After hearing how Alan Eustace jumped out of a balloon 42 km up and survived,

在聽到 Alan Eustace 成功從 42 公里高的氣球上跳下來後，

I started to wonder about what would happen if he had been even higher.

我開始好奇，如果從更高的的方跳下來會發生什麼事？

How would his body have handled the extreme conditions of the atmosphere?

他的身體要如何處理大氣層的極端條件？

What if you fell from space to Earth?

如果你從外太空掉到地球會怎樣？

Let's go way up to the Karman line, where space technically begins, 100 km above Earth's surface.

我們一起到卡門線看看，外太空嚴格來說，是從地球表面上 100 公里處開始算起。

We're going to jump out of this rocket and find out what happens.

我們馬上要從火箭上跳下來，看看會發生什麼事。

As you can see, we are immediately knocked unconscious.

如你所見，我們馬上就不省人事了。

Brain cells need a constant flow of oxygen, which there's not very much of up here.

腦細胞需要有固定的氧氣流量，而這裡並沒有太多的氧氣。

So when they don't get that, the brain goes into a state of hypoxia and kinda just shuts down.

因此，當他們沒有氧氣，大腦會進入缺氧狀態，可以說是停止運作。

In serious cases, this can lead to seizures, coma, and even brain death.

嚴重的話，這可能導致癲癇發作、昏迷，甚至是腦死。

Also, up here in the thermosphere, we're being exposed to some very intense X-Rays and UV rays from the sun.

此外，在增溫層中，我們暴露在一些非常強烈的 X 射線和來自太陽的紫外線。

If this alone doesn't kill us, we'll likely start vomiting due to radiation poisoning.

如果這樣還殺不死我們，我們可能會因輻射中毒而開始嘔吐

When we get to the mesosphere, which reaches from 85 km above Earth down to 50 km, things don't get much better.

當我們到達地球上空 50 至 85 公里的中氣層時，事情並沒有好轉。

We're met with extremely cold temperatures here, almost negative 100 degrees celsius, giving us some serious frostbite!

我們這裡會遇到非常冷的溫度，幾乎是 -100°C，會讓我們嚴重凍傷！

But on top of that, the friction of falling this fast from this high up is literally burning through our skin!

但最重要的是，從這高處快速下降的摩擦力，確實會讓我們的皮膚燒起來！

This is also the layer of the atmosphere where meteors disintegrate.

大氣層也是讓流星分解的那層。

They leave trails of dust and light behind them, which is what makes them look like shooting stars.

他們留下灰塵和光線的痕跡，讓他們看起來像流星。

If you were to fall through the atmosphere, it would kind of be like you're a human version of a shooting star,

如果你掉到大氣層中，會讓你像是人體流星，

which doesn't sound fun when you actually think about what's happening.

當你真的想到這事時，這聽起來並不有趣。

Next, we'll enter the stratosphere, which is between 50km to about 15 km above the Earth's surface.

接下來，我們將進入平流層，位於地球表面上約 15 至 50 公里間。

There's a point in the stratosphere above which, your blood starts to boil, around 23 km up.

在平流層上方有一個重點，大約在 23 公里處，你的血液會開始沸騰。

At this level of atmospheric pressure, liquids boil at much lower temperatures

在這大氣壓力程度下，液體可以在極低的溫度下沸騰，

because the change in pressure of the liquid allows molecules to move more freely between liquid and gas states.

因為液體壓力的變化，讓分子在液態和氣態間更自由移動。

The lower the pressure, the quicker it boils.

壓力越低，沸騰速度越快。

So with low pressure levels at this height and above, your blood boils.

因此，在這高度及以上的低壓程度下，你的血液會沸騰。

It could also happen with other bodily fluids like stomach acid and urine too!

它也可能發生在其他體液，如：胃酸和尿液！

The troposphere would likely be the least excruciatingly painful of the atmospheric levels.

對流層可能是大氣層中最不痛苦的一層。

In this layer that stretches about 15 km above the Earth's surface, the atmosphere becomes a lot more rich in oxygen and we can finally regain consciousness.

在距離地球表面約 15 公里的這一層中，大氣變得富含氧氣，我們終於可以恢復意識。

But what next?

但，接下來呢？

No one has ever fallen from 100 km up, but people have survived some pretty impressive falls.

沒有人從 100 公里以上掉下來過，但有人在一些令人印象深刻的墜落中活下來。

Like WWII pilot Alan Magee who survived a fall of 6 km after crashing through a glass roof which absorbed some of the impact.

就像第二次世界大戰的飛行員艾倫．馬吉一樣，在撞到玻璃屋頂後，吸收了一些衝擊力，從 6 公里的墜落中活下來。

Or Vesna Vulovic whose plane exploded 10 km up.

或是維斯娜．烏洛維奇，她的飛機在 10 公里高的地方爆炸。

She fell to the ground inside a piece of the plane and survived!

她在飛機的一塊殘骸中墜落下來並且生還！

And it goes without saying, but obviously do not attempt this yourself.

不用多說，但顯然你不要自己嘗試。

I want you to be safe.

我希望你安全。

So, have you ever been skydiving? Would you want to go skydiving?

那麼，你有沒有跳過傘？ 你想去跳傘嗎？

Let me know in the comment section below, or tell us, what should we talk about next?

在下方留言告訴我，或是告訴我們下次該聊什麼？

I know a lot of you watch our videos to “Keep on Thinking,” and want to build the skill sets for doing so,

我知道你們很多人都在看我們「Keep on Thinking」的影片，也想要建立這樣做的技能組，

and that's why I'm so excited to team up with our sponsor Brilliant dot org.

這是為什麼我很高興與我們的讚助商 Brilliant dot org 合作。

Brilliant offers you engaging problems to get you interested, and they help explain

Brilliant 提供有引人入勝的問題讓你感興趣，幫助解釋

how to break the problem down into relevant concepts, think through each part, and build back up to the conclusion.

如何將問題分解為相關概念，思考每個部分，並回顧結論。

when you are falling from space to earth, it involves a lot of physics

當你從太空掉落到地球時，它涉及到很多物理學

and because physics is so interesting, Brilliant offers both basic and advanced courses in physics!

因為物理學非常有趣，Brilliant 提供物理學的基礎和高階課程！

I tried them, I absorbed the information, they're fantastic.

我嘗試過了，我吸收不少資訊，它們太棒了。

To support Life Noggin and learn more about Brilliant, go to brilliant dot org slash Life Noggin and sign up for free.

支持 Life Noggin 與了解更多有關 Brilliant 的資訊，請到 brilliant dot org/Life Noggin， 而且免費註冊！

There's a link at the top of the description.

說明上方有個連結。

Also, the first 200 people that go to that link will get 20% off the annual Premium subscription.

此外，前往連結的前 200 人可以獲得年度高級訂閱 20％ 的折扣。

If you sign up to Brilliant through our link, make sure to Tweet me everything you learned, and we can chat all about it! @LifeNoggin

如果你使用我們的連結註冊 Brilliant，一定要發推特告訴我你學到的任何東西，我們可以聊聊所有內容！@LifeNoggin

As always, my name is Blocko.

一如往常，我是 Blocko。

This has been Life Noggin.

這裡是 Life Noggin。

Don't forget to keep on thinking.

別忘了繼續思考。