US President Donald Trump's victory is part of a new wave of Populism sweeping through the democracies of the world.

新一波的民粹主義正席捲世界上的民主國家，美國總統唐納．川普的獲勝即是一個例子。

What differentiates populists from mainstream politicians is the claim that they alone represent the will of the people as a whole.

民粹主義領袖和主流政客不一樣的是，他們聲稱自己一人即代表全民意志。

That allows them to dismiss any opposition to themselves or their policies as an attack on the popular will.

這使他們得以用「違背全民意志」為由，不去理會任何反對他們和他們政策的聲浪。

Modern populists often take this approach as they tap into the backlash against immigration and a globalized economy that many voters who feel left behind.

面對社會對於移民的反彈，以及許多選民反應對全球化經濟政策的無感，現代民粹主義領袖經常採取此策略。

Here's the situation.

情況是這樣的。

Unlike most ism's, populism does not lean left, right, or even center.

和大多數「主義」不同的是，民粹主義非左派也非右派，甚至也不中立。

From the late radical socialist Hugo Chavez in Venezuela to the far-right nationalist Marine Le Pen in France, the uniting factor is how they conduct politics.

從已故的委內瑞拉激進派社會主義總統烏戈．查維茲，到極右派的法國國家主義者瑪琳．勒朋，他們一致的特點就是他們操作政治的手法。

According to one author, there are three core requirements for politicians to be considered populist.

根據一位作家所言，民粹主義者有三個要點。

One: they make an appeal to the people, championing their cause against a despised elite.

其一 : 他們會訴諸於民眾，擁護自己對抗一位受眾人唾棄的菁英分子。

"She will keep our rigged system in place. I alone can fix it."

「她會讓我們的政府機關持續受到非法操控。我一個人就能解決這問題。」

Populists also use crises, or manufacture them, to justify the call to revolt.

其二 : 民粹主義者也會利用危機，或是自己製造危機，來合理化他們口中的人民起義。

And lastly, inflammatory language is used to shock the establishment and prove the politician's credentials as one of the people.

其三 : 他們會利用煽動性言辭動搖政府，並藉此證明自己和人民同一陣線。

"There is a lot of Moroccan scum in Holland making the streets unsafe."

「有很多摩洛哥敗類在荷蘭，造成街道維安問題。」

"Mr. Obama, you can go to hell."

「歐巴馬先生，你滾一邊去吧。」

Here's the argument.

論點在此。

Because populists make big promises to shake up society, they tend to bump up quickly against democratic checks and balances, in particular the courts and media that are designed to limit what governments can do.

由於民粹主義者許下大承諾要重組社會，他們往往會和民主把關機構起衝突，特別是設立來限制政府權限的法庭和媒體。

The temptation becomes to declare these institutions part of an elite conspiracy to block the people's will.

他們甚至宣稱這些機構是菁英份子的同謀，目的是要阻擋人民意志。

"I have a running war with the media. They are among the most dishonest human beings on Earth."

「我一直都在和媒體鬥爭。他們是世界上最不正直的一群人類。」

There is a reason why populists emerge.

民粹主義之所以崛起是有原因的。

They promise a correction for democracies that seem to have lost their representative power and they offer a fresh start.

他們承諾改正看似已經失去公信力的民主政權，提供一個新的開始。

The challenge remains for mainstream politicians to address widespread economic and cultural fears.

主流政客面臨挑戰，必須解決散佈於社會的經濟和文化危機。

Otherwise the draw of populism is not going away anytime soon.

否則民粹主義的吸引力怎麼也不會散去。

"Anything is possible if enough decent people are prepared to stand up against the establishment."

「只要有足夠的正直群眾站出來、對抗現存的體制，萬事皆有可能。」

"Thank you very much indeed."

「非常謝謝各位。」