the weight of SAT and ACT scores. Tuition costs at both public and private

SAT和ACT成績的比重。公立和私立學校的學費

colleges have doubled since the late 80s, even when you account for

高校自80年代末以來已經翻了一番，即使你考慮到

inflation. Even so, more Americans are getting college degrees. But state

通貨膨脹。即便如此，越來越多的美國人獲得了大學學位。但州

funding for public universities has taken a hit. States spent less on

公立大學的經費受到了衝擊。各州用於

higher education in 2017 than they did in 2008 before the recession. And

2017年的高等教育，比2008年經濟衰退前的高等教育。而

that means students are spending more. The tuition they're paying is a big

這意味著學生們的花費更多。他們所支付的學費是一個大。

moneymaker for colleges. 2017 was the first year ever that most state

高校的搖錢樹。2017年是有史以來第一年，大多數國家

schools got more money from tuition than they did from government funding.

學校從學費中得到的錢比從政府資助中得到的錢更多。

If you're sitting in the state legislature and you're looking for money,

如果你'坐在州議會里，你'在找錢。

the university system is one of your biggest costs. So when you realize

大學系統是你最大的成本之一。所以當你意識到

well we cut them 2 percent last year, they didn't go out of business.

好吧，我們去年把他們削減了2%，他們沒有倒閉。

Let's cut them another 2 percent. What happens is you pass the buck. It

讓'再給他們減2%。會發生什麼是你推卸責任。它

goes from the taxpayer to the student.

從納稅人到學生。

The average student graduates with about $37,000 in student debt

學生畢業時平均欠下約3.7萬美元的學生債務。

altogether. The U.S. has $1.5 trillion dollars of it.

共。美國有1.5萬億美元的。

I had this mindset that I was gonna go to college undergrad and then I was

我有這樣的心態，我是要去上大學本科，然後我是

gonna go to grad school and get my PhD. I thought that I would get through

會去研究生院，並得到我的博士學位。我想，我會得到通過

it and then come out on the other side with a job and then be able to pay

然後出來的另一邊與工作，然後能夠付

it off. But that did not go according to plan.

它關閉。但這並沒有按計劃進行。

Rachel Brandt got her undergraduate degrees in math and economics from Iowa

Rachel Brandt在愛荷華州獲得了數學和經濟學的大學學位。

State. Then she moved to New York to pursue her master's in economics.

州。然後她搬到紐約攻讀經濟學碩士'。

She left grad school after her first semester to better cope with mental

為了更好地應對心理問題，她在第一學期後就離開了研究生院。

health issues she was going through.

她正在經歷的健康問題。

I thought that I would just withdraw and be fine. But then a couple of

我以為退了就沒事了。但後來幾個

weeks after I withdrew, I got an email from the school saying that I owed

在我退學後的幾個星期，我收到了學校的郵件，說我欠下了

them $6,000 right away. And that was rough. So I didn't know how I was

他們6000美元的權利了。而這是粗糙的。所以，我不知道我是如何。

going to pay that. And that was very stressful.

要支付。而這是非常緊張的。

Three, four, five, six,

三，四，五，六。

seven different student loans that all have to be paid with different

七種不同的學生貸款，都要用不同的方式來支付。

interest rates.

利率。

The number just keeps going up. I will be paying $867 in rent a month

這個數字一直在上升。我一個月要交867元的房租了

and that's about how much I'm going to have to be paying in loans. I look

而這'就是我'將不得不支付的貸款。我看

at my bank account every day and it's very scary.

在我的銀行賬戶每天和它'的非常可怕。

Rachel is far from the only one not to finish a degree she started. Only

瑞秋不是唯一一個沒有完成她所開始的學位的人。只有

about 57 percent of undergrads complete their degree within six years. One

約57%的大學生在6年內完成學位。一

option students turn to for a more flexible and at times more affordable

學生選擇更靈活的，有時也更實惠的選擇。

path to a degree are for-profit colleges like University of Phoenix or

學位的途徑是營利性學院，如鳳凰大學或

DeVry University. The industry has been in flux, but today a little more

德弗裡大學。行業一直在變化，但今天多了一點

than 900,000 students attend for-profit colleges in the U.S., many of whom

超過90萬名學生在美國的營利性大學就讀，其中許多人是

use federal loans to help cover the cost.

使用聯邦貸款來幫助支付費用；

I feel like I want to do something practical that would that would clearly

我覺得我想做一些實際的事情，將 這將是明確的。

lead to a specific job. The Art Institute of New York City was suggested

導致一個特定的工作。紐約市藝術學院被建議

to me. Now, I really regret that it was because it turned out to be a

對我來說。現在，我真的很後悔，因為它原來是一個。

terrible financial experience.

糟糕的財務經驗。

Despite for-profits being just a small fraction of all colleges in the

儘管營利性高校在所有高校中只佔一小部分

U.S., for-profit students default on their student debt at a much higher

美國，營利性學生拖欠學生債務的比例遠高於

rate.

率。

Chyna is a first generation college student from New York who studied web

Chyna是來自紐約的第一代大學生，她學的是網絡。

design and interactive media at the Art Institute of New York City when it

紐約市藝術學院的設計和互動媒體，當它的設計和互動媒體。

was run as a for-profit.

是以營利為目的的。

I withdrew from the school, that was something could have entirely taught

我從學校退學了，那是完全可以教的東西。

myself using tutorials.

自己使用教程。

For-profit schools date all the way back to colonial times. Not everyone

營利性學校的歷史可以追溯到殖民時代。不是每個人

could attend institutions like Harvard, so entrepreneurs saw a business

可以上哈佛這樣的院校，所以創業者們看到了一個商業

opportunity and began teaching reading, writing and trade skills *** for a

機會，並開始教授閱讀、寫作和貿易技能，***為一個。

fee. Benjamin Franklin was a big fan of for-profit schools and the

費。本傑明-富蘭克林對營利性學校和。

practical skills they offered. In 1994, University of Phoenix's parent

他們提供的實用技能。1994年，鳳凰城大學'的母體。

company Apollo Education Group went public and laid the groundwork for the

公司阿波羅教育集團上市，為其奠定了基礎。

for-profit education corporations of today.

今天的營利性教育公司。

But this big business approach to education hasn't come without

但這種大企業的教育方式並不是沒有來過

controversy.

爭議。

With so much money on the line many turn to the schools that show the best

在這麼多錢的情況下，很多人轉而選擇那些表現最好的學校。

numbers, the best chances at a new job when you graduate. But can you

數字，是你畢業後找到新工作的最好機會。但你能

believe what some of those for profit colleges tell you?

相信那些營利性學院告訴你的一些話嗎？

When I went there for the so-called tour it was it was basically a sales

當我去那裡進行所謂的旅遊時，它基本上是一個銷售。

pitch.

瀝青。

That should have been a red flag but it wasn't because I was 18, not having

這應該是一個危險的標誌，但它不是'因為我是18歲，不具有

parents who completed college, you know, being a first generation student

父母誰完成了大學，你知道，作為第一代學生。

it's like I didn't have the discernment

我好像沒有鑑別力一樣

to just leave those kind of schools alone. The Art Institute did not

就不要去管那些學校了。藝術學院沒有

respond to a request for comment. However the director of Cato's Center

回覆評論請求。然而，卡託中心主任'的中心。

for Educational Freedom defended the for-profit system, saying non-profits

教育自由組織為營利性制度辯護，稱非營利性機構

make a lot of money too. They just distribute it differently. He

也賺了不少錢。他們只是分配方式不同。他

said traditional colleges often use it to "make the lives of people

說，傳統高校往往用它來 "讓人的生活。

working in them more comfortable." He also said everyone in higher

在其中工作更舒服。"他還表示，大家在高等

education is almost certainly seeking profit and there is little evidence

教育幾乎肯定是在謀取利益，而且幾乎沒有證據表明

that people in for profit schools are less focused on students best

營利性學校的人不太注重學生的最佳利益。

interest. Since Chyna left, the Art Institute of New York City along with

的興趣。自從Chyna離開後，紐約市藝術學院與。

43 other Art Institute campuses shut down.

其他43個藝術學院的校區關閉。

There are a number of lawsuits against various campuses. However Chyna's

有很多針對各個校園的訴訟。然而Chyna'的

not able to qualify for loan forgiveness because she left the college just

不能獲得貸款豁免的資格，因為她剛剛離開了大學。

before the cutoff date. And she feels trapped. Since she hasn't paid off

在截止日期之前。而她覺得自己被困住了。由於她還沒有付清

her student loans in full, she's not able to get her transcript, which she

她的學生貸款全額，她'的無法得到她的成績單，她

needs that to apply to state schools. So for now she's enrolled in another

需要，以適用於州立學校。所以現在她就讀於另一所

for-profit school in the hopes of using the degree to apply to a master's

營利性學校，希望用該學位申請碩士's。

program at a state school.

國立學校的課程。

I feel like all these for-profit schools they prey on people who are

我覺得像所有這些營利性學校 他們掠奪的人誰是。

already who come from low income backgrounds. Enter the non-profits.

已經來自低收入背景的人。進入非營利組織。

Amari Lilton is from St. Louis but went to undergrad at a private college

阿馬裡-里爾頓來自聖路易斯，但在一所私立大學讀了大學

in Chicago. Now she works at an advertising agency in New York City and is

在芝加哥。現在，她在紐約市的一家廣告公司工作，並且是

paying off her more than $40,000 in student debt.

還清了她4萬多元的學生債。

You want to have the college dream without the student debt, because you're

你想在沒有學生債的情況下實現大學夢，因為你'。

just coming into something and you feel like I'm gonna have all this

剛進來的東西，你覺得像我'我要去有這一切。

independence I'll be able to pick my own classes I'll have this freedom

我將能夠選擇我自己的班級 我將有這種自由。

I've never had before. So you want to go to the coolest place you can.

我'從來沒有過。所以你想去最酷的地方，你可以。

Every college wants to be the best. They want to compete with the next

每個大學都想成為最好的。他們想與下一個競爭

college. They want to attract the top students. That means they have to

大學。他們想要吸引頂尖的學生。這意味著他們必須

have the best facilities they have to build new buildings.

他們擁有最好的設施來建造新的建築物。

And remember tuition discounting? While the sticker price of non-profit

還記得學費打折嗎？雖然非營利性的貼紙價格

colleges are rising, so is the tuition discount rate. The price you see on

高校在漲，學費折扣率也在漲。你在

a college website is higher than what many students end up actually

一個大學的網站比很多學生最終實際高

paying. You would think that most of the money is going to the cost of

支付。你會認為，大部分的錢都會被用於成本的。

running the school, but nearly half of undergrad tuition at non-profits

辦學，但非營利組織近一半的大學生學費。

goes to help other people pay for their schooling. Amari didn't pay the

去幫助其他人支付他們的學費。Amari didn't pay the

full price of tuition at her private college but she's still facing more

在她的私立大學的全部學費，但她仍然面臨更多的。

debt than she was expecting.

比她預期的債務。

I just cried. Yeah I just cried because I had no clue how I was going to do

我只是哭了。是啊，我只是哭了，因為我不知道我是怎麼做的。

it. I dream about it.

它。我夢想著它。

It's always on my mind. If I'm like going out to lunch and I'll just say,

它'總是在我的腦海裡。如果我'像出去吃午飯，我'就會說。

oh my God I hope this goes through because I know they just took my money

哦，我的上帝，我希望這通過 因為我知道他們只是把我的錢。

out. I just hope, I hope. I want to double my payments by the end of this

出。 - 我只是希望，我希望。我只是希望，我希望。我想在年底前把我的付款翻倍。

year so $2,000 a month. My goal is to not go into my 30s with debt. If I

年，所以每月2000元。我的目標是在30多歲的時候不負債。如果我

go to Wells Fargo and say like I want a portfolio with all my best

去富國銀行，說像我想要一個投資組合，我所有的最好的。

investments help me out, they won't take me seriously because I have $250

投資幫助我，他們不會把我當回事，因為我有250美元。

in the bank.

在銀行裡。

So where do we go from here? I've been studying this for a long time and