But one tiny island is leading the world in bridging these gaps.

但有一座小島正引領著世界去消除兩性的不平等。

Iceland is pioneering ways to get more mothers back to work, to root out gender stereotypes, and to close the pay gap.

為了根絕性別刻板印象並消除薪資差距，冰島正開拓許多條道路讓更多媽媽們返回職場。

It's a human rights issue, isn't it?

這是人權議題，不是嗎？

Paying the same wage for equally valuable jobs.

為相同價值的工作支付一樣的工資。

Could Iceland inspire the world to solve one of its greatest problems?

冰島能夠激發世界去解決其中一個最大的問題嗎？

Equality is absolutely the key to everything.

平等絕對是一切事物的關鍵。

Iceland: best place to be a woman?

冰島是最適合女性居住的地方嗎？

Iceland has topped gender equality rankings for nearly a decade.

冰島在性別平等排名中名列前茅已經將近十年的時間。

One of the secrets to their success: start early.

其中一項他們成功的秘密是：早點起步。

This kindergarten in the capital of Reykjavik focuses on challenging extreme gender stereotypes before they take root in boys and girls.

這所位於首都雷克雅維克的幼兒園，在性別刻板印象生根於男孩和女孩的內心前，致力於挑戰極端的性別刻板印象。

For boys, for example, always being strong, always decisive, always taking charge, they will end up bullying, fighting, breaking rules.

舉例來說，我們常灌輸給男孩的是，要很強壯、果斷、負責，這樣的灌輸最後可能出現霸凌、打鬥以及違反原則的狀況。

We do it with the girls as well!

我們對女孩也是如此！

If you're always helpful, caring, thinking about others, always looking at a friend for acceptance, you will have forgotten about yourself.

如果你總是很願意幫忙、照顧他人、為他人著想、尋求同儕認可，那你可能會忘了自己。

We need to get away from the extreme qualities. We need to get more in the middle, all of us.

我們必須遠離這些極端特質，我們應該要更中庸。

It's a mission that's led to the creation of 17 schools across this tiny country.

這項任務讓這個小國創建了 17 所學校。

All focused on developing a healthy balance of characteristics in both sexes.

所有學校都致力於發展一個健全平衡的兩性特徵。

Girls and boys are separated to allow girls to nurture traits traditionally viewed as masculine, like being bold, independent, and taking risks.

女孩和男孩被分開，是為了培養女孩擁有那些傳統上常被視為男性化的特質，像是勇敢、獨立，以及承擔風險。

And boys are given time to learn traits traditionally viewed as feminine.

而男孩會花時間去學習那些傳統上被認為是女性化的特質。

Like being more group oriented, empathetic, and caring.

例如變得更以團體為導向、有同理心和愛心。

And the signs are that this is working.

跡象顯示這麼做是有用的。

Research suggests that in later years, children from this school have a greater understanding of gender equality when compared to children from other schools.

研究表示，幾年後這間學校的學生比起其他學校的學生會更了解兩性平等的意義。

There is nothing like a quick fix to this huge inequality in the world.

對於世界上的極大不平等並沒有一個快速的解方。

But if we all do a little bit here and there and there... yes, then at last we will get some results.

但如果大家都付出一點點 ... 是的，至少我們能得到一些結果。

Iceland is also promoting gender equality by encouraging fathers to share the childcare burden with mothers.

冰島也透過鼓勵爸爸和媽媽共同分擔照顧小孩，來促進性別平等。

In 2000, it introduced what is known as a Daddy Quota.

2000 年，冰島引進一項「爸爸配額」制度。

Three months Statutory Paternity Leave.

三個月的法定陪產假。

It's an allowance that goes much further than most other countries in the world.

這個配額遠遠超過世界上其它許多的國家。

Here, over 70 percent of fathers take up the full 3 months leave.

在這裡，七成以上的爸爸都會用滿三個月的陪產假。

Why?

為什麼？

Because the state covers 80 percent of his salary during this period, up to a cap of $4,600 a month.

因為國家在這段期間會繼續付他八成的薪水，只要每月都在 4,600 美元以內。

One beneficiary of this generous system is Igor Bianason, who's looking after his son Vala.

在這個豐厚的制度下，其中有一位受益人Igor Bianason，正照顧他的兒子 Vala。

Igor believes the high cost of the Daddy Quota to tax payers is justified because it helps get more women in to work.

Igor 相信因為「爸爸配額」的高花費而課稅是公平的，因為它幫助更多婦女回到職場。

Imagine you went hiring someone for a new position... you had applicants from a man and a woman.

試著想像你要僱用新人，一男一女來應徵。

You would be much less likely to take into the equation... that the woman could have a child in the future and go on leave because... the man is also going to do that.

你就比較不會想：女性將來會因為生小孩離開工作崗位，因為男性也會有育嬰假。

So it does create a more equal field out there.

所以這的確可以製造更多的職場平等。

But even in Iceland, men are still paid nearly 6 percent more than women for similar work.

但就算是在冰島，在類似的工作裡，男性的薪水仍比女性高出將近 6％。

This year, Iceland became the first country in the world to pass legislation, not just to expose, but to tackle the gender pay gap.

今年，冰島成為世界上第一個通過法律 — 不只是揭發甚至去著手處理男女薪水差異 — 的國家。

Companies with over 25 employees, like Reykjavik Energy, now have to prove they are paying men and women equally for similar jobs.

超過 25 位員工的公司，像是雷克雅維克能源公司，現在必須證明他們付給男性和女性的薪水是同工同酬的。

Every job at the company must be measured against a set of criteria.

公司裡的每一項工作必須透過一道道標準來衡量。

This produces a score.

這產生了分數。

For jobs with the same score, workers must be paid the same.

對於分數相同的工作員工必須收到一樣的薪水。

When Reykjavik Energy used this pay calculator, the inequalities came into sharp and immediate focus.

當雷克雅維克能源公司使用這種薪資算法，那些不平等現象變得更激烈也立即受到關注。

We noticed that there was a pay gap there between the unskilled workers that were outside and the unskilled workers inside.

我們發覺薪資上的差異發生在室外和室內工作的新人之間。

The outside unskilled workers are mainly men and the unskilled workers inside, that's the cleaning staff, the staff in the kitchen, that's mostly women.

在室外工作的新人主要是男生而在室內工作工作的新人，像是清潔工和廚房裡的職員幾乎都是女生。

What's important to keep in mind is the gender pay gap.

而我們都該記住的重點是兩性間薪資的差異。

It's not there because there's a couple of evil men making decisions to pay women less.

之所以不平等，是因為有些邪惡的男人決定付更少的薪水給女人。

It's this unconscious bias that we all have.

這是一個我們無意間都有的偏見。

We place more value on traditionally male dominated jobs.

在傳統上，我們往往更重視讓男性主導工作。

The company rectified this by raising the wages of it's female employees.

公司透過提高女性職員薪水來矯正這件事。

Critics of the law point out there will be significant financial consequences for companies as they rectify their pay inequalities.

法律評論家指出在他們調整薪水的不平均之後，公司將會有重大的財務影響。

But many argue this is a necessary price to pay.

但是有許多人抱怨，認為這是必要的代價。

It's a human rights issue, isn't it?

這是人權議題，不是嗎？

Paying the same wage for equally valuable jobs.

為相同價值的工作支付一樣的工資。

Having a law that requires companies to have this, it makes everyone accountable.

立法要求公司必須遵守讓每個人都為此負責。

Gender equality will be an ever more pressing challenge for wealthy countries across the world.

對於世界上的富有國家而言，性別平等將會是個更急迫的挑戰。

Could the ambitious measures being tested in Iceland provide practical solutions?

這些在冰島實施的、有遠大志向的措施，是否就是解決性別不平等的實際辦法？