we're going to learn how to make the R consonant sound.

This is truly one of the hardest sounds in American English.

Before I go into how to make it, I want to talk about how not to make it.

In many languages, the R is made by bouncing the front part of the tongue against the roof of the mouth.

Rr-- rr--

In American English, this sound is the T or D between vowels.

But it's quite different from the American R.

Rrrr--- You can't hold out rra-- rra--

But you should be able to hold out the American R.

This consonant is voiced.

There are two ways to make this sound.

In the first way, the front part of the tongue pulls back and up, like this.

The tongue can be stretched so it's long and skinny.

Or it can be pulled into itself so it's fatter and thicker.

And that's what we want here.

We're making the tongue fatter and thicker so it's not as long.

The back doesn't move. This is happening in front

The middle part of the tongue lifts up towards the roof of the mouth.

You can touch the sides of the tongue

to the sides of the roof of the mouth here

or to the inside or bottom of the side teeth here.

The front part of the tongue is hanging in the middle of the mouth

not touching anything.

This sound is forward and focused because of the position of the lips.

The corners come in, pushing the lips away from the face.

This lip position will be a little more relaxed

when the R comes at the end of the syllable.

We'll compare this way on the left,

with the other way to make an R on the right.

The R can also be made by flipping the tongue tip up.

The lips flare the same way.

Some native speakers make the R one way, and some, the other.

Native speakers get the correct sound no matter the mouth position.

But I found that non-native speakers often drop the jaw

too much in this second method.

And it makes the sound hollow. RR--

The jaw doesn't need to drop very much for this sound. Rr--

So keep these in mind as you work on one of these two methods.

Here's the R sound on its own, not part of a word.

You can see the lips flare.

Think of creating a little space on the inside of your lips and your teeth.

Notice how little jaw drop there is.

We don't need to drop the jaw to pull the tongue back and up.

The word 'rest'.

When the R is at the beginning of a word,

we tend to make the lips a tight circle.

Again, little jaw drop as the middle of the tongue lifts to the roof of the mouth.

The word 'proud'.

When R is in a beginning consonant cluster,

the lips may not be as tight as in the beginning R.

The word 'mother', at the end of the syllable,

the lip position for the R is definitely more relaxed than the beginning R.

But the lips still flare.

Here, we compare the lip position of the beginning R in 'rest' above,

to the ending R in 'mother' below.

The ending R lip position is much more relaxed.

Thinking about the lip position will help you make a better R sound.

As you work on this consonant, practice very slowly.

Thinking about all 3 things at once.

Very little jaw drop, the tongue position, and the lip position.

Remember, you can hold out this sound.

So that's how you want to practice it.

Rrrrr--

Hold it out for 5 or 10 seconds.

Hold it out as long as you can.

When you practice it in a word, do the same.

Rest

Proud

Mother

The R sound

Rest

Proud

Mother

Example words. Repeat with me.

Read. Rr-- Read.

Great. Rr-- Great.

Try. Rr-- Try.

Later. Rr-- Later.

Right. Rr-- Right.

Other. Rr-- Other.

This video is one of 36 in a new series, The Sounds of American English.

Videos in this set will be released here on YouTube twice a month,

first and third Thursdays, in 2016 and 2017.

But the whole set can be all yours right now.

The real value of these videos is watching them as a set, as a whole,

to give your mind the time to take it all in and get the bigger picture.

Most of the materials you'll find elsewhere just teach the sounds on their own in isolation.

It's a mistake to learn them this way.

We learn the sounds to speak words and sentences, not just sounds.

Move closer to fluency in spoken English. Buy the video set today!

Visit rachelsenglish.com/sounds

Available as a DVD or digital download.