the rational system and the emotional system.

理性的系統，以及情感的系統。

Jonathan Haidt, who's a psychologist at NYU, came up with a great analogy for these two systems.

紐約大學的心理學家喬納森．海伊特為這兩種系統想出一個很棒的比擬。

He said, " Think of your brain as a human rider atop an elephant."

他說：「把你的大腦想成有一位在大象上的騎士。」

The rider represents the rational system.

騎士代表理性的系統。

That's the part of us that plans and problem-solves.

那是我們用來計畫及解決問題的部分。

The rider might do some analyzing and decide, "Hey, I want to go that way."

騎士可能會做些分析然後決定：「啊，我想去那邊。」

But it's the elephant representing the emotional system that provides the power for the journey.

但旅行的動力是由代表情感系統的大象來提供。

The rider can try to lead the elephant, or drag the elephant.

騎士可以試著引導大象，或拖著大象前進，

But if these two ever disagree, who would you bet on?

但如果騎士與大象意見相左時，你覺得會是誰獲勝呢？

The elephant has a six-ton weight advantage,

大象的優勢是重達六噸的體重，

and it's exactly that power imbalance that makes adopting new behaviors very hard.

而正是力量的不平衡，讓養成新行為變得非常困難。

If you want this duo to head a new direction, you also need to think about the path, which represents the external environment.

如果你想讓這對搭檔前往新方向，你也須思考路徑，這代表了外在的環境。

This duo is more likely to complete a journey if you can shorten the distance and remove any obstacles in their way.

如果你可以縮短路程，移除路上所有的障礙物，這對搭檔比較有可能完成這趟旅程。

So, bottom line, if you want to lead change, you 've got to do three things.

所以，最重要的是，如果你想領導變革，有三件事你必須要做。

Give direction to the rider — knowledge of how to get to the destination.

給騎士方向──如何到達終點的知識。

You've got to motivate the elephant, which means tapping into emotion.

你必須激勵大象，這表示要昇華情感的層面。

And finally, you need to shape the path to allow for easy progress.

最後，你必須形塑出路徑，讓過程變得更容易。

That's how change happens.

改變就是這麼發生的。