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Visible from space,
從太空就可看見
the Okavango Delta
歐卡萬哥三角洲,
is Africa's largest remaining intact wetland wilderness.
它是非洲剩下最大 且未受損的濕地荒野。
This shining delta in landlocked Botswana is the jewel of the Kalahari,
這塊位在內陸波札那的閃耀三角洲,
more valuable than diamonds through the world's largest diamond producer
是喀拉哈里的珠寶,
and celebrated in 2014
比世界上最大的鑽石製造商 所做的鑽石還有價值,
as our planet's 1000th UNESCO World Heritage Site.
在 2014 年,它有榮幸
Now, what you see here are the two major tributaries,
被聯合國教科文組織列為 地球上的第一千個世界遺產。
the Cuito and the Cubango,
畫面上的是兩條主要的支流,
disappearing up north into the little-known Angolan highlands.
奎托河和古班哥河,
This is the largest undeveloped river basin on the planet,
於北方消失在很少人 知道的安哥拉高地中。
spanning an area larger than California.
這是地球上最大的未開發江河流域,
These vast, undeveloped Angolan watersheds were frozen in time
橫跨的範圍比加州還大。
by 27 years of civil war.
這些廣大、未開發的安哥拉流域,
In fact, Africa's largest tank battle since World War II
被 27 年的內戰凍結。
was fought over a bridge crossing the Okavango's Cuito River.
事實上,二次大戰之後 非洲最大的坦克戰役地點就在
There on the right,
歐卡萬哥三角洲 一座跨越奎托河的橋上。
disappearing off into the unknown,
在右手邊,
into the "Terra do fim do mundo" --
消失在未知當中,
the land at the end of the earth,
消失在「Terra do fim do mundo」中——
as it was known by the first Portuguese explorers.
即:地球末端之地,
In 2001, at the age of 22,
這是最初的葡萄牙探險家 給它起的名字。
I took a job as head of housekeeping at Vundumtiki Camp
2001 年,22 歲時,
in the Okavango Delta ...
我接下了伏杜姆提奇 營地的總務長一職,
a patchwork mosaic of channels, floodplains, lagoons
營地位在歐卡萬哥三角洲……
and thousands upon thousands of islands to explore.
這個地方就像是由水道、 泛濫平原、潟湖拼湊而成,
Home to the largest remaining population of elephants on the planet.
還有數千座島嶼有待探索。
Rhinos are airlifted in C130s to find sanctuary in this wilderness.
地球上所剩的大象, 大多居住在這個地方。
Lion,
犀牛則被用 C130 運輸機 空運來這片荒野尋找保護區。
leopard,
獅子、
hyena,
黑豹、
wild dog,
土狼、
cheetah,
野狗、
ancient baobab trees that stand like cathedrals
印度豹、
under the Milky Way.
古老的猴麵包樹,就像大教堂一樣,
Here, I discovered something obvious:
坐落在銀河之下。
wilderness is our natural habitat, too.
在這裡,我發現了一件很明顯的事:
We need these last wild places to reconnect with who we really are.
荒野也是我們天然的居住地。
We --
我們需要這些最後的野外地區, 來重新連結我們的本質。
all seven billion of us --
我們——
must never forget we are a biological species
所有七十億人類——
forever bound to this particular biological world.
永遠不能忘記我們是一種生物物種,
Like the waves connected to the ocean,
永遠和這個特殊的 生物世界連結在一起。
we cannot exist apart from it --
就像海浪和海洋連結在一起,
a constant flow of atoms and energy between individuals and species
沒有它,我們不可能存在——
around the world in a day
一天中,在全世界, 在個人和物種之間,
and out into the cosmos.
源源不絕的原子與能量流,
Our fates are forever connected to the millions of species
向外流入宇宙。
we rely on directly and indirectly every day.
我們的命運永遠 和數百萬物種連結在一起,
Four years ago,
我們每天直接和間接地 仰賴著這些物種。
it was declared that 50 percent of all wildlife around the world
四年前,
had disappeared in just 40 years.
宣佈的數字是,
This is a mass drowning of 15,000 wildebeests
在僅僅 40 年間全世界 就有 50% 的野生生物消失。
that I witnessed in the Maasai Mara two years ago.
這是 15,000 隻牛羚 集體溺水的景像,
This is definitely our fault.
是兩年前我在馬賽馬拉親眼見到的。
By 2020, global wildlife populations are projected to have fallen
這絕對是我們的錯。
by a staggering two-thirds.
到 2020 年, 全球的野生生物數量
We are the sixth extinction
預測會大大下降三分之二。
because we left no safe space for millions of species
我們是第六次大滅絕,
to sustainably coexist.
因為我們沒有留下任何安全空間
Now, since 2010, I have poled myself eight times across the Okavango Delta
給數百萬物種永續共存。
to conduct detailed scientific surveys
從 2010 年起,我已經進入 歐卡萬哥三角洲各地共八次了,
along a 200-mile, 18-day research transect.
去進行細節的科學調查,
Now, why am I doing this?
那是一項 18 天 橫越 200 英哩的研究。
Why am I risking my life each year?
我為何要這麼做?
I'm doing this because we need this information
我為何每年要冒生命危險?
to benchmark this near-pristine wilderness
我這麼做是因為 我們需要這些資訊,
before upstream development happens.
才能夠在上游被開發前,
These are the Wayeyi river bushmen, the people of the Okavango Delta.
研究這塊幾乎未受污染的荒野。
They have taught me all I know about the Mother Okavango --
這些是瓦葉伊河流叢林地的居民, 歐卡萬哥三角洲人。
about presence in the wild.
我對於歐卡萬哥母親的所知, 都是他們教的——
Our shared pilgrimage across the Okavango Delta each year
關於在荒野的生存。
in our mokoros or dugout canoes --
每年,我們都會旅行 穿過歐卡萬哥三角洲,
remembers millenia living in the wild.
乘坐莫科洛舟或是獨木舟——
Ten thousand years ago,
想起住在荒野的那數千年。
our entire world was wilderness.
一萬年前,
Today, wilderness is all that remains of that world, now gone.
整個世界都是荒野。
Ten thousand years ago, we were as we are today:
現今,那個世界不在了, 野外是它僅存下來的部分。
a modern, dreaming intelligence unlike anything seen before.
一萬年前,我們就像現今一樣:
Living in the wilderness is what taught us to speak,
前所未見的現代化、 會夢想的智慧生物。
to seek technologies like fire and stone, bow and arrow,
因為居住在荒野, 我們才學會說話,
medicine and poison,
學會尋求技術,像是 生火、石頭、弓箭、
to domesticate plants and animals
藥品,和毒物,
and rely on each other and all living things around us.
馴養動物,種植植物,
We are these last wildernesses --
依靠彼此以及我們周圍的所有生物。
every one of us.
我們是最後的荒野——
Over 80 percent of our planet's land surface
我們每一個人。
is now experiencing measurable human impact:
地球陸地表面有超過 80%
habitat destruction
現在正受到重大的人類影響:
and illegal wildlife trade are decimating global wildlife populations.
摧毀棲息地
We urgently need to create safe space for these wild animals.
及非法野生生物貿易 都讓全球的野生生物數量大減。
So in late 2014,
我們非常急需要為這些野生動物 創造出安全的空間。
we launched an ambitious project to do just that:
所以,2014 年後期,
explore and protect.
我們發動了一項計畫, 為的就是這個目的:
By mid-May 2015,
探索和保護。
we had pioneered access through active minefields
到了 2015 年五月中,
to the undocumented source lake of the Cuito River --
我們以先鋒之姿, 穿過了活躍的雷區,
this otherworldly place;
進入到文件沒有記載的 奎托河源頭湖泊——
an ancient, untouched wilderness.
它是個超脫世俗的地方;
By the 21st of May,
古老,維持原樣的荒野。
we had launched the Okavango megatransect ...
五月 21 日,
in seven dugout canoes;
我們開始了歐卡萬哥大橫越——
1,500 miles, 121 days later,
搭乘七艘獨木舟;
all of the poling, paddling and intensive research
經過 121 天,行經 1,500 英哩路,
got us across the entire river basin to Lake Xau in the Kalahari Desert,
所有這些努力、划船、密集研究,
480 kilometers past the Okavango Delta.
讓我們得以穿過整個河流流域, 到達喀拉哈里沙漠的達烏湖,
My entire world became the water:
比歐卡萬哥三角洲 還要再多走 480 公里。
every ripple, eddy, lily pad and current ...
我的整個世界變成了水世界:
any sign of danger,
每一個漣漪、渦流、 睡蓮的漂浮葉、水流……
every sign of life.
任何危險的徵兆,
Now imagine millions of sweat bees choking the air around you,
所有生命的徵兆。
flesh-eating bacteria,
現在,想像一下,數百萬隻蜜蜂 塞滿你周圍的空氣,
the constant threat of a landmine going off
吃肉的細菌,
or an unseen hippo capsizing your mokoro.
隨時有地雷可能爆炸的威脅,
These are the scenes moments after a hippo did just that --
或是看不見的犀牛 會推翻你的莫科洛舟。
thrusting its tusks through the hull of my boat.
這些景象就是犀牛 這麼做了之後的情況——
You can see the two holes --
犀牛角刺穿了我的船身。
puncture wounds in the base of the hull --
你們可以看見兩個洞——
absolutely terrifying
船身底部被打了兩個洞——
and completely my fault.
非常嚇人,
(Laughter)
且完全是我的錯。
Many, many portages,
(笑聲)
tree blockages and capsizes in rocky rapids.
許多許多的搬運,
You're living on rice and beans,
數次被樹木阻擋, 在多岩石的急流中數次翻覆。
bathing in a bucket of cold water
平常維生的食物只有米和豆類,
and paddling a marathon six to eight hours every single day.
洗澡要用一筒冷水來洗,
After 121 days of this,
每天都是划船馬拉松, 要划上六到八小時。
I'd forgotten the PIN numbers to my bank accounts
這樣過了 121 天之後,
and logins for social media --
我已經忘了我的銀行帳戶密碼
a complete systems reboot.
及登入社交媒體的密碼了——
You ask me now if I miss it,
完完全全重新開機。
and I will tell you I am still there.
現在問我是否會懷念它,
Now why do we need to save places we hardly ever go?
我會告訴你,我仍然在那裡。
Why do we need to save places
為什麼我們要去拯救 我們幾乎不可能去的地方?
where you have to risk your life to be there?
要去那些地方還要冒生命危險,
Now, I'm not a religious or particularly spiritual person,
為什麼還要去拯救它們?
but in the wild,
我沒有宗教信仰, 也不是特別有靈性的人,
I believe I've experienced the birthplace of religion.
但在荒野,
Standing in front of an elephant far away from anywhere
我相信我體驗到了宗教的發源地。
is the closest I will ever get to God.
非常近距離站在大象前面,
Moses, Buddha, Muhammad, Jesus,
這是我和上帝最近的距離。
the Hindu teachers, prophets and mystics,
摩西、佛陀、穆罕默德、耶穌、
all went into the wilderness --
印度導師、先知,和神秘主義者,
up into the mountains, into the desert,
都進入到了荒野——
to sit quietly and listen for those secrets
上到了山中,進到了沙漠中,
that were to guide their societies for millennia.
靜靜地坐著,傾聽那些數千年來
I go into the Okavango on my mokoro.
引導著他們社會的秘密。
You must join me one day.
我乘著我的莫科洛舟 進入歐卡萬哥。
Over 50 percent of the remaining wilderness is unprotected.
你一定要找個時間加入我。
A huge opportunity --
剩下的荒野,有超過 50% 都未受到保護。
a chance for us all.
一個很大的機會——
We need to act with great urgency.
給我們所有人的機會。
Since the 2015 megatransect,
我們需要立即行動。
we have explored all major rivers of the Okavango River basin,
從 2015 年的大橫越起,
covering a life-changing 4,000 miles of detailed research transects
我們就探索了歐卡萬哥 河流流域的所有主要河流,
on our dugout canoes
為了詳盡研究所橫越的 4,000 英哩路改變了我的人生, ,
and our fat-tire mountain bikes.
我們靠的是獨頁舟,
We now have 57 top scientists
以及寬胎的越野摩托車。
rediscovering what we call the Okavango-Zambezi water tower --
現在我們有 57 名頂尖科學家,
this vast, post-war wilderness with undocumented source lakes,
在重新發現我們所謂的 歐卡萬哥尚比西河水塔——
unnamed waterfalls in what is Africa's largest remaining Miombo woodland.
它是片廣大、戰後的荒野, 剩下的米揚博林地中最大的部分,
We've now discovered 24 new species to science
非洲剩下的米揚博林地中, 沒有名稱的瀑布。
and hundreds of species not known to be there.
我們現在發現了 24 種新物種,
This year, we start the process, with the Angolan government,
及以前不知道會出現 在那裡的數百種物種,
to establish one of the largest systems of protected areas in the world
今年,我們開始了一個流程, 和安哥拉政府合作,
to preserve the Okavango-Zambezi water tower
為世界保護區域 建立最大的系統之一,
we have been exploring.
來保存我們一直在探索的 歐卡萬哥尚比西河水塔。
Downstream, this represents water security for millions of people
這就表示,在下游數百萬人的 水資源安全能受保障,
and more than half of the elephants remaining on this planet.
還能保護一半以上 地球上所剩的大象。
There is no doubt this is the biggest conservation opportunity in Africa
無疑地,這是數十年來
in decades.
非洲最大的保育機會。
Over the next 10 to 15 years,
在接下來的十到十五年,
we need to make an unprecedented investment
我們得要做一項前所未有的投資,
in the preservation of wilderness around the world.
投資全世界的荒野保育。
To me,
對我來說,
preserving wilderness is far more than simply protecting ecosystems
保育荒野絕對不只是 單單保育生態系統,
that clean the water we drink and create the air we breathe.
清理我們的飲用水, 創造我們呼吸的空氣。
Preserving wilderness protects our basic human right to be wild --
保育荒野是在保護我們的 基本野生人權——
our basic human rights to explore.
去探索的基本人權。
Thank you.
謝謝。
(Applause)
(掌聲)