We've kind of distinguished between naive practice and deliberate practice.

我們一直想試著區別一般練習與刻意練習有什麼不同。

Naive practice is people who just play games, whether it's basketball, soccer, or somebody goes out playing a golf game, so they're just accumulating more experience.

進行一般練習的人，練習模式比較偏向玩票性質，像是打籃球、踢足球或是打高爾夫球，所以他們只是不斷累積更多經驗而已。

We differentiate that from when you actually pinpoint something you want to change.

但我們想要人們更聚焦在想改變的事物上。

And once you have that specific goal of changing it, you will now engage in a practice activity that has a purpose of changing that.

而一旦你有了明確目標後，訂定計畫開始執行，你就會開始一連串的練習，因為你有目標，你渴望改變。

How do you actually apply these ideas of deliberate practice when you're an entrepreneur?

所以究竟該怎麼樣運用刻意練習技巧，在工作表現有所發揮呢？假如你是一位創業家，該怎麼讓員工看到你的好表現呢？

The key is to identify something specific that you actually can improve.

關鍵就是你要清楚知道自己哪裡有待改善。

So, for example, in many meetings, you're actually making a presentation, you're making a proposal, and the question is now, "How can you improve that?"

舉例來說，你可能需要在一些會議需要上台報告，也可能需要提案，所以關鍵是，你該怎麼精進這些能力呢？

What you need to do is to invest time and actually work out various issues that might come up or questions that might be asked.

你需要做的是，投入時間練習去預測其他人可能提到哪些議題，或是會提出哪些問題問你。

And then maybe making the presentation in front of a video camera, so you can actually look at yourself and make corrections even before you do the presentation at the meeting.

接著，你可以試著錄下自己的練習過程，這樣你就可以之後回放，看看自己在正式上台報告前，有沒有哪些需要改進的地方。

You have to identify something that you can actually do better, and then focus the training on improving that particular aspect until you can now integrate it in your regular performance.

你也要發現自己有哪些長處，並且專注練習，繼續讓自己的長處可以在過程中更加明顯，直到你可以在正式上台時自然表現。

(upbeat music)

(音樂)