things that people believe

那些人們相信

there simply is no academic research for.

但實際上沒有科學根據的

When it comes to brainstorming,

說到集體的腦力激盪

right now around the world companies will all

現在世界各地

be getting together to kick around some ideas

公司都會集合大家集思廣益

and generate some new thoughts.

想一些新點子

A terrible, terrible idea.

一個糟糕透頂的點子

If you look at the research on brainstorming,

如果你看看有關集體研討的研究就會知道

it decreases the number of ideas and the originality

它會減少想法的數量以及想法的原創性

of those ideas by around about 20%.

降低幅度約有 20%

Why? Because when we all get together,

為什麼呢？因為當我們聚在一起時

the most dominant people take charge of the meeting,

最有權威的人會掌控整場會議

and who knew they're not the most creative people

而誰又知道他們是不是世界上

in the world?

最有創意的人？

A very, very simple change which is that you ask people

一個非常簡單的改變，那就是你讓人們

to brainstorm on their own to come up

各自自行腦力激盪

with three innovative solutions before they get together,

想出三個創新的方案，然後再集合起來

and then when you get together you go around the group

當大家集合時，你去巡視群內

and everyone talks about their solutions no matter how crazy

每個人講自己的方案，不論那有多瘋狂

actually increases innovation and creativity.

這其實可以提升創新性和創造力

Again, a very, very simple change.

重述一次，這是一個非常簡單的改變

A very easy change, but a very powerful one.

非常簡單，但卻強而有力

When it comes to meetings,

當開會時

often we all like to sit around and we all like,

我們通常會坐著然後

quite frankly, to waste a great deal of time.

說實在的，我們就像是在浪費大量時間

If you stand up in a meeting, a standing meeting,

如果你在會議中站起來，一個站著開的會

it doesn't reduce productivity.

那並不會降低生產力

What it does do is massively reduce the time of the meeting.

它反倒可以大量減少會議時間

People want to be out of that room quickly,

人們會想盡快離開

so they're just as productive in a much, much shorter time.

所以他們照樣會有生產力，不過會議時間會短上許多

Also, if you think that a colleague

還有，要是你覺得一個同事

or maybe a client is not being entirely straight with you,

或者或許是一個客戶，對你講話不夠誠懇

what's the best thing to do

要試著找出

to try and find out if they're being economical

他們究竟是不是在說實話，最好的辦法

with the truth?

是什麼？

Well, if you look at the amount

如果你去看看人們

of lying across different types of communication,

在不同種類的溝通方式下的說謊總數

you see people lie a lot face-to-face,

你會發現最常見的是面對面說謊

a bit less on the phone, a little bit in texting,

在電話中說謊比較少，簡訊說謊會有一些

but absolutely not in emails.

但絕對不會在信件中說謊

Only around about 10% of emails carry a lie,

只有大約 10% 的信件會含有一個謊言

because people don't want to commit themselves to print.

因為人們不想在白紙黑字的情況下做壞事

And so If you think someone isn't being entirely straight with you,

如果你覺得某人對你說話有所隱瞞

just say, "Oh, can you email me about that?"

那就說，噢，你可以寄信向我解釋嗎？

and instantly you'll find out whether

你立馬就會發現

or not they're being economical with the truth.

他們究竟說的是不是實話

At the moment,

當前此刻

we're trying to cut down on sleep as much as possible.

我們盡可能減少睡眠

There's an epidemic of sleeplessness

缺乏睡眠成了一種流行病

and sleep is absolutely vital.

然而睡眠是絕對必要的

It underpins productivity, it underpins focus,

它意味著生產力，意味著專注

it underpins creativity.

意味著創造力

What's happening right at the moment

現今的情況是

is we're taking our smartphones to bed,

我們會帶著智慧型手機到床上

often putting them on our bedside table

通常會把它們放在床邊桌

and treating them as alarm clocks,

把它們當成鬧鐘

and then, of course, in the middle of the night,

然後，當然地，就在半夜

you wake up, I think I'll just check social media

你醒來了，我想我就看一下社群媒體

or whatever it is and you get this blast of light,

或是看一下那個什麼的，然後你就會接收到一陣光束

which actually contains blue light,

其中其實含有藍光

which is very disruptive to the production of melatonin,

那會破壞褪黑素的生成

which is essential for sleep.

那也正是睡眠所必須的

And then it really messes up the rest of the night.

這真的搞砸了剩餘夜晚的睡眠

So, value sleep.

重視睡眠

If there's any way of incorporating a 20-minute nap

如果有辦法在中午來個 20 分鐘的打盹

into the middle of the day, really good for productivity.

對於生產力真的會有幫助

Businesses should be doing that.

企業應該這樣做

Value sleep.

重視睡眠