Name: 【性別平等】女性之前沒有投票權！為女權發聲的那些巾幗英雄 (The historic women's suffrage march on Washington - Michelle Mehrtens)
Uploaded: 2019-03-27T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 4 min 55 s

On March 3, 1913, protesters parted for the woman in white: dressed in a flowing cape and sitting astride a white horse, the activist Inez Milholland was  hard to miss.

在 1913 年的三月三號，抗議者為了一位穿著一件飄逸的斗篷，跨坐在一隻白馬上的婦女讓出道路，人們絕對無法不注意到行動主義者 Inez Milholland。

She was riding at the helm of the Women's Suffrage Parade, the first mass protest for a woman's right to vote on a national scale.

她領導女性投票權遊行運動，第一場為了讓全國女性擁有投票權的大型示威活動。

After months of strategic planning and controversy, thousands of women gathered  in Washington D.C.

經過數月縝密的計畫和爭論，數以千計的婦女聚集在華盛頓特區。

Here, they called for a constitutional amendment granting them the right to vote.

在這裡，她們要求修憲以賦予她們投票的權利。

By 1913, women's rights activists had been campaigning for decades.

直到 1913 年，女權主義者已積極從事運動好幾十年。

As a disenfranchised group, women had no voice in the laws that  affected their, or anyone else's lives.

身為被剝奪公民權的群體，女性沒有權利為影響她們或是任何其他人的法律提出異議。

However, they were struggling to secure broader support for political equality.

然而，她們為了獲得政治上的平等而努力爭取更多的支持。

They'd achieved no major victories  since 1896, when Utah and Idaho enfranchised women.

她們自從 1896 年一直都沒有具指標性的勝利，當時猶他州和愛達荷州賦予女性公民權。

That brought the total number of states which recognized a women's right to vote to four.

這項舉動讓承認女性投票權的總州數來到四。

A new, media-savvy spirit arrived in the form of Alice Paul.

Alice Paul帶來一種善於利用媒體的新氣息。

She was inspired by the British suffragettes, who went on hunger strikes and endured imprisonment in the early 1900s.

她自 1900 年代早期，英國主張女性有權參政、發動絕食抗爭並忍受監禁的婦女們身上獲得靈感。

Rather than conduct costly campaigns on a state-by-state basis, Paul sought the long-lasting impact of a constitutional amendment, which would protect women's voting rights nationwide.

保羅沒有一州一州的進行勞民傷財的抗爭運動，而是尋求修憲後將保護全國婦女投票權的長期效應。

As a member of the National American Women Suffrage Association, Paul proposed a massive pageant to whip  up support and rejuvenate the movement.

身為國家美國婦女選舉權協會的一員，保羅提議了一場大型的盛典來激發支持和為這場運動注入活力。

Washington authorities initially rejected her plan, and then tried to relegate the march  to side streets.

華盛頓官方單位原先拒絕她的計畫，並試圖把這場遊行流放到遠離主要交通幹道的街道。

But Paul got those decisions overturned and confirmed a parade for the day before the presidential inauguration of Woodrow Wilson.

但保羅推翻了那些決定，並確認在 Woodrow Wilson 的總統就職典禮前一天舉行一場遊行。

This would maximize media coverage and grab the attention of the crowds who would be in town.

這項舉動將會促成大篇幅媒體報導，並會攫取進城的群眾的注意。

However, in planning the parade, Paul mainly focused on appealing to white women from all backgrounds, including those who were racist.

然而，在規畫遊行的過程中，保羅主要著重在呼籲來自各行各業的白人女性，包含種族主義者。

She actively discouraged African American activists and organizations from participating, and stated that those who did so should march in the back.

她積極勸退非裔美國運動者及組織不要參與，並聲明所有參加的非裔運動者和組織必須走在遊行隊伍的後方。

But black women would not be made invisible in a national movement they helped shape.

但黑人女性在她們一同幫忙促成的國家運動中不會被抹滅。

On the day of the march, Ida B. Wells-Barnett,  a ground-breaking investigative journalist and anti-lynching advocate, refused to move to the back and proudly marched under the Illinois banner.

在遊行的當天，Ida B. Wells-Barnett，一位開創性的調查新聞記者和反私刑處死的倡議者，拒絕走在遊行隊伍的後方且驕傲地舉著伊利諾州橫幅遊行。

The co-founder of the NAACP, Mary Church Terrell, joined the parade with the 22 founders of the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, an organization created by female students from Howard University.

全國有色人種協進會的共同創辦人 Mary Church Terrel 和 Delta Sigma Theta 婦女聯誼會，一個由霍華大學的女學生所創辦的組織其中的二十二名創始人一同參與遊行。

In these ways and more, black women persevered despite deep hostility from white women in the movement, and at great political and physical risk.

在這些過程中，黑人女性堅持不懈，儘管運動中受到白人女性深切的敵意及處在政治和實質上的危險中。

On the day of the parade, suffragists assembled to create a powerful exhibition.

在遊行當天，主張婦女有權參政者集合在一起，促成一場強而有力的展覽會。

The surging sections of the procession included international suffragists, artists, performers and business owners.

人潮蜂擁的遊行隊伍包含來自各國的主張婦女有權參政者、藝術家、表演家和商人。

Floats came in the form of golden chariots; an enormous Liberty Bell; and a map of enfranchised countries.

遊行花車包含金色的四輪馬車；一個巨大的自由之鐘；和一個有著賦予選舉權的國家的地圖。

On the steps of the Treasury Building, performers acted out the historical achievements of women to a live orchestra.

在財政部大樓的台階上，表演者以一場實況管樂隊表演，演繹歷史上女性的成就。

The marchers carried on even as a mob blocked the route, hurling insults and spitting at women, tossing cigars, and physically assaulting participants.

遊行者持續示威，即使有一群暴民阻擋道路、厲聲叫罵、對女性吐口水、亂扔菸蒂和攻擊參與者。

The police did not intervene, and in the end, over 100 women were hospitalized.

警方並沒有調停，到了最後，超過一百位婦女被送醫。

Their mistreatment, widely reported throughout the country, catapulted the parade into the public eye, and garnered suffragists greater sympathy.

他們的虐待，被廣泛地在全國報導，讓這起遊行迅速獲得大眾的注意，並讓主張婦女有權參政者取得更多的同情。

National newspapers lambasted the police, and Congressional hearings investigated their actions during the parade.

國家報紙嚴厲斥責警方，而國會公聽會介入調查他們在遊行中的舉動。

After the protest, the "Women's Journal" declared, "Washington has been disgraced. Equal suffrage has scored a great victory."

在抗爭結束之後，「女性日誌」聲明，「華盛頓已蒙受恥辱。平等的投票權已取得一個偉大的勝利。」

In this way, the march initiated a surge of support for women's voting rights that endured in the coming years.

透過這樣的方式，這場遊行促成對婦女投票權持續數年的廣大支持。

Suffragists kept up steady pressure on their representatives, attended rallies, and petitioned the White House.

主張婦女有權參政者持續對他們的州議員施壓、出席集會及向白宮請願。

Inez Milholland, the woman on the white horse, campaigned constantly throughout  the United States, despite suffering from chronic health problems.

Inez Milholland，那位身騎白馬的女性，持續在全美國倡議，儘管她長期受到慢性病的折磨。

She did not live to see her efforts come to fruition.

她未能在她生前看見她努力的成果。

In 1916, she collapsed while giving a suffrage speech and died soon after.

在 1916 年，她在一場投票權演講中累垮，不久後去世。

According to popular reports, her last words were, "Mr. President, how long must women wait for liberty?”

根據廣為流傳的報導，她最後說的話是，「總統先生，女性還需要等多久才能獲得自由？」

Though full voting inclusion would take decades, in 1920, Congress ratified the 19th amendment, finally granting women the right to vote.

雖然完整的選舉權仍需好幾十年，在 1920 年，國會正式批准第十九條修憲案，終於賦予女性投票權。