If you chunk the number into 081 127 882 its easier.

但假如你把這串數字切開來看，081 127 882三組，就好記多了

Cutting large bits of information into smaller pieces

把一大段訊息分割成數小段

helps us to understand.

可以幫助我們理解

If we put small pieces back together,

假如我們再把數小段資訊拼回來

we can see the big picture and that helps us to remember.

我們可以看得更全面，而這也有助於記憶

The process is called Chunking.

以上過程我們稱為「分段理解」技巧

This is how it works.

讓我們一起來看看究竟是怎麼一回事吧！

Our short-term memory is fast but tiny.

短期記憶沒有辦法讓我們記得多記得久

According to learning expert Dr. Oakley

學習專家 Oakley 博士表示

it can hold only 4 chunks of information at once.

我們一次只能記住四個意義單位的資訊

So when new inputs arrive it has two ways to pick them up.

所以，在新資訊進腦海的時候，我們有兩種方式來吸收

First, it can overwrite and forget what it has

一、覆蓋先前接收的訊息，也就是遺忘掉前段訊息

to make space for new information.

這樣才能騰出空間讓大腦記住新資訊

Or it can use mental effort

或是我們可以花些心力

to move a chunk from the working memory

把一段有意義的訊息從工作記憶

into the long-term memory

移到長期記憶區裡

where it can be stored and remembered later.

長期記憶區會在稍後幫助我們儲存、記住訊息

This is why its almost impossible

這也是為何人類幾乎不可能

to recall 9 digits like 081127882.

直接記住九個數字，像是剛剛舉的例子 081127882

There is simply not enough space.

原因是腦袋裡無法騰出空間容納它們

Once chunked, there is.

不過，一但運用分段理解技巧，我們就化不可能為可能了

There are several ways to chunk.

分段理解技巧提供一些記憶法

You can break a larger piece into smaller bits,

可以把一大段訊息切成數小段訊息

identify patterns or group pieces to see the larger picture.

找出訊息之間的規律，或把這些訊息分組，歸納到一個大分類中

Once a chunk is created,

運用分段理解技巧後

you can use deliberate practice

你可以再透過刻意練習

to move it into your long-term memory

把這些處理過後的資訊搬進長期記憶區裡

where it connects with exercising experiences.

在長期記憶區中，經驗會幫助鞏固這些資訊之間的連結

Now it can be stored for years

所以自然而然就成為知識，也記得牢記得久了

and if regularly used,

假如定期運用這些知識的話

accessed without much mental effort

從回想到做出反應也就完全不費吹灰之力了

To make this transfer more effective

為了要讓資訊更有效變成長期記憶

it helps to add context

就必須靠增加一些幫助資訊產生故事和意義的小訊息

which acts like memory super glue.

這些小訊息就像記憶強力膠

Great instructors always try to give you the big picture

擅長教學的老師總是希望先給學生基本背景

before going into detail.

再探討細節內容

If you study by yourself,

假如你在家自己讀書

you can skim through your textbook first

你可以一開始先快速掃過教科書內容

by reading chapter headlines.

讀一下各章大標題

Learning facts without understanding the big picture

只學習到瑣碎知識，而沒有連結成一幅完整的畫面

is pretty useless,

對學習實在是不太有幫助

as we will forget what we have learned very fast.

因為我們很快就會忘記了

Professional piano teachers first show their students the entire song

專業的鋼琴老師一開始會先完整彈一遍曲子給學生聽

so they understand the mood.

如此一來，學生就可以大概了解樂曲曲風

Then they ask their students to practice one measure at the time.

接下來老師會要求學生只練特定的段落技巧

Once the part has been learned and

直到該段落精熟後

the neural connections in the brain has been built,

大腦的神經網絡也建立趨於完備

then students go to the next measure.

學生才繼續練習下個技巧

After all chunks can be played separately,

當所有的意義單位都練習到熟練

they are combined until the entire piece is connected.

接著才會把各段落拼起來，變成一首完整的曲子

Now the student can play the piece with less mental effort.

現在要學生彈一首曲子，顯得輕鬆多了

Chunking also helps to understand complex topics,

分段理解也幫助我們了解複雜的主題

say trade between China and India.

像是中印貿易

First study China: the people,

一開始先研讀中國，了解中國人民

the culture and the economy.

中國文化與經濟

Then summarize and put what you learned

接著統整並組織所學

in your own simple language.

自己試著解釋這些觀念給自己聽

Repeat the process for India.

用同樣的模式再研讀印度

Then study trade itself:

接著再開始讀貿易

the mechanics,

貿易的運作模式

benefits and problems.

貿易的好處與困境

Again, simplify to form an underlying idea.

同樣，用簡單的話解釋這些看似複雜的觀念給自己聽

At the end,

最後

you might just have summarized several books onto one napkin.

你或許就能把好幾本書的內容，只用一張餐巾紙就統整出精華了

Try chunking next time you feel the limits

下次當你覺得快超出記憶極限的時候

of your working memory.

就試著運用看看分段理解技巧

Just like how clever restaurants chunks their menus into starters,

如同餐廳也把餐點分成前菜

mains, desserts, with 3-4 options each.

主菜、點心，各提供客人三到四個選擇

With chunking it's easy to compare our options

運用分段理解技巧，我們可以更輕鬆比較自己的選擇

and make a decision.

再做出最終決定

If you like our videos and want to support our channel,

假如你喜歡我們的影片，想要贊助我們的話

visit us at patreon.com/sprouts

請到我們的網站 patreon.com/sprouts

and see if you want to donate just 1 dollar.

認同我們理念的話，也可以贊助，不求多，只要一塊美金就好

With your support we plan to create many more minute-videos

相信有你的支持，我們可以產出更多短片

about learning and education.

來讓人們更了解學習和教育喔！