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  • Just like Lady Liberty or the Stars and Stripe, a mouthful of perfect pearly whites screams

    就像自由女神和星星條紋,一口珍珠白的牙齒

  • USA.

    也代表著美國人

  • In fact, Americans spend more than $111bn on their smiles every year

    事實上,美國人每年花費超過一千億整治微笑

  • and it's inspiring the rest of the world to dig deep into their pockets too.

    這也讓世界上其他人也想掏錢做一樣的事

  • Here's how America got such pretty teeth.

    以下是美國人擁有漂亮牙齒的原因

  • The sound of the dentist's drill is enough to keep plenty away but the global industry

    牙醫電鑽的聲音常讓許多人退避三舍,但全球

  • for cosmetic dentistry is growing fast.

    牙齒美容產業正快速發展

  • Straightening and reshaping are increasingly popular and whitening products are now easily

    矯正與重新塑型逐漸受到歡迎,美白產品

  • available off the shelf.

    也很容易買得到

  • Worth nearly $16bn in 2015, the cosmetic dentistry market is expected to hit nearly $28bn by

    2015 年市值 160 億的牙醫美容市場預計在 2024 年

  • 2024.

    達到 280 億

  • And while cosmetic dentistry is big all around the world, it's most famous in America,

    牙醫美容在全球廣受歡迎,又以美國最為出名

  • where it all began.

    是一切的起源之地

  • Specifically, Hollywood.

    特別是在好萊塢

  • Or, Hollywoodland as it was known back then.

    或是以前常知的好萊塢莊園

  • In the 1930s American cinema was booming. After the silent era when sound was introduced

    1930 年代,在有聲電影誕生後,美國電影產業興起

  • which meant stars suddenly had to bare their teeth.

    這也代表影星要開始注重牙齒外觀

  • This would have a dramatic effect on the industry and an even bigger impact on dentistry.

    這對電影產業有了戲劇性的作用,更大大影響牙醫界

  • One moviegoer was a dentist and his name was Charles Pincus.

    有位愛看電影的牙醫,叫做 Charles Pincus

  • Pincus had recently moved to Hollywood and he sensed an opportunity in the movies.

    他搬到好萊塢後,看見了電影中的商機

  • "The camera is cruel in its relentless exposure of the smallest flaw in the mouth.

    相機殘酷的點在於,它不間斷地暴露了牙齒裡的小缺點

  • A tooth turned even slightly out of line casts a shadow", wrote Pincus in an essay to fellow

    「一顆稍微突出的牙都能造成陰影」這是 Pincus 在寫給

  • dentists.

    同業的論文中提到

  • Pincus had connections in the industry - the Max Factor family, who were already revolutionizing

    Pincus 和電影圈有些關係連接,也就是 Max Factor 家族,他們改革了電影的化妝方式,這時

  • makeup for the movies - needed his help in the studio.

    他們需要 Pincus 的協助

  • For actors of that generation makeup wasn't always enough.

    靠化妝對當年的演員不一定是夠的

  • The notion of oral hygiene was barely in its infancy.

    口腔衛生的概念當時還未發展齊全

  • Pincus invented snap on caps to cover crooked or missing teeth.

    他發明固定的牙片以遮住歪牙或缺牙

  • Made out of powdered plastic and porcelain they became known as hollywood veneers.

    用粉狀塑膠和陶瓷製成,也就是有名的「瓷牙貼片」

  • Among his patients he counted Joan Crawford and James Dean.

    在他眾多病患中,他特別指出有 Joan Crawford 和 James Dean

  • One of his greatest achievements though was probably the youngest of them all.

    但他的最佳代表作應該是裡面最年輕的

  • "She's been a leading lady from the start"

    「她從小就是主角」

  • Despite featuring in hits since she was just six years old, audiences would never see

    Shirley Temple 從六歲就開始在電影中演出

  • Shirley Temple lose a single baby tooth.

    觀眾卻沒看過她掉過一顆乳牙

  • That was thanks to Pincus's veneers.

    這都要感謝 Pincus 的瓷牙貼片

  • Afterall, stopping filming for a missing tooth would cost tens of thousands of dollars.

    畢竟,為了一兩顆缺牙而停止拍攝,可能會損失慘重

  • Moviegoers were wowed by the perfect smiles of their favorite stars.

    電影觀眾會為喜愛影星的完美笑容所傾倒

  • Having good teeth became an aspiration.

    擁有一口好牙成了一種目標

  • But despite that developing into a near national obsession with perfect teeth, Americans don't

    儘管對完美牙齒的追求已經成為一種國民運動,美國人的牙齒

  • actually have the healthiest teeth.

    其實並不是最健康的

  • Nearly 1 in 5, older than 65, doesn't have any teeth at all. And that might be because

    超過 65 歲,每五個人就有一個人沒有任何牙齒。這有可能與

  • of access to healthcare.

    健保資源的取得有關

  • Of those who didn't visit the dentist last year 59% claimed cost as the top reason.

    59 % 去年沒有看牙醫的人說,費用是主要的考量

  • When countries are ranked by how few fillings or missing teeth they have - the US doesn't

    就牙齒填充物、缺牙排名,美國並沒有

  • make the top ten.

    在名單的前十名

  • In joint first it's actually the British, despite what everyone thinks.

    綜合排名的第一名其實是英國,雖然大家可能沒想到

  • "Since you've been frozen, there have

    既然你被冷落了

  • been fabulous advances in the field of dentistry - What do you mean?"

    你知道牙醫界有很棒的進展嗎?- 你說什麼?

  • While Americans might not have the very healthiest of teeth, having the best looking might be

    雖然美國人沒有最健康的牙齒,但是擁有最好看的外觀

  • just as important. Americans spend more each year on beauty than

    一樣重要,美國人每年花在美容的消費比

  • they do on education.

    花在教育的還要高

  • But it's not pure vanity, it's an investment.

    但這非純粹虛榮,這是一種投資

  • Attractive people tend to earn more, appear more healthy and are more likely to marry.

    有吸引力的人通常賺更多,吸引更多健康的人,也比較有可能論及婚嫁

  • Making teeth good for our health in a different way.

    牙齒用不同方式增加身體的健康

Just like Lady Liberty or the Stars and Stripe, a mouthful of perfect pearly whites screams

就像自由女神和星星條紋,一口珍珠白的牙齒

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