Name: 地球上最大的生物體 (The Biggest Organism on Earth)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:40:58.000Z
Duration: 2 min 51 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。

Blue whales [Balaenoptera musculus] are the biggest animals ever to exist on earth. They

關係子句

can weigh upwards of 150 tons, which is more than the largest dinosaurs! But the blue whale

That title goes to.... well, it depends on what you mean by "biggest"!

The tallest may be a redwood tree [Sequoia sempervirens] nicknamed "Hyperion" in California.

At a towering 115M, this giant is taller than the statue of liberty [at 93M...show it's

The most extensive organism is a very old "humongous fungus" that covers a whopping

2,385 acres in a national forest in Oregon. At the base of the trees, bunches of "honey

mushrooms" [Armillaria solidipes] appear... they are the "fruiting bodies" produced by

the fungus, which otherwise lives out of sight - imagine if apple trees [Malus domestica]

grew underground and only the apples were visible to us! That's basically what the fungus

does, except that it spreads its "mycelia" not just through the soil but also through

the roots and bark of trees in the forest, attacking them and stealing their nutrients

However, if we're talking about the good old heaviest organism ever found, that prize goes

to a giant panda [Ailuropoda melanoleuca] living high on a Utah plateau.

Just kidding... It goes to a single quaking aspen [Populus tremuloides] named "Pando"

that weighs over 6,000 tonnes - as much as forty blue whales.

If you go to Fishlake National Forest, though, you won't see a giant tree trunk - you'll

just see a forest of regular-sized trees. But, thanks to genetic testing, we've learned

that this stand of aspen covering 106 acres of land is actually a single clonal organism

that grew from a lone seed long ago. That single tree was able to spread so much because

its roots send up shoots that grow into what look like individual trees.

Since all 47,000 "trees" are part of the same organism, the forest behaves somewhat unusually,

for example, the entire forest transitions simultaneously from winter to spring and uses

its vast network of roots to distribute water and nutrients from trees with plenty to trees

Speaking of water... if you include water when weighing these giant organisms, then

the humongous fungus might actually weigh more than Pando. But foresters, at least,

care only about the mass actually produced during growth: the dry mass. And since fungi

Either way, it's likely that some of the belowground connections, whether roots or mycelia have

become severed over time, meaning these giants are probably made up of smaller, but still

ginormous and genetically identical, patches.

And finally, because of the extensive testing required to confirm "biggest anything" claims,

the fungus and aspen can only profess to be the largest living organisms ever found - there

may be even bigger monsters lurking right under our feet, just waiting to be discovered!