my life. There were scary parts, foreboding parts … I always knew there was beautiful

我的生活。有可怕的部分，預感 部分......我一直知道有美麗的。

and joy and peace on the other side of it. It was freeing, it was really freeing.

和喜悅和和平 在它的另一邊。 它是自由的，它是真的自由的。

This is Alana. She's describing what she felt after she took a dose of this stuff — psilocybin.

這是Alana她在描述她 感覺後，她把這個東西的劑量 - psilocybin。

It's a naturally occurring psychedelic compound, the kind you find in magic mushrooms.

這是一種天然存在的迷幻化合物。 那種你在魔法蘑菇裡找到的。

But she wasn't tripping in a dorm room or at Woodstock — it actually wasn't recreational

但她不是在寢室裡絆倒，也不是... 在伍德斯托克 - 它實際上並不是娛樂的

at all. If anything became unreal or I was feeling

完全沒有。 如果有什麼事情變得不真實或者我覺得

nervous or not in touch with reality, I would squeeze his hand and he would squeeze mine

緊張或不符合實際情況，我將 握住他的手，他也會握住我的手。

back just to reassure me that I was okay and everything was alright.

回來只是為了讓我放心，我很好，而且。 一切都很好。

It was part of a controlled medical test to see if psychedelics could be useful in helping

這是一個受控醫學測試的一部分，以 看看迷幻藥是否有助於幫助

people quit cigarettes. Alana had been smoking for 37 years before her session with psilocybin,

人戒菸。阿拉娜一直在吸 在她接受psilocybin治療之前，已經37年了。

and she hasn't had a cigarette since.

從此她再也沒有抽過煙。

Research on psychedelics for medical use is preliminary. Most studies suffer from really small

關於醫療用迷幻藥的研究是： 1. 初步的。大多數研究都受到真正的小

sample sizes. That's partly because the federal government lists LSD and psilocybin

的樣本量。部分原因是 聯邦政府將迷幻劑和迷幻藥列入名單。

as Schedule 1 drugs. So researchers face extra red tape, and funding is really hard to come by.

作為附表1藥物。是以，研究人員面臨額外的 繁文縟節，資金真的很難到位。

Vox writer German Lopez reviewed dozens of studies that have been done. He found that

Vox作家German Lopez評測了幾十種。 已做的研究。他發現

psychedelics show promise for treating addiction, OCD, anxiety, and in some cases, depression.

迷幻藥顯示出治療成癮的希望。 強迫症、焦慮症，在某些情況下，還有抑鬱症。

One small study of 15 smokers found that 80 percent were able to abstain from smoking

一項對15名吸菸者的小型研究發現，80 能夠戒菸的百分比

for six months after a psilocybin treatment. In a pilot study of 12 advanced cancer patients

6個月的psilocybin治療後。 在一項對12名晚期癌症患者的試點研究中

suffering from end-of-life anxiety, participants who took psilocybin generally showed lower

患有臨終焦慮症的人，參與人 服用psilocybin的人一般表現出較低的。

scores on a test of depression. And smaller study suggested psilocybin treatment

抑鬱症測試的分數。 而較小的研究表明，psilocybin治療。

could also help people with alcohol dependence cut back on their drinking days.

也可以幫助有酒精依賴的人 減少他們喝酒的日子。

We don't have all the answers as to what exactly these treatments are doing in the

我們沒有所有的答案，至於什麼？ 這些治療方法到底在做什麼？

brain. But they seem to work by providing a meaningful, even mystical experience that

腦。但它們似乎通過提供 一種有意義的，甚至是神祕的體驗

leads to lasting changes in a patient's life.

導致患者生活的持久改變。

The issues that I talked about, or thought about, or went into during my experience

在我的經歷中，我所談的、所想的、所進的問題是什麼？

were transformative in the sense that I got to look at them through a different lens.

在某種意義上說，我可以通過不同的視角來看待它們，是變革性的。

I know this sounds weird, I feel like I have

我知道這聽起來很奇怪，我覺得我有。

more connections in my brain that I couldn't access before

更多的連接在我的大腦中，我不能。 前期

That feeling that Alana is describing is actually pretty spot-on.

阿拉娜所描述的那種感覺其實是 相當到位。

When you take LSD

當你服用LSD時

your brain looks something like this.

你的大腦看起來有些 像這樣。

You can actually see a higher degree of connectivity between various parts of the brain, it's

實際上，你可以看到更高的連接程度 大腦各部分之間，它的。

not limited to the visual cortex.

不限於視覺皮層。

This communication inside the brain helps explain visual hallucinations

大腦內部的這種交流有助於解釋視覺幻覺

— and the researchers argue that it could also explain why psychedelics can help people

- 而研究人員認為，它可以 也解釋了為什麼迷幻藥可以幫助人們。

overcome serious mental issues. They wrote that you can think of psychiatric

克服嚴重的精神問題。 他們寫道，你可以想到精神科的

disorders as the brain being “entrenched in pathology.” Harmful patterns become automated

紊亂，因為大腦被 "根深蒂固"。 在病理學上"。有害模式成為自動

and hard to change, and that's what can make things like anxiety, addiction and depression

和難以改變，這也是能讓。 比如焦慮、成癮和抑鬱症

very hard to treat.

非常難治。

00:03:04,880 --> 00:03:06,240 That's Albert Garcia-Romeu, he's a Johns

00:03:04,880 --> 00:03:06,240 那是阿爾伯特-加西亞-羅梅烏，他是約翰斯的人。

Hopkins researcher who worked on studies of of psilocybin and smoking addiction, like the

霍普金斯大學的研究人員，他曾從事過對 和吸菸成癮的問題，如《聯合國打擊跨國有組織犯罪公約》。

one that Alana's involved with.

阿拉娜的參與。

He says that when participants take psychedelics,

他說，當參與者服用迷幻藥。

One of the big remaining questions here is how long these benefits actually last after just

這裡剩下的一個大問題是 這些好處到底能持續多久，在剛剛

the one-time treatment. A review of research on LSD-assisted psychotherapy

的一次性治療。 關於LSD輔助心理治療的研究回顧

and alcoholism found no statistically significant benefits after 12 months.

和酗酒發現沒有統計學意義 12個月後的福利。

And a recent study on psilocybin and depression found that benefits significantly dropped

而最近一項關於迷幻藥和抑鬱症的研究顯示 發現效益顯著下降

off after three months.

三個月後就會關閉。

And of course are some big risks to using psychedelic drugs.

當然也有一些大的風險，使用 迷幻藥；

It's hard to predict a patient's reaction and some might actually endanger themselves.

很難預測病人的反應。 而有些人可能真的會危及到自己。

Those predisposed to psychotic conditions are especially at risk for having a traumatic

有精神病傾向的人 特別是有創傷性的風險。

experience while on the drug. It's difficult to draw solid conclusions

的經驗，而對藥物。 很難得出可靠的結論

from the existing studies. But there's more than enough promise here

從現有的研究來看。 但這裡有足夠的前景

to merit further research and further funding for that research.

值得進一步研究和進一步資助的問題 為該研究。

As Matthew Johnson of Johns Hopkins said, "These are among the most debilitating and

正如約翰斯-霍普金斯大學的馬修-約翰遜所說。 "這些都是最虛弱的，也是最不安全的。

costly disorders known to humankind.” For some people, no existing treatments help.

人類已知的代價高昂的疾病"。"對於 有些人，現有的治療方法都無濟於事。

But psychedelics might.

但迷幻藥可能。

One thing you might still be wondering is why so much of this research is so new, when we've known

有一件事你可能還在疑惑 為什麼這些研究如此之新，而我們已經知道了

when we've known about psychedelics for thousands of years.

當我們知道關於迷幻藥的幾千年。

Well since these drugs are so old, they can't be patented, which means that pharmaceutical companies

好吧，因為這些藥物太老了，他們不能申請專利，這意味著製藥公司。

don't really have any incentive to fund any research into them.

沒有任何動機去資助對它們的任何研究。

So that really leaves it up to governments and private contributors to fund all these studies.

所以，這就真的要靠政府和私人捐助者來資助所有這些研究了。

And there actually was a lot of research done into these drugs in the 50s and 60s, but there was a big enough

而實際上在五六十年代對這些藥物做了很多研究，但有一個足夠大的。

backlash to the abuse of psychedelics in that period, especially around events like Woodstock,

在那個時期，特別是圍繞著伍德斯托克等事件，對濫用迷幻藥的反彈。

that funding really dried up, and research stopped.

資金真的枯竭了，研究也停止了。

And that's why it's only now that we see this research happening, with private, not government contributions.

這也是為什麼我們現在才看到這種研究的發生，是私人而不是政府的貢獻。