There seems to be a lot of land(s) that's part of Spain that's on the wrong continent across the Mediterranean Sea in Africa.

位於地中海對面的非洲大陸上，似乎有很多土地屬於西班牙的一部分。

That's not a mistake, and the north coast of Africa is actually dotted with several little exclaves of Spain that are surrounded by Morocco.

這不是誤植喔，非洲的北海岸確實有著被摩洛哥包圍的西班牙的幾個小飛地。

How did this weird situation come to be?

這種奇怪的情況是怎麼來的？

The short answer is that after the Reconquista, when Spain reconquered the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors, the Spanish took it just a little further and invaded Africa and took over a bunch of cities.

簡單來說就是，在西班牙從摩爾人手中奪回伊比利亞半島時的收復失地運動之後，西班牙人更近一步入侵了非洲並接管了一堆城市。

Some of these cities and territories have since been returned to Morocco, but the ones that remain today have for the most part been occupied by Spain for around 500 years,

其中一些城市和領土已經歸還摩洛哥，但至今留下的大部分城市和領土被西班牙佔領了大約 500 年，

a longer time that some cities in mainland Spain like Barcelona, which used to be briefly a part of France.

統治時間比西班牙本島的一些城市，像是曾屬於法國的巴塞羅那還要久。

All of this has caused a lot of problems with Morocco, who continues to claim all of this land today, which for the most part is a bunch of unimportant islands off the coast.

這一切都給摩洛哥帶來了很多問題，而摩洛哥至今仍聲稱擁有這些土地，其中大部分是海岸附近一堆不重要的島嶼。

But three places are actually physically part of the mainland African continent.

但是有三個地方實際上就位在非洲大陸上。

The first of these is located here on the coast, and it's called Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera.

其中第一個位於海岸邊，稱為 Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera。

This big rock here and this smaller rock over here are both a part of Spain, and everything else starting at this point in the sandy beach is Morocco.

這塊大石頭和這塊小石頭都是西班牙的一部分，從這個沙灘開始的其他一切都是摩洛哥。

This photo can get us a better visualization of how strange a situation this really is.

這張照片可以讓我們更好地了解這種情況到底有多奇怪。

The border right here that separates the two countries is only 80 meters wide, which makes it the shortest international border anywhere in the world.

這裡將兩國隔開的邊界只有 80 米寬，是世界上最短的國際邊界。

Moving on past this oddity we arrive at Melilla, a Spanish city located on the African coast that is surrounded by Morocco.

離開這個奇怪的地方，我們到達了梅利利亞，一個位於非洲海岸的西班牙城市，被摩洛哥包圍。

There are 78,000 people that live here, surrounded by a six-meter high border fence built around the entire exclave to separate the land from Morocco.

有 78,000 人住在這裡，周圍環繞著六米高的邊界圍欄，圍繞整個飛地，將其土地與摩洛哥隔開。

Since Melilla is a part of Spain and Spain is a member of the European Union, the city of Melilla is also part of the European Union.

由於梅利利亞是西班牙的一部分，而西班牙是歐盟的成員，所以梅利利亞市也是歐盟的一部分。

Together with the other Spanish city in Africa named Ceuta, these mark the only places where the European Union actually exists on the African continent.

同非洲另一個名為休達的西班牙城市，它們是歐盟在非洲大陸上唯一存在的地方。

The city of Melilla uses Euros as their currency just like any other part of Spain would, and the same can be said of Ceuta, the twin sister of Melilla, also located in Africa just a little further up the coast.

梅利利亞市使用歐元作為他們的貨幣，就像西班牙的任何其他地方一樣，同樣位於非洲海岸稍遠的梅利利亞的孿生姐妹休達也是如此。

In fact, this entire picture doesn't make a lot of sense when you add in the correct borders.

事實上，如果把正確的邊界畫上去，你會發現這張圖非常奇怪。

You have Spain here and Morocco over here, of course, but you also have Spain here, the United Kingdom gets thrown back on this side and you also have Spain again on this island over here.

西班牙在這，摩洛哥在這，但這裡也有西班牙領地，英國在這裡也有領地，而這個島也是西班牙領地。

This part of Spain is named Ceuta and is a little smaller than Melilla with a population of 76,000 people.

西班牙的這一部分領地被命名為休達，比梅利利亞略小，人口為 76,000 人。

The city is also bordered away from Morocco by a six-meter high wall, but unlike Melilla, there is no airport within the city, so the only way to get from this part of Spain to the other parts of Spain is by boat.

這座城市也用六米高的城牆與摩洛哥區分出邊界，但與梅利利亞不同的是，城內沒有機場，因此從休達到西班牙本島的唯一途徑是乘船。

There is one single road that goes through the tall border wall that connects the city to Morocco, so other than that, the city is pretty isolated from everything that's around it,

只有一條路穿過連接這座城市和摩洛哥的高大邊界牆，所以除此之外，這座城市與周圍的一切都非常孤立，

but just a little further up the coast is this awkward island named Isla Perejil.

但離海岸稍遠一點的是這個處境有點尷尬，名為 Isla Perejil 的島嶼。

It's claimed by both Spain and Morocco and is totally uninhabited, but 12 Moroccan soldiers invaded the island back in 2002 and planted a Moroccan flag.

西班牙和摩洛哥都聲稱該島無人居住，但早在 2002 年就有 12 名摩洛哥士兵入侵該島並插上了摩洛哥國旗。

This sparked an international crisis that saw the Arab League backing morocco while NATO and the European Union backed up Spain.

這事件引發了一場國際危機，當時阿拉伯聯盟支持摩洛哥，而北約和歐盟支持西班牙。

Several warships actually surrounded the island and the Spanish launched a counter-assault with some commandos and arrested the 12 Moroccan soldiers.

若干艘軍艦包圍了該島，西班牙人與一些突擊隊發起了反擊，逮捕了 12 名摩洛哥士兵。

This all happened in the name of this rock which has since been declared a no-man zone by both sides and nobody is allowed on it for the foreseeable future.

這一切都是因這塊岩石發生的，此後雙方都將其宣佈為無人區，在近期的未來，任何人都不得進入。

Moving across the sea to Europe is this other awkward situation named Gibraltar, which is actually part of the United Kingdom.

跨海到歐洲這邊有另一個尷尬的情況，這裡名為直布羅陀，它其實是屬於英國的。

It's been like that ever since 1704, when an Anglo-Dutch invasion force captured the Peninsula as part of the War of the Spanish Succession,

自 1704 年以來，直布羅陀一直是屬於英國的，當時英荷入侵部隊在西班牙王位繼承戰爭中佔領了半島，

and Spain formally ceded it to Britain later in 1713 when the peace treaty was signed that ended that war.

1713 年下旬，西班牙正式將其割讓給英國，當時簽署了結束那場戰爭的和平條約。

Spain has continued to claim it pretty much ever since,

從那以後，西班牙一直聲稱擁有它的主權，

and that may get even more awkward in the future, now that the United Kingdom has voted to leave the European Union, which also means that Gibraltar would leave the European Union.

而這情況在未來可能會變得更加尷尬，因為如今英國已經投票決議脫離歐盟，這也意味著直布羅陀將脫歐。

This will create a land border between the EU and the United Kingdom in mainland Europe, and probably severely limit the ability of people to move back and forth from Gibraltar compared with today.

這將在歐洲大陸建立歐盟和英國之間的陸地邊界，與今天相比，可能會很大程度限制人們從直布羅陀來來去去。

For a final strange situation, we just need to move a little further north to the border with France, specifically on this river which divides the two countries.

最後一個奇怪的情況要向北移動一點到與法國的邊界，特別是在這條分隔兩國的河流上。

In the middle of this river is Pheasant Island, which depending on what time of year it is could belong to either Spain or France, and nobody is allowed to visit.

在這條河的中間是費桑島，它的主權在一年中的不同時間分別屬於西班牙及法國，而且任何人都不允許上島參觀。

The island is a part of Spain for six months every year and a part of France for the other six months complete with a ceremony that formerly transfers the sovereignty of the island between the two countries.

該島每年有六個月的時間是屬於西班牙的，另外六個月是屬於法國的，並且會進行在兩國之間轉讓該島主權的儀式。

This odd situation all began back in 1659, where the island was the site of the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees, which finally ended the Thirty Years' War.

這種奇怪的情況始於 1659 年，該島是簽署庇里牛斯條的地點，該條約最終結束了三十年戰爭。

At the time, the island was considered neutral ground since it was in the middle of the river that divided the two countries,

當時，該島被認為是中立地，因為它位於分隔兩國的河流中間，

and ever since the treaty was signed there in 1659, the ceremonies have been happening every six months that alternate ownership of the island.

而自從該條約於 1659 年在那裡簽署以來，每六個月就會舉行一次儀式，交接擁有該島的所有權。

That means that since 1659, the island has changed hands between Spain and France over 700 times and is still counting.

這表示自 1659 年以來，該島已在西班牙和法國之間轉手超過 700 次，並且這數字仍在持續統計中。

Another consequence of this treaty in 1659 was this situation a little further north into France, where you can find a tiny chunk of Spain that is completely surrounded by France.

1659 年該條約的造成的另一個結果是，在法國北部稍遠一點，可以找到被法國完全包圍的一小塊西班牙飛地。

This place today is called Llívia, but the treaty in 1659 ceded all of this territory from Spain to France, but because Llívia was considered an important city at the time, it was allowed to remain a part of Spain.

現今這個地方被稱為利維亞，1659 年的條約將這片土地從西班牙手中全部割讓給法國，但由於當時利維亞被認為是一個重要的城市，所以它被允許保留為西班牙的一部分。

The situation hasn't really changed much ever since then, and Llívia is separated from the rest of Spain by this 1.6-kilometer-long French corridor.

這樣的情況從那時起沒有太大的改變，利維亞與西班牙其他地區被這條 1.6 公里長的法國走廊隔開。

There are a lot of other really strange borders out there in the world, but that's for another time.

世界上還有很多其他非常奇怪的邊界，但要等到下次再說了。

If you enjoy the video that you just watched then I hope that you'll subscribe to my channel by clicking here.

如果你喜歡剛剛觀看的影片，那麼我希望你能訂閱我的頻道。

You can visit my Patreon by clicking here and get cool rewards like voting on future video topics, and you can check out some older videos of mine by clicking over here.

你可以點這裡到我的 Patreon 並獲得很酷的獎勵，像是投票未來的影片主題，你可以點這裡查看我比較舊的影片。

Thank you so much for watching and we'll see you next time.

非常感謝收看，我們下期再見。