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  • 081127882 is a hard number to remember.

    081127882 是串不太好記的數字

  • If you chunk the number into 081 127 882 its easier.

    但假如你把這串數字切開來看,081 127 882三組,就好記多了

  • Cutting large bits of information into smaller pieces

    把一大段訊息分割成數小段

  • helps us to understand.

    可以幫助我們理解

  • If we put small pieces back together,

    假如我們再把數小段資訊拼回來

  • we can see the big picture and that helps us to remember.

    我們可以看得更全面,而這也有助於記憶

  • The process is called Chunking.

    以上過程我們稱為「分段理解」技巧

  • This is how it works.

    讓我們一起來看看究竟是怎麼一回事吧!

  • Our short-term memory is fast but tiny.

    短期記憶沒有辦法讓我們記得多記得久

  • According to learning expert Dr. Oakley

    學習專家 Oakley 博士表示

  • it can hold only 4 chunks of information at once.

    我們一次只能記住四個意義單位的資訊

  • So when new inputs arrive it has two ways to pick them up.

    所以,在新資訊進腦海的時候,我們有兩種方式來吸收

  • First, it can overwrite and forget what it has

    一、覆蓋先前接收的訊息,也就是遺忘掉前段訊息

  • to make space for new information.

    這樣才能騰出空間讓大腦記住新資訊

  • Or it can use mental effort

    或是我們可以花些心力

  • to move a chunk from the working memory

    把一段有意義的訊息從工作記憶

  • into the long-term memory

    移到長期記憶區裡

  • where it can be stored and remembered later.

    長期記憶區會在稍後幫助我們儲存、記住訊息

  • This is why its almost impossible

    這也是為何人類幾乎不可能

  • to recall 9 digits like 081127882.

    直接記住九個數字,像是剛剛舉的例子 081127882

  • There is simply not enough space.

    原因是腦袋裡無法騰出空間容納它們

  • Once chunked, there is.

    不過,一但運用分段理解技巧,我們就化不可能為可能了

  • There are several ways to chunk.

    分段理解技巧提供一些記憶法

  • You can break a larger piece into smaller bits,

    可以把一大段訊息切成數小段訊息

  • identify patterns or group pieces to see the larger picture.

    找出訊息之間的規律,或把這些訊息分組,歸納到一個大分類中

  • Once a chunk is created,

    運用分段理解技巧後

  • you can use deliberate practice

    你可以再透過刻意練習

  • to move it into your long-term memory

    把這些處理過後的資訊搬進長期記憶區裡

  • where it connects with exercising experiences.

    在長期記憶區中,經驗會幫助鞏固這些資訊之間的連結

  • Now it can be stored for years

    所以自然而然就成為知識,也記得牢記得久了

  • and if regularly used,

    假如定期運用這些知識的話

  • accessed without much mental effort

    從回想到做出反應也就完全不費吹灰之力了

  • To make this transfer more effective

    為了要讓資訊更有效變成長期記憶

  • it helps to add context

    就必須靠增加一些幫助資訊產生故事和意義的小訊息

  • which acts like memory super glue.

    這些小訊息就像記憶強力膠

  • Great instructors always try to give you the big picture

    擅長教學的老師總是希望先給學生基本背景

  • before going into detail.

    再探討細節內容

  • If you study by yourself,

    假如你在家自己讀書

  • you can skim through your textbook first

    你可以一開始先快速掃過教科書內容

  • by reading chapter headlines.

    讀一下各章大標題

  • Learning facts without understanding the big picture

    只學習到瑣碎知識,而沒有連結成一幅完整的畫面

  • is pretty useless,

    對學習實在是不太有幫助

  • as we will forget what we have learned very fast.

    因為我們很快就會忘記了

  • Professional piano teachers first show their students the entire song

    專業的鋼琴老師一開始會先完整彈一遍曲子給學生聽

  • so they understand the mood.

    如此一來,學生就可以大概了解樂曲曲風

  • Then they ask their students to practice one measure at the time.

    接下來老師會要求學生只練特定的段落技巧

  • Once the part has been learned and

    直到該段落精熟後

  • the neural connections in the brain has been built,

    大腦的神經網絡也建立趨於完備

  • then students go to the next measure.

    學生才繼續練習下個技巧

  • After all chunks can be played separately,

    當所有的意義單位都練習到熟練

  • they are combined until the entire piece is connected.

    接著才會把各段落拼起來,變成一首完整的曲子

  • Now the student can play the piece with less mental effort.

    現在要學生彈一首曲子,顯得輕鬆多了

  • Chunking also helps to understand complex topics,

    分段理解也幫助我們了解複雜的主題

  • say trade between China and India.

    像是中印貿易

  • First study China: the people,

    一開始先研讀中國,了解中國人民

  • the culture and the economy.

    中國文化與經濟

  • Then summarize and put what you learned

    接著統整並組織所學

  • in your own simple language.

    自己試著解釋這些觀念給自己聽

  • Repeat the process for India.

    用同樣的模式再研讀印度

  • Then study trade itself:

    接著再開始讀貿易

  • the mechanics,

    貿易的運作模式

  • benefits and problems.

    貿易的好處與困境

  • Again, simplify to form an underlying idea.

    同樣,用簡單的話解釋這些看似複雜的觀念給自己聽

  • At the end,

    最後

  • you might just have summarized several books onto one napkin.

    你或許就能把好幾本書的內容,只用一張餐巾紙就統整出精華了

  • Try chunking next time you feel the limits

    下次當你覺得快超出記憶極限的時候

  • of your working memory.

    就試著運用看看分段理解技巧

  • Just like how clever restaurants chunks their menus into starters,

    如同餐廳也把餐點分成前菜

  • mains, desserts, with 3-4 options each.

    主菜、點心,各提供客人三到四個選擇

  • With chunking it's easy to compare our options

    運用分段理解技巧,我們可以更輕鬆比較自己的選擇

  • and make a decision.

    再做出最終決定

  • If you like our videos and want to support our channel,

    假如你喜歡我們的影片,想要贊助我們的話

  • visit us at patreon.com/sprouts

    請到我們的網站 patreon.com/sprouts

  • and see if you want to donate just 1 dollar.

    認同我們理念的話,也可以贊助,不求多,只要一塊美金就好

  • With your support we plan to create many more minute-videos

    相信有你的支持,我們可以產出更多短片

  • about learning and education.

    來讓人們更了解學習和教育喔!

081127882 is a hard number to remember.

081127882 是串不太好記的數字

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