the things you eat come from some seriously questionable sources.

你吃下肚的一些東西，來源可是非常值得懷疑。

The manufacturing process for these foods is so disturbing that you're bound to want

這些食物的製造過程令人非常不安，這會讓你

to stop eating them — no matter how good they taste.

不想再吃它們 — 無論它們有多好吃。

Okay, so not all hot dogs are created equal, and some can be far worse than others, but even the process of actually making hot dogs is kinda gross.

好吧，不是所有的熱狗品質都是一樣，有些熱狗可能比其他差很多，但就算是實際製作熱狗的過程也有點糟。

The National Hot Dog & Sausage Council states that hot dogs are made with trimmings, which is true, but it's not the whole truth.

美國熱狗和香腸協會指出，熱狗是由碎肉所做成，這是事實，但並不是完整的事實。

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN defines “trimmings” as:

聯合國糧食及農業組織對「碎肉」的解釋：

"The raw meat materials used for precooked-cooked products are lower-grade muscle trimmings,

「預先煮熟的加工產品，生肉材料都是低檔次的肌肉碎肉、

fatty tissues, head meat, animal feet, animal skin, blood, liver, and other edible slaughter by-products."

脂肪組織、頭肉、動物的腳、外皮、血液、肝臟及其它可食用的屠宰肉類副產品。」

"You know I thought I'd have a stomach ache right now, but weirdly…

「你知道我以為我現在胃很痛，但很奇怪......

I do."

我胃真的在痛。」

The FAO also refers to it as "meat batter", which is a pretty perfect example of two words that should never go together.

糧農組織還將熱狗稱為「肉糊」，而這是這兩個字永遠不會在一起的完美例子。

During the actual manufacturing process, all these trimmings go through a series of pre-cooking,

在實際的製造過程中，這些所有碎肉都要經過一系列的預煮、

pureeing, and seasoning processes, after which they're squeezed into casings, which are often made of animal intestines.

搗碎和調味過程，然後將它們擠壓成腸衣，通常都由動物腸所製成。

And there's no amount of ketchup and mustard that can cover up that knowledge.

再多的番茄醬和芥末醬都無法掩蓋這些事實。

When Belgian filmmaker Alina Kneepkens made a short film documenting every step in the

比利時電影製片人阿麗娜．克奈普肯製作了一部短片，

process of making gummy bears, she found a process so graphic and messed up that it's sure to have anyone swearing them off for life.

記錄製作小熊軟糖的每個步驟，她發現有個過程如此寫實，要是搞砸了，肯定會有人終身詛咒他們。

The main problem here is gelatin, one of the key ingredients in gummy bears.

其中主要的問題是明膠，這是小熊軟糖的關鍵成分之一。

Well before the bright colors are added and the fun shapes are formed, animal carcasses are broken down and cut into pieces, with the skin and bones boiled in water for a long, long time.

在加上鮮豔的顏色和變成有趣的形狀前，會把動物的屍體分解並切成碎片，然後皮和骨頭會在水中煮沸很長很長一段時間。

It's all done just to get that gelatin, which is what gives the gummy treats their "gummy" texture.

這些過程都是為了取得明膠，同時也是讓小熊軟糖口感「彈牙」的原因。

And if that's making you want to wretch, don't fret too much, because there's actually another option here.

如果這讓你討厭小熊軟糖，先別擔心太多，因為實際上還有另一種選擇。

Vegan gummy bears get their texture from agar, which is sourced from algae, and totally bypasses the whole bone-grinding slaughter thing.

素食者從瓊脂上取得小熊軟糖的彈牙口感，瓊脂從藻類身上取得，完全避免把骨頭磨碎和屠殺的過程。

According to a report by the BBC, Nestle pays just 524 dollars a year for a permit to extract millions of gallons of water out of California's national forests.

根據英國廣播公司 (BBC) 的報導，雀巢 (Nestle) 每年只需支付 524 美元，就允許在加州國家森林提取數百萬加侖的水。

In 2015, they even diverted 36 million gallons at the same time state residents were living under strict water use regulations and drought conditions.

在 2015 年，雀巢挪用 3600 萬加侖的水，同一時間，當地民眾卻處在嚴格限水和乾旱的生活中。

The worst thing about that is that a huge amount of that water is wasted during the manufacturing process.

這件事最糟的是，在製造過程中浪費非常大量的水。

Business Insider suggests that the general rule of thumb is that, however much water is in the bottle, you can estimate it took about three times that much to make the container.

《BUSINESS INSIDER》建議，通常來說，不論瓶子裡有多少水，估計需要三倍多的水才能製造出容器。

And it's not just water they use, either, it takes about 17 million barrels of oil to

而且，不僅僅是他們使用的水，還需要約 1700 萬桶石油，

make all the bottles for the bottled water sold in a year; the same amount that would have kept one million cars running for that same year.

才能做出瓶裝水一年內銷售的所有數量； 同年需要相同的石油量，來維持 100 萬輛汽車的運作。

Don't go thinking the water you're drinking is much better than tap water, either.

也不要以為你喝的水比自來水好很多。

Food and Water Watch found that 52 percent of bottled water in 2009 came from the same public sources that feed your tap.

非營利組織「食品與水資源觀察 」指出，在 2009 年有 52％ 的瓶裝水，與供你水源的水龍頭一樣，來自相同的公共資源。

By 2018, that figure had risen to 64 percent.

到 2018 年，這數字已上升至 64 ％。

Worse still, bottled water isn't even subject to the same water safety processes and standards that have to be met by public water sources.

更糟糕的是，瓶裝水不像公共水源，必須遵守相同的水源安全程序及標準。

It's just more wasteful.

這只是更浪費罷了。

According to the Huffington Post, deli meats such as bologna and olive loaf first came

根據《哈芬登郵報》的報導，熟食肉像是波隆那香腸和橄欖麵包，首次出現在市面上，

about because manufacturers needed a way to use all the animal parts that people wouldn't buy separately.

是因為製造商需要用一種方式來使用動物所有部位，而那些部位民眾不會單獨購買。

These leftovers were pureed, mixed, and molded together and turned into the sandwich meats we all know and love.

這些剩餘的食物會一起壓成泥、攪和，再放進模具中，最後就變成我們都知道而且最愛的三明治夾肉。

But that's not the end of the story.

但這還不是全部的事實。

In 2006, the FDA approved an extra step in the manufacturing process, one that is supposed

在 2016 年，美國食藥監督管理局在製造過中核准一項額外步驟，該步驟應該

to help prevent the thousands of cases food poisoning reported in the US every year which

有助於改善每年在美國通報的數千例食物中毒事件，

are connected to the bacteria growing on deli meats.

這些事件與細菌生長在熟食肉有關。

Listeria was responsible for around 500 deaths annually, and manufacturers now combat that by spraying their product with a cocktail of six different viruses.

李斯特菌每年造成約 500 人死亡，製造商為了對抗這種情況，現在向自家產品噴灑六種不同病毒的混合物。

The spray is added before meat is packaged, and the viruses are types that only attack bacteria,

這樣的噴灑是在肉類包裝之前進行，而病毒是只會攻擊細菌的類型，

meaning they're safe for human consumption… but that doesn't make it any less gross.

代表對人類食用是安全的… 但這不會讓情況變好一點。

Did you ever try those Jelly Belly boxes with the really gross flavors?

你曾吃過那些味道很噁心的雷根糖嗎？

Harry Potter fans will know them as Bertie Bott's Every Flavour Beans, but they're also

哈利波特的粉絲都會知道那是「柏蒂全口味豆」，但這些糖

available as a part of Jelly Belly's BeanBoozled product line.

也是 Jelly Belly's BeanBoozled 生產的部分產品。

And they can be great, too, if you're prepared for the possibility of eating something that tastes like vomit, skunk odor, or rotten eggs.

如果你準備吃一些味道像嘔吐物、臭鼬味或臭雞蛋的東西，那你也可以吃得很開心。

"George sweared he got a bogey-flavored one once."

「喬治發誓說他曾吃過鼻屎口味的。」

But how do they get the flavors so spot-on?

但他們是如何準確抓到味道的？

According to Mental Floss, Jelly Belly take the real thing and put it into a gas chromatograph.

根據雜誌 Mental Floss 指出，雷根糖是使用真實的味道並放進氣相層析儀。

The object is then heated, which releases vapors of the stink they're trying to recreate.

接者將東西加熱，釋放出他們嘗試重新製造的臭味蒸氣。

The machine maps the chemical makeup of the stink, translates it into flavors, and then it's remade into Jelly Belly flavor juice.

機器會顯示出臭味的化學成分，再轉換成味道，最後重新做成雷根糖口味的果汁。

In a nutshell, the beans taste so realistic because they're based on the exact chemical signature of the things they're labelled as.

總而言之，這些豆子味道如此真實，因為那些東西是它們標籤上確切的化學特徵。

Still hungry?

還很餓嗎？

Ever wondered how "fresh-squeezed" orange juice still shows up on grocery store shelves in the middle of winter?

有沒有想過「鮮榨」柳橙汁，為什麼在冬天還能擺在商店架上。

Well, the whole process was documented in Alissa Hamilton's 2009 book Squeezed: What You Don't Know About Orange Juice.

好吧，整個過程記錄在艾麗莎．漢密爾頓 2009 年的一本書，Squeezed: What You Don't Know About Orange Juice。

Here are the basics: once the oranges are harvested and squeezed, the juice is put through

以下是基本知識：一旦柳丁收成並榨取後，就會將果汁

a process that removes all the oxygen, allowing manufacturers to store what's left of the

進行脫氧的過程，讓製造商可以將剩下的果汁，

juice in massive tanks, where it can sit for an whole year or more.

儲存在大型的容器裡，可以儲存整整一年或者更久。

When it's time to use the liquid, it doesn't just need to be re-oxygenated.

當需要使用果汁時，不僅不需要重新充氧。

It's also been stripped of most of its flavor, which is then added back in with flavor packs produced by companies which specialize in creating flavor and fragrance additives.

果汁大部分的味道也早就消除了，然後再加入香料包，香料由專門生產香料和香氣添加劑的公司所生產。

This also allows companies to tweak flavors based on customer feedback and consumer tastes.

這也讓公司可以根據客戶的反應和口味稍微做些改進。

Put short, they're artificially adding the flavors they took away in an attempt to make the juice last longer.

簡單來說，他們人工添加他們消除的味道，試圖讓果汁的存放時間持續更久。

Sounds delicious, doesn't it?

聽起來很美味，是吧？

It's not surprising that there are all kinds of strange things that go on during the manufacture

一點也不驚訝的是，葡萄酒的製造過程中會發生各種奇怪的事，

of wine, with some processes even taking place while the grape is still on the vine.

有些過程甚至發生在葡萄還長在葡萄藤上時。

Icewine, for example, is only made from grapes that have been frozen before being picked, making for a super sweet dessert wine.

舉例來說，冰酒是在冷凍葡萄採摘前所釀成的，是一種超甜的甜酒。

But one other dessert wine, which is grown mainly in the Bordeaux region of France, gets its sweetness in an even weirder way.

但還有另一種甜酒，主要在法國波爾多地區種植，以更奇怪的方式獲得甜味。

It's actually quite surprising that Sauternes wine is so expensive, considering that it's made from rotten grapes.

實際令人驚訝的是，梭甸非常昂貴，但想想它是用腐爛的葡萄所釀造出。

Of course, they're not just any rotten grapes, they've got to be infected by a fungus called Noble rot.

當然，它們不是一般腐爛的葡萄，而是受到一種名為貴腐的真菌感染。

Noble rot works because the grapes are essentially turned to raisins as the fungus grows.

貴腐會有效，是因為當真菌生長時，葡萄基本上會變成葡萄乾。

That way, they have less water but the same amount of sugar content, which translates to a sweeter wine with a higher alcohol content.

這樣的話，它們水分較少，但含糖量相同，代表它是酒精含量較高的甜酒。

According to VinePair, no one's really sure when the practice started, because the winemakers

根據社群媒體 VinePair，沒有人真的確定這樣的做法從何時開始，因為第一個這樣做的釀酒師，

who first used it didn't tell anyone how they were getting all that sweet flavor into their wine.

並沒有告訴任何人如何在葡萄酒中獲得所有甜味。

Honestly, can you blame them?

老實說，你能怪他們嗎？

Remember that pink slime image which circulated a few years back?

還記得幾年前流傳的粉紅肉渣圖片嗎？

It was mostly associated with McDonald's, and much of the outrage came from the idea

它主要與麥當勞有關，而且大部分的憤怒都來自於

that the chain was using the nasty substance as one of their major ingredients.

連鎖店使用非常糟糕的材料作為主要成分。

But many people didn't realize that the same pink slime is regularly used to make most ground beef.

但許多人沒有意識到，相同的粉紅肉渣通常大部分都拿來做成牛絞肉。

More accurately known as "lean finely textured beef," or "boneless beef trimmings", this

更準確來說是「細碎瘦牛肉」或「無骨牛絞肉」，

stuff is essentially made when small pieces of lean meat, usually cuttings and trimmings

這種東西基本上是小塊瘦肉，通常是從其他過程中切下來的切屑和碎肉，

from other processes, are ground down and sometimes treated with a mix of water and ammonium hydroxide.

經過磨碎後，有時用水和氨水混合處理製成的。

They're then added to the ground beef to bulk up the product, make it leaner, and use up more of the animal.

之後將它們加進牛絞肉中，來增加產品的重量，讓產品變得更精簡並用光更多的動物。

The FDA has declared it completely safe, but if you're still outraged then you'll probably

食藥管理局表示這完全安全，但如果你還是很生氣，那你可能會想知道，

want to know that it's likely found in the ground beef you regularly pick up at the grocery store.

你經常在商店買到的牛絞肉，很可能就有那些東西。

Worcestershire sauce may have been first made in England back in the 19th century,

伍斯特醬首次製造的時候，可能是在 19 世紀的英格蘭，

but the process which chemists used to create it back then is still used today.

但當時化學家所用的製造過程，至今仍在使用。

Like those early first batches, it takes years of stewing in buckets and barrels to make modern Worcestershire sauce.

像那些早期第一批醬汁，需要放在水桶和酒桶中燉煮多年，才能做出現在的伍斯特醬。

First, pickled onion and garlic is left sitting in malt vinegar for up to 24 months.

首先，將醃好的洋蔥和大蒜泡在麥芽醋中長達 24 個月。

In other barrels, anchovies sit in salt for months on end, too.

在其他桶子中，鯷魚也會連續泡在鹽中好幾個月。

Most of the other ingredients and exact quantities used are a closely-guarded secret,

大多數其他成分和確切數量都是嚴格保密的秘密，

but we do know there's a lot of white and malt vinegar, molasses, and sugar, which all gets mixed together after it's sat and fermented and liquified for an appropriately long time.

但我們知道有很多白醋和麥芽醋、糖蜜和糖，經過適當的長時間發酵和液化後，將它們混合在一起。

It's then pumped into holding tanks where it stews for an equally long stretch of time.

然後將其泵入儲存槽，在那燉相當長一段時間。

Finally, the sauce is strained several times to get all the chunky bits out,

最後一步，醬汁會過濾好幾次，才得出矮矮胖胖的一小罐醬汁，

ultimately turning the mixture into something that honestly does taste way better than it sounds.

最後把那些混合物變成其實味道比聽起來更好的東西。

"It's Wors...Wors…"

「這是伍斯...伍斯...」

"Worste…

「伍斯德...

Worcest…."

「伍斯瑟...」

"Wor...ses…

「伍...斯...」

"Worcesestershire…"

「伍斯特郡...」

Let's be honest: the planet is in a pretty dire state these days.

老實說：現在地球處於非常糟糕的情況。

But one way to make a small yet beneficial change is to cut out hard and aged cheeses from your diet.

但有個小辦法有助改善情況，那就是在日常飲食中不再吃硬質和熟成起司。

According to the Environmental Working Group, cheese is one of the foods which hits the environment hardest.

根據美國環境工作組織指出，起司是對世界造成最嚴重傷害的食物之一。

It takes an average of 10 pounds of milk to make just a pound of cheese,

平均需要 10 磅牛奶才能製成一磅起司，

and even the cows themselves have a devastating impact on the environment, thanks partly to the gases they produce and partly because of the massive amounts of food they eat.

即使是乳牛本身也會對環境造成嚴重影響，一部分歸咎於牠們排出的氣體，另一部分是牠們吃了大量的食物。

Milk products are also particularly bad for the planet, because their by-products contribute

乳產品也對地球特別不利，因為它們的副產品

massively to the process of eutrophication, a type of nutrient pollution that's killing off the planet's fish.

對優養化過程有很大影響，優養化是一種營養物的汙染，會殺害地球上的魚類。

Aged cheeses present their own problems, too, because the process of aging them requires

熟成起司也有它們的問題，因為在熟成的過程中，

them to be kept in a climate-controlled space, and for most places in America that means using up a ton of electricity.

起司需要放置在氣候控制的空間，而對於美國大多數地方來說，這代表需要耗費大量的電力。

Many of the grains used in cereals are prepped for consumption using a high-temperature process called extrusion.

許多做成穀類食品來食用的穀物，都是經高溫程序所製成，這過程稱為擠壓。

The grains are cooked, certain components are removed, and then they're forced through a machine designed to reshape the grain into the desired form and texture.

將穀物煮熟，除去某些成分，然後強制送進機器，重新改變穀物的形狀，變成預期的形狀和口感。

A study in the International Journal of Food Science and Technology looked at the impact

食品科學與技術雜誌的一項研究，

of extrusion on nutritional quality and found that while some good things come out of the

研究了擠壓過程對營養質量的影響，雖然過程中有些不錯的事，

process, such as the sterilization of the grains, some pretty messed up things happen, too.

例如穀類的消毒，但也有些糟糕的事發生。

Vitamins can be very easily destroyed during extrusion, including beta-carotene, vitamin C, and antioxidants.

維生素在擠壓過程中很容易被破壞，包括 β-胡蘿蔔素、維生素 C 和抗氧化劑。

The process has also been found to greatly reduce the number of cancer-fighting compounds in soy,　

這過程也發現會大大減少大豆中抗癌化合物的數量，

as well as the soy isoflavones credited for helping protect against heart disease, osteoporosis, and cancer.

以及有助於預防心臟病、骨質疏鬆和癌症的大豆異黃酮。

While extrusion is generally viewed as a massive step forward in the world of food processing,

雖然擠壓技術在世上視為食品加工的一大進步，

the loss of these beneficial compounds is something you might want to keep in mind

但如果你依靠穀物來增加營養，

if you rely on cereal for a nutritional boost, because in most cases, you're only eating a bowl of carbohydrates that have little nutritional value.

那你該銘記在心的是，那些對你有益的化合物會流失，因為在大多數情況下，你只是在吃一碗營養價值很低的碳水化合物。

Check out one of our newest videos right here!

來這裡看看我們最新的影片！

Plus, even more Mashed videos about your favorite stuff are coming soon.

此外，Mashed 將推出更多影片來討論你最愛的東西。

Subscribe to our YouTube channel, and hit the bell so you don't miss a single one.

訂閱我們的 YouTube 頻道，記得打開小鈴鐺才不會錯過任何一部影片。