our needs were tended to. It helped to make us the more or less sane people we are now.

For others among us, things went really rather badly wrong. Perhaps there was unreliability,

anger, humiliation, violence or worse.

If there was, we're liable to have been deeply marked. We may, even if it all happened

quite a number of years ago now, keep noticing new ways in which the past is getting in the

way of a good life in the present. Our inadequate parenting experiences undermine our ability

to have sound relationships, the right sort of confidence and to extend adequate nurture

to ourselves.

We would like, of course, to move on. There is something unbalanced and deeply cruel in

the idea of the first 12 years determining the next 50.

We cannot change the past, but it does remain open to us to correct at least some of its

repercussions.

We may learn to do this through a neglected and yet deeply powerful process we call re-parenting.

How our parents behaved will have laid down a template in our minds about how we should

respond to challenges. But we don't need to remain forever stuck with the kind of care

which we imbibed in the early years.

We by nature have an ability to parent ourselves. What this means is, an ability to

- comfort ourselves at moments of difficulty - to interpret the troubles that beset us

with imagination and kindness - to encourage ourselves in the face of anxiety

and loss - and to reassure the more fragile, agitated

parts of us by drawing upon our experience and our serene aspects

All this is what good parents do for their children, but if this did not happen to us,

we can still - in adulthood - step in and do it for ourselves. One part of the mind

can speak to the other, one part can act as the sane, resilient counterweight to the bruised

more immature side of the self.

We don't need to be limited in our spirit by those who were meant to care for us, we

can figuratively put an arm around our own shoulder.

Our experience of the shortfalls of our own parents offer us an expertise that is wasted

if it stays stuck at the level of criticism. It should become the template for a far more

useful project: the creation of an inner ideal parent, who acts in all the ways in which

the real thing should have done, but didn't quite.

Knowing so much about what we did not have enables us to be experts at what we need - and

should believe we can provide for ourselves.

We already have the perfect inner parent; it's simply in many ways the opposite of

the one we had.

Though childhood is a one off event in material time, in psychological time, it is endlessly

recurring. The eight year old us is still there - and we can talk to it and respond

to it in a way that allows it to mature and strengthen in the way it always should.

We should make use of a much underestimated capacity of reparenting ourselves.

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