Name: 克隆狗背後的科學 (The Science Behind Dog Cloning)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:49:06.000Z
Duration: 7 min 19 s

This googly eyed five month old pug is named Ma Moan.

這隻五個月大的哈巴狗名叫 Ma Moan，炯炯有神。

And for now she's living amongst dozens of other newborn puppies, but these aren't your standard run of the mill puppies.

現在，它和其他幾十只剛出生的小狗生活在一起，但這些小狗可不是一般的普通小狗。

They don't know it but Ma Moan and each of her puppy companions are clones for 16 years.

他們不知道，Ma Moan 和她的每個小狗夥伴都是 16 年的克隆人。

Mr Fukuda was the proud owner of another pug named Mako.

福田先生非常自豪地擁有另一隻名叫 Mako 的哈巴狗。

The two were inseparable when Momoka recently died, Mr Fukuda wanted to bring her back.

兩人形影不離，最近 Momoka 去世了，福田先生想把她帶回來。

So we turned to a company called Sua to recreate her.

於是，我們找到一家名為 Sua 的公司來重塑她。

Currently, we've cloned more than 600 dogs of various different breeds and there are no particular limitations to the different breeds.

目前，我們已經克隆了 600 多隻不同品種的狗，對不同品種的狗沒有特別的限制。

Suan claims it can clone any dog no matter the age size or breed.

Suan 聲稱它可以克隆任何狗，無論其年齡大小或品種如何。

We recently visited South Korea to see for ourselves first for you to even consider getting your dog cloned.

我們最近訪問了韓國，親眼目睹了克隆狗的全過程。

Also, the dog you wanna clone has to be either alive or dead for fewer than five days.

此外，你想克隆的狗必須活著或死了不到五天。

If you want to clone your dead dog, you have to first wrap its entire body with wet towels and then keep it cool by placing it in the refrigerator, you can't freeze it.

如果你想克隆你死去的狗，你必須先用溼毛巾包裹它的整個身體，然後把它放在冰箱裡保持涼爽，你不能冷凍它。

All of this may seem a bit odd but sum needs live skin cells in order to clone your dog, this process prevents the skin on your dead dog from drying out or freezing.

所有這一切可能看起來有點奇怪，但蘇姆需要活的皮膚細胞來克隆你的狗，這個過程可以防止你死去的狗身上的皮膚變幹或凍結。

And it gives Suan the highest chance of finding preserved skin cells.

這樣，蘇安就有最大的機會找到保存下來的皮膚細胞。

Next, you need to take your dog to the vet and get a biopsy sample.

接下來，您需要帶狗狗去看獸醫，取活檢樣本。

使用一種叫做活檢打孔器的工具。

Your veterinarian will cut out an eight millimeter wide sample of flesh from the abdominal area of the dog.

獸醫會從狗的腹部切下八毫米寬的肉樣。

If your dog is alive, just one sample is enough.

如果您的狗還活著，只需採集一份樣本即可。

But if your dog is dead, you'll need to provide sum with as many samples as possible to increase the chances of finding live skin cells.

但是，如果您的狗已經死亡，您就需要向 sum 提供儘可能多的樣本，以增加找到活皮膚細胞的機會。

You then pack the sample with ice packs in a styrofoam box to keep it chilled and expedite it to su um which you can do so using normal shipping services like fedex.

然後，用發泡膠盒裝上冰袋，使樣品保持冰爽，並用聯邦快遞等普通運輸服務將樣品加急運到蘇姆。

And once the sample has passed through Korean customs, which can take an additional 2 to 3 days.

一旦樣品通過韓國海關，可能還需要 2 到 3 天的時間。

So um can finally get to work on cloning your dog first.

所以，嗯終於可以先克隆你的狗了。

The sample is sterilized and cut into smaller pieces.

Then it's treated with a reagent and chemically dissociated, meaning the cells are separated from the tissue.

然後用一種試劑對其進行處理和化學解離，這意味著細胞從組織中分離出來。

The sample is then placed in a centrifuge which allows the scientists to collect the cells and transfer them into a growth medium 1 to 2 weeks later.

然後將樣本放入離心機中，這樣科學家就能收集細胞，並在 1 到 2 周後將其轉移到生長培養基中。

So, um has the cells necessary for the cloning process.

是以，嗯擁有克隆過程所需的細胞。

Su um then goes to a laboratory animal provider where they rent two dogs, an egg donor and a surrogate mother.

Su um 隨後去了一家實驗動物提供商，在那裡租了兩隻狗、一個卵子捐獻者和一個代孕母親。

Doctors take the dog into an operating room where they sedate her, place her on the operating table, slice her open, pull out her ovaries and collect her eggs.

醫生把狗帶進手術室，給它注射鎮靜劑，把它放在手術檯上，切開它的身體，掏出它的卵巢，收集它的卵子。

We have six from left over and six from right over.

我們有六個來自左側，六個來自右側。

Once the eggs are collected, a scientist places them under a microscope and uses a pipette to extract the nucleus.

收集到卵子後，科學家將其放在顯微鏡下，用移液管提取細胞核。

If you see the shiny part, this is where the genetic material is.

如果你看到閃亮的部分，這就是遺傳物質所在的地方。

As you can see, we can verify that all the genetic material has been taken out and by removing the DNA sum is creating genetically empty eggs, meaning the breed of the egg donor dog won't matter since none of its DNA will be passed on to the cloned puppy.

正如您所看到的，我們可以證實所有的遺傳物質都已被取出，通過移除 DNA 和，我們可以製造出基因空白的卵子，這意味著捐卵狗的品種並不重要，因為它的 DNA 不會遺傳給克隆小狗。

A swam scientist injects the cells taken from the biopsy sample of the original dog into the empty eggs.

游泳科學家將從原犬活檢樣本中提取的細胞注入空卵中。

Under normal circumstances, sperm is a necessary component for reproduction.

在正常情況下，精子是生殖的必要組成部分。

But in this cloning process, sperm is replaced by two things.

但在克隆過程中，精子被兩種東西取代。

The cell from the original dog and a series of short electrical shocks from a machine called the electro cell manipulator.

從原來的狗身上取出細胞，然後用一臺名為 "電細胞操縱器 "的機器進行一系列短時電擊。

The electrical currents from this machine activate and fuse together the membranes of the egg and cell creating a fertilized embryo.

這臺機器產生的電流會激活卵子和細胞膜，並將它們融合在一起，形成受精胚胎。

After just one minute sum has a whole batch of cloned dog embryos to work with next.

僅過了一分鐘，蘇姆就有了一大批克隆狗胚胎可供下一步使用。

So, um moves on to the second rental dog.

於是，嗯又轉到第二隻租來的狗身上。

The surrogate mother back in the operating room, the doctors sedate the surrogate place her on the operating table, slice her open, pull out her ovaries and uterus and inject up to 15 cloned embryos into her uterus.

代孕母親回到手術室，醫生給代孕母親注射鎮靜劑，把她放在手術檯上，切開她的身體，掏出她的卵巢和子宮，然後把多達 15 個克隆胚胎注射到她的子宮裡。

30 days later, Suwa is able to verify the surrogate's pregnancy, which they say has about a 40% success rate.

30 天后，諏訪能夠證實代孕者懷孕了，據說成功率約為 40%。

If the procedure fails, they'll examine what went wrong and repeat the process using a different surrogate mother.

如果手術失敗，他們會檢查哪裡出了問題，然後換一個代孕媽媽重複手術。

When a successful pregnancy is confirmed, it takes another 30 days for the surrogate mother to give birth during this time.

當確認成功懷孕後，代孕母親還需要 30 天才能在此期間分娩。

Suan will closely monitor the surrogate and check on the condition of her fetus when the cloned puppy is finally born, Su um will take care of the clone until the customer is able to bring their new pet home.

當克隆小狗最終出生時，蘇安會密切監視代孕者，並檢查胎兒的狀況，蘇嗯會一直照顧克隆小狗，直到客戶能把新寵物帶回家。

The facilities at Su um can house up to 50 dogs at a time.

Su um 的設施可同時容納 50 只狗。

Customers can either make the trip to Seoul to pick up their cloned pup or arrange to have a sum employee deliver their new pet directly to them.

客戶既可以前往首爾領取克隆小狗，也可以安排和員工直接將新寵物送到客戶手中。

They'll have to wait through a quarantine period though which varies from country to country.

不過，他們必須等待檢疫期，而檢疫期因國家而異。

Now, with the high cost of the procedure and invasive surgeries performed on the rental dogs, it's easy to see why dog cloning is controversial before Mr Fukuda.

現在，由於克隆狗的成本很高，而且還要對租來的狗進行侵入性手術，是以不難理解為什麼克隆狗在福田先生面前備受爭議。

There is no hesitation in his decision to bring back his dog.

他毫不猶豫地決定帶回他的狗。

Of course, while the cloned puppy might look exactly like the original dog, its personality will be shaped by the environment it's raised in.

當然，雖然克隆小狗的外形可能與原來的小狗一模一樣，但它的性格將由它的成長環境決定。

In other words, a cloned puppy might not behave like the original dog.

換句話說，克隆小狗的行為可能與原狗不同。

In any case, there is now an alternative to life without your beloved dog.

無論如何，沒有愛犬的生活現在有了另一種選擇。

 Just not a cheap or ethically uncomplicated one. 

只是價格不便宜，也不符合道德標準。