Name: 【TED】瑪麗·婁·吉普森: 如何利用光來觀察我們的身體與腦部。 (How we can use light to see deep inside our bodies and brains | Mary Lou Jepsen)
Uploaded: 2018-08-24T16:31:00.000Z
Duration: 16 min 51 s

譯者: 易帆 余 審譯者: Helen Chang

that red light and benign near-infrared light

程度副詞

go right through your hand, just like this.

這個紅光和這個溫和的近紅外光

This fact could enable better, faster and cheaper health care.

這個原理可以實現更好、 更快、更便宜的醫療照顧。

I'm going to show you how we use this key and a couple of other keys

to see deep inside our bodies and brains.

我即將要向各位展示 如何利用這個以及其他的關鍵

來看透我們身體與大腦的深層。

You see this laser pointer and the spot it makes on my hand?

各位看到這支雷射筆 與我手上這個光點嗎？

if we could bring the lights down, please --

But you can no longer see that laser spot.

但各位已經看不到那個雷射點了，

That's because the light spreads out, it scatters.

I need you to understand what scattering is,

我需要各位先了解 甚麼是光的分散現象，

and see deep inside our bodies and brains.

這樣才能讓各位明白如何移除它，

So, I've got a piece of chicken back here.

並看到我們身體與大腦的深層內部。

It's got the same optical properties as human flesh.

So, here's the chicken ... putting it on the light.

雞肉與人肉有相同的光學特性。

Can you see, the light goes right through?

I also implanted a tumor in that chicken.

各位有看到這道光穿越過雞肉了嗎？

Mary Lou Jepsen: So this means, using red light and infrared light,

講者：這意味著 利用紅光和紅外線光，

When I throw another piece of chicken on it,

So we have to do something about the scatter

所以我們要想辦法克服光分散的問題，

A technology I spent the early part of my career on

And it won the Nobel Prize in physics in the 70s,

because of the fantastic things it enables you to do with light.

因為這個神奇的技術， 可以幫你處理光的問題。

It captures all of the light, all of the rays, all of the photons

at all of the positions and all of the angles, simultaneously.

它能捕捉到所有光、雷射、 所有光子的入射位置與角度，

To see what we can do with holography ...

為了理解這個全息圖裝置 可以做些甚麼，

Look at these marbles bouncing off of the barriers,

as an analogy to light being scattered by our bodies.

注意看這些 正在障礙物上彈跳著的彈珠，

As the marbles get to the bottom of the scattering maze,

這就像是光在我們體內散射的現象。

they're chaotic, they're scattering and bouncing everywhere.

當這些彈珠在這迷宮似的 彈珠檯上往下掉時，

If we record a hologram at the bottom inside of the screen,

它們會到處亂跑、散開、彈跳。

we can record the position and angle of each marble exiting the maze.

如果我們在螢幕底部 記錄它們的全息路徑，

And then we can bring in marbles from below

就能記錄到所有彈珠穿越迷宮時 各自的位置與角度。

and have the hologram direct each marble to exactly the right position and angle,

然後我們可以把彈珠從下面帶上來，

such as they emerge in a line at the top of the scatter matrix.

透過全息圖裝置，導引每顆彈珠 以正確的位置與角度回彈，

使它們回到一開始排隊 從散射矩陣掉下來的地方。

This is optically similar to human brain.

這個東西的光學特性 跟我們人類的大腦很像。

because green light is brighter to your eyes than red or infrared,

因為綠光對人類的肉眼而言， 比紅光或紅外線來得更明亮，

So we're going to put a hologram in front of this brain

and make a stream of light come out of it.

我們要在這個類似人腦的物體上， 放上一個全息影像裝置

全息影像裝置放這裡，綠光打進去，

We just made a brain lase of densely scattering tissue.

Seems impossible, no one's done this before,

我們剛做了 高密度散射組織的大腦雷射。

you're the first public audience to ever see this.

看起來很不可思議， 之前沒有人這樣做，

各位是我第一次公開展示的觀眾。

What this means is that we can focus deep into tissue.

也就是說，我們可以看到 組織的深層內部。

Holography enabling de-scattering is the second key

我們的半透明性是第一個關鍵。

to enable us to see deep inside of our bodies and brains.

全息攝影裝置有 反散射的作用是第二關鍵，

如此我們就可以看到身體 與大腦的深層內部。

"Sounds good, but what about skull and bones?

How are you going to see through the brain without seeing through bone?"

「聽起來不錯，但頭顱和骨頭呢？

不看穿骨頭，怎麼能看穿大腦呢？」

But we treat this skull with great respect at our lab and here at TED.

我們很尊重這頭骨， 不管是在實驗室或 TED 演講現場。

So we can go through skull and bones and flesh with just red light.

Gamma rays and X-rays do that, too, but they cause tumors.

所以只要用紅光就可以 穿透我們的頭骨、骨頭、肉體。

伽馬射線和 X 光也可以， 但會造成腫瘤。

So, using that, I'm going to come back here

and show you something more useful than making a brain lase.

用那個裝置，我回來這裡向各位展示

We challenged ourselves to see how fine we could focus through brain tissue.

我們挑戰自己 到底能把腦組織看到多細微。

it was such a fine focus, we put a bare camera die in front of it.

它的聚焦是如此細微， 我們在它前面放了一粒相機裸晶，

字幕列表影片播放

【TED】瑪麗·婁·吉普森: 如何利用光來觀察我們的身體與腦部。 (How we can use light to see deep inside our bodies and brains | Mary Lou Jepsen)

extraordinary

slightly

simultaneously

audience