Name: 托福、雅思寫作技巧 (IELTS & TOEFL Writing Task 2 - The Introduction)
Uploaded: 2014-03-08T12:59:26.000Z
Duration: 15 min 4 s

to 不定詞

Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Nice to see you again. Today's lesson is for

嗨，歡迎回到www.engvid.com。我是亞當。很高興再次見到你。今天的課程是為

IELTS and TOEFL students, and so because these students need a little extra practice in listening

雅思和託福的學生，所以，因為這些學生需要額外的練習一下聽力

未來簡單式

to more natural speed English, I will speak a little bit faster. If you're a beginner

到更自然的速度英語，我會說快一點。如果你是初學者

English learner, watch anyway. It's still good practice, but don't worry if I'm speaking

學英語的人，還是看吧。它'還是很好的練習，但不要擔心我是否在說

a little bit too fast. So more specifically, I'm going to be looking at the Writing -- Task

有點太快了。所以更具體地說，我'要看寫作--任務。

2, the essay of the IELTS and/or TOEFL. They're very similar. That's why I'm doing them together.

2、雅思和/或託福的作文。他們'很相似。這就是為什麼我'他們一起做。

There're not big differences, but I will point them out. And what I'm doing is I'm concentrating

有'不是很大的區別，但我會指出來。而我所做的是我專注於。

on the introduction today, the introduction paragraph. I'm not showing you the whole essay;

關於今天的導語，導語段。我'不是給你看整篇文章。

I'm just showing you the introduction. Now, you're wondering, "Why? It's just the introduction.

我'只是給你看介紹。現在，你'想知道，"為什麼？這只是介紹。

It's a short one, right?" No. This is probably the most important paragraph in your whole

It's a short one, right?" No. This is probably most important paragraph in your whole

essay. This is where you, basically, make or break your score, okay? Why? Because here

作文。這就是你，基本上，讓你的分數，好嗎？為什麼這麼說？因為這裡

is where the reader understands what you're about to do. This is where the grader -- the

是讀者明白你要做什麼的地方。這是評分者--的地方。

person who's giving you your score -- understands if you understood the question; understands

人誰'的給你你的分數 - 瞭解如果你明白的問題; 瞭解

if you know what you're talking about; and understands if you knew how to plan well,

如果你知道你在說什麼';，並理解如果你知道如何計劃好。

okay? Very, very important the first paragraph, the introduction. So what are you going to

好嗎？非常，非常重要的第一段，介紹。那麼，你要做的是

do? Of course you're going to plan first. You're not going to start writing. Do not

做什麼？當然你'要先計劃。你'不打算開始寫作。不要

write one word of your essay until you have your plan ready. Once you have your plan ready,

寫一個字的文章，直到你準備好你的計劃。一旦你有你的計劃準備，

your essay is done. You just have to, basically, translate this plan into sentences. You're

你的論文就完成了。你只需要，基本上，將這個計劃轉化為句子。你'

basically going for three to five sentences. Less than three, you missed something; you

基本上要三到五句。少於三句，你就會漏掉一些東西；你

didn't do enough. More than five, you're going for words. You don't have time; don't worry

沒有'做得不夠。超過5個，你'要去的話。你沒有'時間；不要擔心。

about it. Three to five -- get down what you need to get down. Get into your bodies where

三到五...三到五... ...記下你需要記下的東西。進入你的身體

you're going to be writing the most, okay? There are four questions you want to answer

你'要寫的最多，好嗎？有四個問題你要回答

in the introduction. You will already have these answers once you've planned properly,

中的介紹。只要你好好規劃一下，你就已經有了這些答案。

okay? What do you want to answer? "What is the topic?" "What is the question?" "What

好嗎？你想回答什麼? "題目是什麼? ""問題是什麼? ""什麼?

is your opinion?" And "What are your reasons?" These are the four things that must be included

is your opinion?" And "What are your reasons?" These are four things that must be included.

in the introduction. Now, a lot of you think, "Well, 'topic' and

的介紹中。現在，很多人認為，"好吧，'話題'。

'question' is the same thing, right?" But no; they're not. This is where a lot of people

'問題'是同一件事，對嗎？"但不；他們'不是。這是很多人的地方

lose points because they don't realize that these are two different things. The "topic"

失分，因為他們沒有意識到這是兩件不同的事情。的"話題"

is the general idea of what the question is about. The "question" is, specifically, what

是問題的大意。The "question"是指，具體來說，什麼？

are you asked to do. Now, the most common type of question you will see on both the

是要求你做的。現在，最常見的問題類型，你會看到在這兩個。

IELTS and the TOEFL is a question that asks you to choose between two things. They want

雅思和託福是一道題，要求你在兩件事中做出選擇。他們要的是

you to choose one and argue why that one is better than the other one, or why that one

你選擇一個，並論證為什麼那個比另一個好，或者為什麼那個比另一個好

is so good. Now, what I'm going to show you today will mostly apply to these types of

是那麼的好。現在，我'今天要告訴你的，將主要適用於這些類型的。

questions. But if you have a question that asks you to compare and contrast two things,

的問題。但如果你有一道題，要求你對兩件事進行比較和對比。

keep in mind even if they ask you to compare two things, they're still going to ask you

請記住，即使他們問你比較兩件事情，他們'仍然會問你。

to lean towards one of them, to choose one as better than the other, in which case you're

傾向於他們中的一個，選擇一個比其他更好的，在這種情況下，你'。

still going to need to give your opinion, okay?

"What is the topic?" You're going to keep this very, very general. All you're doing

"主題是什麼？"你'要保持這個非常，非常一般。所有你正在做的

is giving the idea of what the essay is about. So I know all of you have probably practiced

是讓人知道文章的內容。所以我知道大家可能都練過

this question: "Is it better to live in the countryside or in the city? Explain your reasons,

這個問題："住在農村好還是住在城市好？解釋一下你的理由。

giving examples, etc." Your first sentence, very, very general: What is the topic of this

舉例等"你的第一句話，非常非常概括。What is the topic of this

question? City life? Country life? No. The topic is "where to live". So your first sentence

疑問？城市生活？鄉村生活？不是，題目是"在哪裡生活"。所以你的第一句話

introduces the idea of living -- choosing a place to live. The question is then more

介紹了居住的理念--選擇居住地。那麼問題就更多了。

specific, so your sentence narrows a little bit, becomes a little bit more focused. The

具體的，所以你的句子縮小了一點，變得更集中了一點。該

question is: "Is it better in the country or the city?" Okay?

問題是："是在鄉下好還是在城裡好？"好嗎？

Then, you have to give your opinion. You must say, "I believe", "I think", "in my opinion".

然後，你必須提出你的意見。你必須說，"我相信"，"我認為"，"在我看來"。

You don't have to use these words. There're other ways to say your opinion, but if you're

你不一定要用這些詞。還有其他的方式來表達你的意見，但如果你'。

not sure of those, put one of those; make it very, very clear what you're saying. This

不知道那些，把其中的一個；讓它非常，非常清楚你'說。這個

is your thesis. This is a very specific sentence. After reading this sentence, I, the grader,

是你的論文。這是一個很具體的句子。讀完這句話，我這個評審。

must understand which side you've chosen and what you're going to argue. And then you see

必須明白你選擇了哪一方，你要爭論什麼。然後你看到

the last sentence gets a little bit more general. Why? Because you're giving your reasons. You're

最後一句話變得有點籠統。為什麼這麼說？因為你'給出了你的理由。你

not giving me details. You're giving me general reasons of why you have this opinion, okay?

不給我細節。你給我的是你為什麼有這種看法的一般理由，好嗎？

So four sentences, or you can squeeze them -- you can squeeze, for example, this one

所以四句話，也可以擠一擠--你可以擠一擠，比如說，這個

and this one. You can squeeze this one and this one and make three sentences. Or you

和這個。你可以把這個和這個擠在一起，做成三句話。或者你

can add extra information. You want to make this one two sentences? Go for it. Make it

可以添加額外的資訊。你想把這句話變成兩句話？那就去做吧讓它

five. Don't go more than five. More than five means you've lost focus, okay? Three means

五個。不要超過五。超過5就意味著你失去了焦點，好嗎？三意味著

you have very good command of the language. Personally, if you can do a very strong introduction

你有非常好的語言能力。就個人而言，如果你能做一個非常強大的介紹。

paragraph in three sentences, it could actually be better for you than five. But three to

三句話的段落，其實可能比五句話更適合你。但三句到

four -- three to five, four is the average; go for that. We're going to look at an example,

四--三到五，四是平均數；去吧。我們'要看一個例子。

and you'll understand better what I'm talking about here.

你會更明白我在這裡說的是什麼。

Okay, so here's our first example. The first example... I made it a little bit more basic.

好了，這裡是我們的第一個例子。第一個例子...我把它做得更基本一點。

I've got four different sentences answering each question individually, okay? Just to

我'了四個不同的句子分別回答每個問題，好嗎？只是為了

refresh our memories, what is the question? "Is it better to live in the city or the country?"

刷新我們的記憶，問題是什麼呢？"是住在城市好還是住在鄉村好？"

Or "Is it better to live in the country or the city?" Doesn't matter. So remember: I'm

或者"是住在鄉下好還是住在城市好"無所謂。所以請記住：我'm

starting with a very general idea of the topic. "Deciding where to live is one of life's more

從一個很籠統的話題開始。"決定住在哪裡是生活中的一個'比較

difficult choices." "Where to live" -- here is your topic. Very general. Have I given

困難的選擇.""住在哪裡"--這是你的話題。很籠統。我有沒有給

any information? No. Have I expressed an opinion? No. All I'm doing is introducing the topic.

任何資訊？沒有，我表達過意見嗎？沒有，我所做的只是介紹這個話題。

That's all I want the reader to know: We're talking about where to live.

我只想讓讀者知道這些。我們在討論住在哪裡。

Next sentence. "One may opt for life in the country or the city." Now, just in case you're

下一句話."一個人可以選擇在鄉村或城市的生活."現在，只是為了防止你'。

not sure, "opt for" means "choose". I used "choice" here; I used "deciding" here; I want

不知道，"選擇"的意思是"選擇"。我在這裡用了"選擇"；我在這裡用了"決定"；我想。

to use as much different vocabulary as I can. "Opt for", if you know it, use it. A little

to use as much different vocabulary as I can."選擇"，如果你知道它，就使用它。有點

bit extra points for nice language. Okay. "One may opt for life in the country or the

位加分的好語言。好吧，"一個人可以選擇在鄉村生活，也可以選擇在。

city." This is your question. Country? City? Very clear. "In my opinion" -- very, very

城市."這是你的問題。國家？城市？非常清楚."在我看來"--非常、非常

direct and to the point. State your thesis. State what you believe. "In my opinion, life

直截了當，切中要害。說明你的論點。說明你的信念。 "在我看來，人生

in the city is more advantageous." -- "I choose city; it's better." That's all I want to say.

在城市裡更有優勢." --"我選擇城市;它'更好."這就是我想說的。

I'm answering the question. This is my stance. This is my opinion. "This is due to the fact

我'在回答這個問題。這是我的立場。這是我的意見。 "這是由於事實。

that the city offers better economic and social opportunities." So I'm going to present the

該城市提供了更好的經濟和社會機會."所以我'要提出的。

reader with two reasons: economic and social. Am I giving any idea what the economic reasons

讀者有兩個原因：經濟原因和社會原因。我是不是給大家講講經濟原因是什麼

are? No. Am I giving you any ideas what the social reasons are? No. They're very, very

是什麼？不，我給你任何想法 什麼社會原因是什麼？不，他們非常，非常。

general. I've made it a bit more general, okay? So I've answered all four questions.

一般的。我'把它做得比較籠統，好嗎？所以我已經回答了所有四個問題。

I'm doing exactly what the essay's supposed to do, what the essay's asking me to do.

我'做的正是作文'應該做的事，作文要求我做的事。

Now, the only thing I would suggest about this one -- again, very basic. The only thing

現在，我對這個問題的唯一建議是 -- -- 同樣，非常基本。唯一的事情

I would recommend you could do: Make this -- take out the period. Take out this. "In

我建議你可以這樣做。把這個... 把句號去掉拿出這個。 "在

my opinion, life in the city is more advantageous due to the fact that the city offers better

在我看來，城市的生活更有優勢，因為城市提供了更好的服務。

economic and social opportunities." All I did was join the last two sentences. So now,

經濟和社會機會."我所做的只是將最後兩句連接起來。所以現在。

I have a three-sentence paragraph and a little bit more complex sentence because I have more

我有一個三句話的段落，句子比較複雜，因為我有更多的

clauses and more phrases in it. So it shows a little bit of sentence variety. And it's

分句和更多的短語在裡面。所以它顯示了一點句子的多樣性。而且它'的

very simple. All you have to do is just take out the beginning. If I want, I can just take

非常簡單。你只要把開頭的部分拿出來就可以了。如果我想，我可以只是採取

out the whole thing -- "due to the fact" is a good expression. Use it; remember it -- and

出整個事情 -- -- "由於事實"是一個很好的表達。使用它；記住它 -- 並且

just put "because". If you're stuck, if you don't know another expression to show reason,

就把"因為"。如果你'卡住了，如果你不知道另一種表達方式來表示理由。

just use "because". Preferably, you don't use "because" because a thousand other people

就用"因為"。最好不要用"because"，因為有一千個人。

taking the test with you are also using "because". You want to be a little bit different. You

和你一起參加考試的人也在使用"因為"。你想有一點不同。你

want to stand out a little bit. But if you're panicking, if you're stuck, use "because".

想要突出一點。但如果你'恐慌，如果你'卡住了，就用"因為"。

Now, again, I mentioned there's a -- slight differences between TOEFL and IELTS. The only

現在，我又提到了託福和雅思之間有's a --輕微的差異。唯一的

difference is time and number of words. For IELTS, you have 40 minutes to write your essay.

不同的是時間和字數。雅思考試，你有40分鐘的時間來寫文章。

TOEFL you have 30 minutes. That's -- ten minutes is a huge difference, right? You have to write

託福你有30分鐘。這's -- 十分鐘是一個巨大的差異，對不對？你必須寫

-- for IELTS, you have to write your paragraph up to -- your first paragraph, sorry -- up

-- 對於雅思考試，你必須寫你的段落到 - 你的第一段，對不起 - 了。

to eight minutes. More than eight minutes, maybe ten with the planning, you're getting

到八分鐘。超過8分鐘，也許10分鐘的規劃，你'得到了

into a bit of trouble. TOEFL, you have maybe five, six minutes to do this, right? So you

成有點麻煩。托福考試，你也許有五六分鐘的時間來做這件事，對嗎？所以你

have to be a little bit quicker. You have to be better prepared. All that means is just

必須要快一點。你必須要有更好的準備。所有這一切意味著只是