You know what I mean?

你知道我在講什麼嗎？

Like, you've had one bite and their whole burrito is like gone?

就像是，你才咬了一口，他們已經將整個墨西哥捲餅吃光了？

What are you doing, man?

你在搞什麼，老兄？

Did you even taste it?

你是不是連什麼滋味都不知道？

Turns out, she probably didn't.

結果是，她可能真的不知道。

Hey there, foodies. Trace here for DNews. Thanks for tuning in.

嗨，各位美食家。我是 DNews 的 Trace，謝謝您的收看。

Food is incredible. I love it. I love to eat it, I love to cook it, I love to shop (for) the ingredients!

食物是美妙的東西，我喜歡它，我愛吃它，我喜歡烹飪，我喜歡血拚好料的食材！

There's nothing worse than spending hours shopping, prepping, cooking, and serving, just to have somebody scarf the whole thing in three bites.

沒有什麼比花了好幾個小時採購、準備、烹飪和上菜，結果卻被人在幾秒鐘就將它囫圇吞下肚那種感覺更糟糕的了。

And a new study confirms what I knew in my little foodie heart… people who eat super fast, don't actually taste their food, not really.

一項新的研究證實了我這個老饕心裡所想的... 吃東西速度超快的人，根本不知道食物的滋味或是說不太知道，總之就是這個意思。

The study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences under

這項研究發表在「美國國家科學院會學刊上」

the appetizing title, "Optimal directional volatile transport in retronasal olfaction,"

用了一個有趣的標題，「鼻後嗅覺的最佳定向揮發性傳輸功能」

because science, while great at mise en place, has no sense of presentation. Translating

科學往往讓人不知道在講什麼

the title into layman: they wanted to know how smells got to our nose, from the outside

將標題翻譯成俗話就是：他們想知道，人是如何聞到氣味的，從鼻腔外部

or the INSIDE. And their study found, the latter was actually more important. Our tongue

還是鼻腔內部。他們的研究發現，後者實際上更重要

tastes five (maybe six) flavors, but food can have any number of smells to add to those

我們的舌頭有五種 (可能六種) 味覺，但食物味道的複雜程度遠遠超過了

perceptions!

我們的味覺！

Using a model of the human mouth, throat and nasal cavities, researchers found when we

研究人員利用人類口腔、喉嚨和鼻腔的模型發現

inhale through the nose, we create an "air curtain" which keeps volatile -- or airborne

當我們透過鼻子吸氣時，會造成一個「空氣幕」，使空氣中揮發性或氣味的微粒

-- molecules from going into the lungs. But, when we exhale, food volatiles trapped in

不會進入肺部。但是，當我們呼氣時，被留滯在喉嚨後面的食物揮發物

the back of the throat swirl upward into the nasal cavity, where we sense them with our

會旋轉而上進入鼻腔，在那裡我們用嗅覺系統

olfactory systems!

感知它們！

If you eat fast, the air curtain doesn't form, the volatiles don't have time to get trapped

如果你吃得很快，氣幕就不會形成，揮發物沒有時間被滯留在你的喉嚨後面

in the back of your throat, and thus you don't smell and taste together!

因此你在吃的時候聞不到食物的味道！

There's definitive science for slowing down to savor a meal, for sure.

一定有一門學問可以教我們放慢速度來品嚐一餐，肯定有的

Sometimes, you just want a good scarf, a satisfying guzzling of comforting carbohydrates can make

有時，你只需要一條好的圍兜，就可以滿足的狼吞虎嚥一頓

us feel really good once in a rare while, but making a habit of it is the dangerous.

但這只能偶而為之，養成這種習慣是危險的

This MAY be supported by a 2006 study of nearly 5000 people in the Journal of Epidemiology

流行病學雜誌於 2006 年對近 5000 人做的一項研究，支持這種說法

which found, the rate of food intake heavily correlated with rate of obesity!

該研究發現，食物攝入率與肥胖率密切相關！

And another study in the Journal of American Dietetic Association discovered, when people

「美國飲食協會雜誌」的另一項研究發現，當人們

eat fast, they take in more calories, but feel less satisfaction from their meal!

吃得快時，他們會攝入更多卡路里，但他們卻感覺吃的不過癮！

If you look at how complicated our alimentary canal really is, this makes more than a mouthful

如果你看看我們的消化道有多複雜，你就知道這不僅僅是

of sense.

吃一口的感覺那麼簡單的事

The stomach is a highly connected organ in the human body. It has a direct connection

胃是人體內與其他組織有高度關聯性的器官，它的感知可以沿著

along the vagus nerve right to the brain stem. When you put food in your belly, the stomach

迷走神經直接傳到腦幹，當你把食物吃進肚子時

has mucosa and muscles which detect the mechanical feel and overall volume of food, as well as

胃有粘膜和肌肉，可以偵測到實體感和全部食物的體積

how much the stomach compressed or stretched. When it's empty, a hormone called ghrelin

以及胃壓縮或伸展的程度。 當胃是空的時，一種叫做 ghrelin 的激素

is secreted -- called the hunger hormone, to trigger appetite. Once you eat, the stomach

被分泌 - 稱為飢餓激素，以引發食慾。一旦你進食，胃就會

stretches, and ghrelin is suppressed; causing your vagus nerve to signal your brain stem…

伸展，ghrelin 會受到抑制；導致你的迷走神經向你的腦幹發出信號...

and that signal tells the intestinal train to get moving!

這個信號通知腸道開始蠕動！

Obviously, this is SUPER simplified, there are hormones, enzymes and nerves being tripped

當然，這樣描述是過度簡化了，整個過程中有激素，酶和神經被留滯

and squirted all over the tube running through the middle of your body, but like that corn

並隨著血管流向身體各處，就像你昨天

you ate yesterday… let's try to get through this in one piece.

吃的玉米一樣......讓我們試著一次搞懂

Next, food moves into the intestine and another hormone called leptin comes into the picture.

接下來，食物進入腸道，另一種叫瘦體素的激素開始加入

Leptin is one piece of the nutrient satiation puzzle, the idea that what you're eating has

瘦體素是肥胖問題中的一環，簡單的概念就是你吃的東西

fulfilled your body's nutritional requirement. Scientists don't entirely understand the whole

滿足了你身體的營養需求。 科學家並不完全了解整個過程

thing, but they know, as food continues through the system, the ileum, colon and rectum will

但他們知道，隨著食物繼續通過消化系統，迴腸，結腸和直腸

cause secretion of MORE hormones called PYY. A 2006 study found, when mice were deprived

將導致分泌更多的激素，稱為 PYY。在 2006 年的一項 研究發現，當小鼠的 PYY 被拿掉時

of PYY, they wouldn't control their intake, and became obese!

他們無法控制食物攝入量，並且變得肥胖！

So scientists figure, PYY (along with all these other hormones, nerves and triggers)

所以科學家們認為，PYY（連同所有其他激素，神經和觸發器）

eventually work together to tell your brain OKAY Y'ALL. WE'RE GOOD DOWN HERE. STOP EATING.

最終會一起告訴你的大腦，大家注意。 我們飽了。 停止進食

[[whew!!]]

「吁！」

Complicated, no?

複雜嗎，不會？

It's important to be cognizant of the fact, humans are not robots. Many people try and

認識到這一事實很重要，人類不是機器人。許多人試圖

control every aspect of their lives, including eating to take in calories, but being mindful

控制他們生活的各方面，包括卡路里的攝取，但要注意

of WHAT you're eating, is just as important as HOW you're eating. When we eat like a machine,

你吃的東西，和你如何吃是同樣重要。當我們吃東西像機器一樣囫圇吞時

our body doesn't have time to suppress or secrete these myriad of compounds, or trigger

我們的身體沒有時間抑製或分泌這些無數的化合物或

these processes. It takes time for this sack of meat to know when it's got food in it!

觸發消化過程。腸胃需要時間知道什麼時候有食物！

So, science says it's best to eat slowly. You'll taste your food better, you'll decrease

因此，科學告訴你最好慢慢吃。 你更能品嚐你的食物，你會減少

your portion sizes, and feel better about what you've eaten!

食物攝取量，並且你更能享受吃的東西感覺！

You might even lose weight!

甚至可以減肥！

Don't eat TOO slow… if you eat so slow that you stop eating altogether you'd eventually

不要吃太慢...如果你吃得慢到停止進食，你最終會死

die. Eventually… ever curious about what would happen in between?

最後...你會不會在吃得太快與太慢之間要如呵拿捏感到疑惑？

So was I!

我也是！

How long could we survive without food or water?

沒有食物或水，我們能活多久？

Don't worry, we DNewsed it.

別耽心，我們替你解密

Do you eat fast?

你吃的速度很快嗎？

Why?

為什麼？

Don't tell me you're punching your brother or sister for a seat at the table. Think about

別告訴我你和你的兄弟姐妹正在餐桌前搶位子

it for a second and answer with something introspective, why do you think eat at the

花一秒鐘想想這個問題，省思後再回答，你為什麼

speed you eat?

用這種速度吃東西？