We post, we share, we like,

我們貼文，我們分享，我們按讃

we follow, we unfollow, we subscribe.

我們追蹤，我們解除追蹤，我們訂閱

But how is social media affecting us?

但社群媒體是如何在影響我們？

A small study of 20 college students found

一項 20 名大學生的小型研究發現

a correlation between students who demonstrated higher levels of Facebook addiction

對於臉書上癮程度較高的學生

in activity of the amygdala striatal system while they interacted with Facebook signals.

在和臉書訊息互動時，杏仁核紋狀體系統會有活躍反應

This activation was the same scene in those with substance addiction.

這個活躍反應就和那些物質上癮的情況一樣

In a 2016 UCLA study, teens were split into two groups.

在加州大學洛杉磯分校於 2016 年的一項研究中，青少年被分為兩組

One were shown a photo with a high number of likes,

一組看的照片有較多的讃數

and the other group was shown the same photo but with fewer likes.

另一組看的照片一樣，但是讃數較少

Those who viewed the photo with more likes,

那些看讃數較多的照片的人

were more likely to like the photo themselves than the group who saw the photo with fewer likes.

相較於那些看讃數較少的照片的人，較有可能喜歡那張照片

Again, it was the same picture.

重申一次，照片是同一張

This experiment found activity in multiple parts of the brain when teens saw photos they took receive a lot of likes.

當青少年看到他們拍的照片獲得較多讃數時，這項實驗發現他們腦中的多區塊活躍

In particular, this study found significant activity in part of the brain's reward circuitry

這項研究尤其在腦中報償迴路的區塊發現了顯著的活躍

known as the nucleus accumbens.

該區塊亦稱為伏隔核

Dopamine is released in the brain after positive social stimuli,

多巴胺在正面的社交刺激後於大腦中釋放

such as likes and positive comments on social media.

像是社群媒體上的讃數以及正面評論

That photo she just posted, she got a bunch of likes,

那張她剛剛發佈的影片，為她得來了許多的讃數

releasing dopamine into her brain

釋放了多巴胺進她大腦

and causing a feeling of satisfaction.

並且帶來一種滿足感

(loud applause)

(大聲鼓掌)

(loud upbeat music)

(大聲的正向音樂)

Psychologist B.F. Skinner found that

心理學家 B.F. Skinner 發現

mice would respond to certain stimuli they knew resulted in a reward more often when the reward came at variable times.

當給獎勵的時機不固定時，老鼠更常會對可能帶來獎勵的刺激有反應

This theory can also be applied to social media,

這項理論同樣可以套用到社群媒體

and the times we check it looking for a reward in terms of a like, comment, or message.

還有我們查看社群網站、尋找如讃數、留言和訊息等等獎勵的次數

We habitually check our accounts,

我們習慣性查看我們的帳號

but we are not always rewarded.

但我們並不是總能得到獎賞

Maybe this photo didn't get the amount of likes you wanted.

或許這張照片得到的讃數不如你預期

So you will try again and again and again,

所以你會一二再、再而三地嘗試

looking for that reward.

尋求獎勵

But wait, something else.

不過等等，不止如此

Have you ever felt your phone vibrate when it really didn't?

你是否曾經誤以為手機在震動？

According to Robert Rosenberger of the Georgia Institute of Technology,

根據來自喬治亞科技機構的 Robert Rosenberger

we've become so connected to our phones that they've sort of become part of our bodies.

我們和手機聯結太過緊密，手機已經變得像是我們身體的一部分

Any time something stimulates and triggers sensation in any area where you keep your phone,

每當某件事刺激到或是觸發到你放置手機的區域的感官

you might believe it's your phone.

你就會以為那是你的手機在震

This is called phantom vibration syndrome.

這稱為幻覺震動症候群

Studies show that nearly 90% of people report experiencing these phantom vibrations.

研究顯示，有將近 90% 的人表示經歷過這類的幻覺震動

(machine hums)

(機器嗡嗡聲)

(playful instrumental music)

(俏皮的樂聲)