Name: 【TED-Ed】吸菸如何影響你的身體？快快戒菸啊！ (How do cigarettes affect the body? - Krishna Sudhir)
Uploaded: 2018-10-21T21:01:40.000Z
Duration: 5 min 21 s

That's hardly news--we've known  about the dangers of smoking for decades.

這幾乎不是新聞了 -- 我們已經知道抽菸的危害有幾十年了

但是抽菸究竟會如何傷害我們？

Let's look at what happens  as their ingredients

and how we benefit physically  when we finally give up smoking.

還有當我們戒菸時，身體又會得到哪些益處

smoke brings its more than 5,000  chemical substances

煙都會伴隨五千種以上的化學物質

From the start, tar,  a black, resinous material,

最一開始，焦油，一種樹脂製的黑色物質

damaging tooth enamel,  and eventually causing decay.

Over time, smoke also damages nerve-endings in the nose,

隨著時間拉長，煙也會損毀鼻腔內的神經末梢

smoke increases  the likelihood of infections,

as well as chronic diseases like bronchitis and emphysema.

以及像是支氣管炎和肺氣腫這類慢性疾病

tiny hairlike structures whose job it is  to keep the airways clean.

這些長得像頭髮的微小組織負責保持氣管的乾淨

tiny air sacs that enable the exchange  of oxygen and carbon dioxide

這些小小的氣囊讓肺部和血液間得以傳遞

A toxic gas called carbon monoxide  crosses that membrane into the blood,

一種稱為一氧化碳的有毒物質會透過這些薄膜進到血液中

it would usually have transported around the body.

它原先應該是載運氧氣循環身體

That's one of the reasons smoking  can lead to oxygen deprivation

這也是為什麼抽煙可以導致缺氧

the bloodstream carries a stimulant  called nicotine to the brain,

血液將一種稱為尼古丁的興奮劑帶到腦部

triggering the release of dopamine  and other neurotransmitters

觸發了多巴胺的釋放，以及其他種神經傳遞介質

that create the pleasurable sensations  which make smoking highly addictive.

那會帶來愉悅感，使得抽煙非常容易上癮

Nicotine and other chemicals  from the cigarette

香菸中的尼古丁和其他化學物質

simultaneously cause constriction  of blood vessels

and damage their delicate  endothelial lining,

These vascular effects lead  to thickening of blood vessel walls

這些血管效果會導致血管壁厚化

increasing the likelihood  that clots will form

Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes  can trigger dangerous mutations

香煙中的多種化學物質都可以引起身體 DNA 中的危險變異

in the body's DNA that make cancers form.

Additionally, ingredients like arsenic  and nickel

thus compromising the body's ability  to fight many cancers.

因此使得身體擊敗癌症的能力大打折扣

In fact, about one of every three  cancer deaths in the United States

事實上，在美國每三起癌症死亡病例中，就有一例是

Smoking can cause cancer  in multiple tissues and organs,

抽菸可以導致多種組織和器官的癌症

It makes it harder  for women to get pregnant.

And in men, it can cause erectile dysfunction.

而對於男性，它會導致勃起障礙

with almost immediate  and long-lasting physical benefits.

那會帶來幾乎是立即就有的長期生理益處

Just 20 minutes after  a smoker's final cigarette,

就在一個吸菸者戒菸二十分鐘後

their heart rate and blood pressure begin to return to normal.

他的心率和血壓就會開始回歸正常

After 12 hours,  carbon monoxide levels stabilize,

十二小時後，一氧化碳的濃度平衡

increasing the blood's  oxygen-carrying capacity.

heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates normalize.

隨著血壓和心率達到正常值，心臟病風險也開始降低

the nerve endings responsible  for smell and taste start to recover.

負責嗅覺的味覺的神經末梢開始恢復

Lungs become healthier  after about one month,

with less coughing  and shortness of breath.

The delicate hair-like cilia  in the airways and lungs

and are restored after 9 months,  improving resistance to infection.

九個月後會完全修復，提升抵禦傳染病的免疫力

heart disease risk plummets to half as blood vessel function improves.

因為血管機能提升，心臟疾病風險大幅降低一半

the chance of a clot forming dramatically declines,

and the risk of stroke  continues to reduce.

After ten years, the chances  of developing fatal lung cancer

probably because the body's ability  to repair DNA is once again restored.

這可能是因為身體修復 DNA 的能力回歸了

Fifteen years in, the likelihood  of developing coronary heart disease

十五年後，發生冠狀心臟疾病的風險

is essentially the same  as that of a non-smoker.

There's no point pretending  this is all easy to achieve.

Quitting can lead to anxiety  and depression,

But fortunately,  such effects are usually temporary.

但幸運的是，這些情況通常都是暫時的

And quitting is getting easier, thanks to a growing arsenal of tools.

而且多虧於越來越多種的器具，戒菸變得比較容易

Nicotine replacement therapy through gum,

They work by stimulating  nicotine receptors in the brain

他們的運作機制是激發腦中的尼古丁受器

without the addition  of other harmful chemicals.

而且不需要添加其他的有害物質

since quitting puts you and your body  on the path back to health.

因為戒菸能夠將你和你的身體導回健康的道路

字幕列表影片播放

【TED-Ed】吸菸如何影響你的身體？快快戒菸啊！ (How do cigarettes affect the body? - Krishna Sudhir)

cognitive

chronic

deprivation

pretend