who thinks of writing anything by hand anymore?

誰還會想用手寫東西？

I know it feels archaic to pick up a pencil made of wood and use, ugh, lead, but writing down your

我知道拿起一支木製的筆然後用呃... 筆芯... 會讓人覺得過時，但抄寫筆記

notes could help you pass your classes.

可以幫你通過許多課程

Note-taking is very difficult.

寫筆記很難

You have to listen, understand, and transcribe concepts all at the same time.

你必須同時聽、了解並抄寫概念

As technology integrates more and more into our classrooms, computers, for some, have become the new notebooks.

當愈來愈多的科技融入課堂，電腦對某些人來說已成為新型的筆記本

So we're not writing things down as much, we're not summarizing, we've completely changed how we encode information.

不是盡量將東西寫下來或總結概念，我們已完全改變將訊息進行編碼的行為

Somewhere down the line the emphasis for perfect cursive faded, and kids were taught to type;

大概在未來，寫出完美草寫字體的重視將會消失，孩子們將被教導如何打字；

as fast, and as accurately as they could.

盡可能地打得愈快愈正確愈好

A lot of college students now note-take on laptops.

許多大學生現在會用筆記型電腦做筆記

However, typing leads to copying a lecture verbatim, and one study found that when students

然而，打字會變成將授課內容逐字複寫下來，有一個研究發現，

do that they perform worse on tests involving conceptual thinking.

當學生用打字方式做筆記，他們在概念性思考的考試上表現較差

So, to understand the best way to take notes, you kinda have to get what note-taking is all about in the brain.

所以，要了解做筆記的最佳方式，首先要了解抄筆記的行為在腦內是如何運作的

There are two ways researchers think note-taking affects your learning: “the encoding hypothesis”

研究人員認為抄筆記能影響學習的兩種方式是：「編碼假設」

and the “external storage hypothesis.”

及「外部儲存假設」

Encoding is when, during the note-taking process, you listen and understand what's

編碼指的是當你在抄筆記的過程，你會聆聽並了解

being said, then write it down in the time allotted before the speaker moves on to a new topic.

講者提到的東西，接著在講者提到下個主題的時間內寫筆記

It's tough.

這很困難

External storage is your brain storing information outside of itself, so it can retrieve it later.

外部儲存指的是你的腦袋在外部儲存資訊，以便於之後回憶

Ok, ok, I know we all thought typing verbatim could help us study better.

好、好，我知道我們都覺得逐字打字可以讓我們更容易學習

It's better “external storage” than my really slow scribble handwriting,

「外部儲存 」(註：電腦的儲存功能) 遠比我慢慢地亂寫好，

Right?

對吧？

You may not be paying super close attention DURING the lecture, but you can review

你可能不會在課堂上非常專心地聽課，但你可以

it later and it's word for word and that's great? Right?

之後複習而且是逐字地複習，這很棒，對吧？

Sort of.

某種程度上來說沒錯

When you're writing out notes, although you're writing fewer words than when your typing verbatim,

當你寫下筆記，儘管你寫下的字比逐一打字下來的少

your brain is actively summarizing the lecture material.

你的腦袋其實正主動地將課程資料總結起來

You're encoding messages onto paper.

你正在將訊息編寫到紙上

Then when you re-read the handwritten material, that's called“enhanced encoding,” means you're

接著當你重讀手寫的資料時，這個行為就叫「編碼加強」，指的是你

both encoding and storing the knowledge externally.

同時在外部編寫及儲存知識

This is considered a “superior” method for concepts.

這對理解概念來說常被視為一個「高超」的方法

Why?

為什麼？

We don't really know.

我們無法真正曉得

What we do know is, reviewing typed notes within 24 hours does helps you retain information.

但我們可以知道的是，在 24 小時內複習打字筆記能讓你記住訊息

Because 19th-century memory theories from Hermann Ebbinghaus showed, over time, if we

因為 19 世紀赫爾曼．艾賓浩斯指出的記憶理論顯示，隨著時間推移，如果我們

don't make an effort to RETAIN information, we LOSE the data on an exponential basis;

不努力記住資訊，我們就會以指數般忘記所有資料

this is called Ebbinghaus' Forgetting Curve.

這就叫做「艾賓浩斯記憶遺忘曲線」

Unless you constantly review material, your ability to remember new material will

除非你不斷複習那些資料，你學習新資料的能力

continue to decline over time.

會隨著時間推移而降低

It's like a muscle, to learn requires practice!

就像肌肉，學習就是要練習！

In the end, physical handwriting works well for concepts because your brain is forced

最後，手寫對理解概念來說非常適合因為你的腦袋被迫

to summarize your lesson before you jot it down.

在草草記下筆記之前將課程做一個總結

However, laptop note-taking for straight factual information does have equal retention according to this study.

然而，根據這個研究，透過筆電做筆記打下直白的事實訊息同樣有助於理解概念

So it's sort of up to you, to know what you need to remember in what class and when, and THEN

所以要選擇何種方式做筆記其實決定權在你自己，了解自己在課堂上何時要記得何事，接著

to go back and actually read it to secure that information.

回去並實際讀過以確保了解這個資訊

The thing is, handwriting isn't GONE.

重點是，手寫不會消失

Now technology has gotten good enough that tablets have handwriting recognition, and

如今科技已經進步到平板電腦都能認得手寫字了，

styluses that work with them… so maybe we'll see a resurgence of writing!

還能搭配著觸控筆一起使用... 所以說不定我們能看到寫字風潮再次復甦！

Maybe…

或許...

Or maybe we'll see voice recording take over everything…

或者說不定我們能看到語音記錄佔據所有事物...

More research is going to be needed to figure out what's better for future students.

什麼方式對未來學生的學習較好仍需透過更多研究來找出

What do you think?

你覺得呢？

If you liked this video don't forget to subscribe and why is learning hard anyway?!

如果你喜歡這支影片不要忘了訂閱，還有，為什麼學習如此困難？

Crystal explains it in this video here. Having the internet at your fingertips at a laptop,

Crystal 在這支影片有做解釋。指尖放在筆電上上網，

that's also a distraction, but did you know that you're not only distracting yourself,

同樣會讓人分心，但你知道你不只會讓自己分心

but everyone around you is taking a peek and getting distracted too! It's evolutionary theory.

周遭的人也會偷看你然後被你影響！這是演化論

Stay focused you guys and thanks for watching Seeker!

保持專心然後感謝收看 Seeker！