for their fanboy obsessions with comic books, video games, and…

痴迷漫畫 書籍、電子遊戲和...

“Dungeons & Dragons!”

"龍與地下城！"

Often the punchlines aren't really jokes per se. Instead laughs are derived by simply

很多時候，笑點並不是真正的笑話。 本身。相反，笑聲是由簡單的

referencing something that sounds vaguely nerdy.

參考的東西，聽起來隱隱約約的書呆子。

Sheldon: "Did you just shut the TV off in the middle of the classic Deep Space 9, Star Trek

謝爾頓："你剛才是不是把電視關在了。 星際迷航

the Original Series Trouble with Tribbles crossover episode?"

原創系列《小精靈的煩惱 跨界的情節？"

I suspect this is one of reasons why so many people involved in geek subcultures

我懷疑這也是為什麼這麼多的人 眾多宅男宅女

tend to dislike the show so much. It's essentially one long joke at their expense.

傾向於如此不喜歡這個節目。它的 基本上是以他們為代價的一個長篇笑話。

But I'd argue here's something more pernicious going on just under the surface.

但我想說的是，這裡有更惡毒的東西。 在表面之下的事情。

Leonard: "So it's cool if I cry a little?"

倫納德："所以我哭一下也沒關係？"

Penny: "Yeah, I probably wouldn't." Leonard: "Yeah..."

Penny："是啊，我可能不會。" Leonard："是啊......"

Beyond its general mocking of geekdom, the show is relentless in making fun of

除了其對極客領域的普遍嘲諷。 節目不遺餘力地取笑。

its male characters for not living up to traditional expectations of manhood.

其男性角色，因為不符合 對男子漢的傳統期望。

On the surface it might seem like these nerdy nice guys represent a welcome

表面看來，這些 宅男好漢代表歡迎

alternative to the macho archetypes that we've all come to expect from Hollywood.

的大男子主義原型的替代方案。 我們都期待著好萊塢的到來。

But on closer inspection we find that, despite their status as nerdy outsiders,

但仔細觀察，我們發現。 儘管他們的身份是書呆子外人。

these guys are still complicit in many of the most destructive aspects of toxic masculinity.

這些傢伙還在同流合汙。 毒性男子氣概最具破壞性的方面。

Leonard: "Yes, but our society has undergone a paradigm shift. In the information age, Sheldon,

倫納德："是的，但我們的社會已經經歷了。 一個模式的轉變。在信息時代，謝爾頓。

you and I are the alpha males. We shouldn't have to back down.

你和我都是雄性動物我們不應該 不得不退讓。

I'm going to assert my dominance face to face."

我要當面維護我的主導地位。"

In my previous video essay about the Adorkable Misogynist trope I discussed

在我之前的視頻文章中，關於 我討論過的 "可愛的厭惡女人的特例"。

the creepy, entitled and often sexist ways in which these geeky guys treat women.

傲慢、自大和經常的性別歧視 在這些宅男對待女人的。

Howard: "Get it? They're laughing. We're laughing. Then we get them up to about

霍華德。"明白了嗎？他們在笑。我們是 笑了。然後，我們讓他們到約

.15 blood alcohol level, and tell them we're millionaires."

.15的血液酒精含量，並告訴他們 我們是百萬富翁。"

But I think it's also worth examining how they treat each other...

但我認為，這也值得研究一下，如何做到 彼此對待...

Raj: "The first thing we need is a theme. I'm thinking...turn of the century Moulin Rouge."

"首先我們需要一個主題" "The first thing we need is a theme. 我在想... I'm thinking... 我在想... I'm thinking... 世紀之交的紅磨坊" turn of the century Moulin Rouge."

Leonard: "I'm thinking you need a testosterone patch."

倫納德："我覺得你需要一個。 睪丸素貼片。"

...and by extension how the show's writers end up reinforcing a whole bunch of

......以及該劇的編劇們是如何 拔苗助長

regressive ideas about what it means to be a “real man.”

思想倒退 要做一個 "真正的男人"。

Leonard: "Beer, wings, sliders. We can watch the football game. I even painted my stomach."

倫納德："啤酒、雞翅、滑條。我們可以看 足球比賽。我甚至還畫了我的肚子。"

There's a running gag on the show about how Leonard doesn't understand sports or

在節目中，有一個插科打諢，關於 倫納德怎麼不懂體育或

other activities that are stereotypically associated with men.

的其他活動 與男人有關。

Penny: "Go sports?"

篙："去運動？"

Leonard: "Well, in case you were in the mood for baseball, I didn't want to look ridiculous"

倫納德："好吧，萬一你在。 棒球的心情，我不想看起來很可笑"

Leonard: "Go, go, go, YES! Are you people watching this? Is this amazing or what?!"

倫納德："走，走，走，YES!你們是人嗎？ 看這個？這到底是神奇還是什麼？"

Penny: "Sweetie, that's a highlight from the '98 championship game."

竹篙："親愛的，這是一個亮點，從。 98年的冠軍賽。"

Leonard: "Oh. I did not know that."

倫納德："哦，我不知道。"

The joke relies on the assumption that all men are supposed to like sports,

這個笑話是基於這樣的假設：所有的 男人應該是喜歡運動的。

and therefore it's inherently funny and absurd if a guy doesn't.

是以，它本質上是有趣和 荒唐，如果一個人不。

Now sitcoms are, of course, supposed to be funny

現在的情景喜劇，當然，應該是有趣的。

but as with all comedy, it's important to ask: Who are we meant to laugh with?

但就像所有的喜劇一樣，重要的是要 問：我們是要和誰一起笑？

And who are we meant to laugh at?

我們又該嘲笑誰呢？

Howard: "Hey."

霍華德 Howard:"嘿"

Notice the laughter in this scene stems almost entirely from seeing Howard

請注意，這一幕的笑聲源於 幾乎完全來自於看到霍華德

wearing an apron.

穿著圍裙。

Raj: "What's with the gloves?"

拉吉："你戴著手套幹什麼？"

Howard: "They complete my ensemble. What do you want?"

霍華德。"他們完成了我的合奏。什麼？ 你想要什麼？"

The humor relies on the sexist idea that domestic tasks like cooking and cleaning

幽默依靠的是性別歧視思想，即 烹飪和清潔等家務活

are women's work, and therefore, Howard's masculinity is somehow diminished by

是婦女的工作，是以，霍華德的。 男性氣質在某種程度上被削弱了。

being forced to clean the house. This reductive mix of sexism and emasculation

被迫打掃屋子。這 雌雄同體

is really at the heart of the show's comedic formula.

是該劇真正的核心。 喜劇公式。

Sheldon: "When I fail to open this jar, and you succeed, it will establish you as the

謝爾頓："當我沒能打開這個罐子時，而且... 你的成功，將使你成為

alpha male. I'm not strong enough, Leonard, You'll have to do it."

我不夠強壯 Leonard我不夠強壯 Leonard 你必須要做。"

Sheldon: "Go ahead. It's pre-loosened."

Sheldon："去吧。它是預先鬆開的。"

Notice that these jokes aren't designed to challenge or subvert the limiting and

請注意，這些笑話並不是用來 挑戰或顛覆侷限性和

often toxic ideas about what it means to be a "real man."

往往是關於什麼意思的有毒想法 做一個 "真正的男人"。

"Do you want some help with that?" Leonard: "No, no, no."

"你需要幫忙嗎？" 倫納德："不，不，不。"

Instead, the punchlines reinforce this notion that guys who aren't physically strong,

反而是衝鋒號強化了這一概念 那些身體不強壯的傢伙。

tough, or athletic are unmanly.

堅韌，或運動是不男人的。

Leonard: "That's enough cardio for me. I'm gonna stretch out before I hit the weights."

倫納德："對我來說，有氧運動已經夠了。我是... 要去伸展之前，我打的重量。"

And therefore worthy of ridicule.

是以值得嘲笑。

Howard: "Hold on. Pause. Something doesn't make sense."

霍華德。"等一下。暫停一下。有些東西不 有意義。"

In order to move forward in this discussion, we're going to have to get academic just

為了推進這一討論： 我們將不得不得到學術只是。

for a minute, and very quickly define a couple of terms. Those are

分鐘，並非常迅速地定義了一個 幾個術語。這些是

Hegemonic Masculinity and Hypermasculinity.

霸道的男性氣質和超男性氣質。

Hegemonic Masculinity is a term that's used to describe the socially constructed ideal

霸道的男性氣質是一個術語，用於 描繪社會建構的理想

of manhood. It's characterized by things like physical strength, aggression, domination,

的男子氣概。它的特點是： 體力、攻擊性、支配性。

suppression of emotions, and heterosexuality.

情緒的壓抑，以及異性。

The ideal varies somewhat based on factors like geography, but here I'm

根據不同的情況，理想的情況有些不同 地理等因素，但在這裡我是

concerned with white Western manhood as shaped by Hollywood. For obvious examples

關心西方白人男子氣概，因為 由好萊塢塑造的。顯而易見的例子

think of Conan the Barbarian, James Bond, or Captain America.

想到《野蠻人柯南》、《007》。 或美國隊長。

All the guys on the Big Bang Theory are depicted as embodying the exact opposite

《生活大爆炸》裡的人都是 恰恰相反

of that Hegemonic ideal.

該霸權主義理想的。

Howard (gravelly voice): "I'm Batman."

霍華德（礫石音）："我是蝙蝠俠。"

So much so, that simply seeing them dress up as their favorite superhero is

以至於僅僅看到他們的穿著 作為他們最喜歡的超級英雄是

in and of itself a punchine.

本身就是一種衝動。

Howard: "Ow!...I mean [gravelly] Ow."

霍華德 Howard. "嗷！..:"嗷！......我是說......""嗷"

The important thing to understand about this manhood ideal is that it's a fiction.

重要的是要了解 這個男人的理想是，它是一個虛構的。

It only really exists in the cultural imagination. Which means that men can

它只真正存在於文化中 想象力。這意味著，男人可以

never really actually achieve it.

從來沒有真正實現過。

However, it's still a standard against which men are held and compared.

然而，它仍然是一個標準，可以用來衡量 男人們舉行和比較。

The social expectations and pressures on men to try to achieve some version of it is real

社會對男子的期望和壓力 苟且偷生

as is the social status either lost or gained based on a man's perceived proximity to

得失如斯 基於一個男人的感知，接近於

that ideal.

該理想。

The term Hypermasculinity is a little different.

超男性化這個詞有點不同。

It refers to the set of attitudes and behaviors associated with the pursuit of that

它指的是一系列的態度和行為。 與此相關的

Hegemonic ideal.

霸權主義理想。

Hypermasculinity includes things like aggressive competition,

超男性化包括以下內容 積極的競爭。

sexual conquest, and destructive or risk taking behaviors like fighting,

性徵服，以及破壞性或 打架等冒險行為。

reckless driving, or heavy drinking.

魯莽駕駛，或酗酒。

Hypermasculinity is also obsessively anti-feminine.

超大男子主義也是執著的 反女性化。

Now keep that in mind because it's going to be imporant a little later.

現在，記住這一點，因為它是怎麼回事 稍後才會重要。

Hypermasculine behaviors are how men are taught to perform their manhood, to prove

男性的陽剛之氣行為是怎樣的？ 教會他們表現自己的男子氣概，以證明

that they are closer to that fictional ideal than the other men around them.

他們更接近那個虛構的理想。 比身邊的其他男人。

Leonard: "Oh no!"

Leonard："哦，不！"

The four geeks on the Big Bang Theory are shown constantly attempting to perform

大爆炸理論》中的四個怪胎是 畫面中，不斷嘗試表演

some version of hypermasculinity.

某種版本的超男性氣質。

Sheldon: "Now prepare yourself for what may come."

謝爾頓："現在準備好迎接 可以來。"

Wil Wheaton: "Oh Sheldon, do you really think we're going to fight?"

威爾-惠頓："哦，謝爾頓，你真的。 以為我們會打起來嗎？"

Their spectacular failures in their quest to prove their manhood then provides

他們在追求過程中的驚人失敗 以證明他們的男子氣概，然後提供

the ironic hook behind much of the shows comedy.

噱頭 喜劇。

Leonard: "I say this one time, instead of wimping out, let's be bad-asses!"

倫納德："我說這一次，而不是。 懦弱，讓我們成為壞蛋！"

Raj: "Ok. I'll be a bad-ass, but only if you pinky-swear to be one too."

拉吉："好吧，我就做個壞蛋，但前提是要有 你小指頭髮誓也要做一個。"

Now you'd think a bunch of geeks who are regularly derided for being unmanly would

現在，你會認為一群宅男誰是 俗氣

be supportive of each other's insecurities.

互相支持對方的不安全感。

And although there are fleeting moments of compassion between the four friends

雖然有短暫的時刻 四海之內皆兄弟

they spend much of their time mocking and humiliating each other for not

他們成天嘲笑 互相羞辱，因為不

living up to the manhood ideal.

不辜負男人的理想。

Sheldon: "I see you decided to go with pathetic and frightened."

謝爾頓："我看你是決定要和 可悲又害怕。"

Raj: "It's one of his best moves."

拉吉："這是他最擅長的動作之一。"

Sheldon: "I'm having female problems."

Sheldon："我有女性問題。"

Leonard: "If you're cranky and retaining water, I have a theory."

倫納德："如果你脾氣暴躁，保留了 水，我有個理論。"

Raj: "I have to talk to her about this."

拉吉："我得跟她談談這個問題。"

Howard: "Geez, why do you girls always want to talk about things?"

霍華德。"天啊，為什麼你們這些女孩總是... 要不要談談事情？"

This may seem a little counter-intuitive; why would nerds who are bullied for

這看起來似乎有些反常。 為什麼書呆子誰是被欺負的

not acting manly enough, then turn around and replicate that same behavior within

不爺們兒，回頭是岸 並將同樣的行為複製到

their own circles? Well, it's because one ways men learn to perform manhood...

他們自己的圈子？嗯，這是因為一個 男人學習表演男人的方法...

Sheldon: "None shall pass."

"都不能通過"

...is by exerting power over others.

...是通過對他人施加權力。

Remember when I said that one of the characteristics of Hypermasculinity was

記得我說過，其中一個 超男性化的特點是

an obsession with being anti-feminine?

執著於反女權？

Sheldon: "A girls' night? I don't know if I'm up for an evening talking about

Sheldon："女生之夜？我不知道，如果 我想和你聊一個晚上

rainbows, unicorns, and menstrual cramps."

彩虹，獨角獸，還有痛經。"

Time and again we see the men on the show demeaning women and expressing a casual

我們一次又一次地看到節目中的男人們。 貶低女性，隨意表達

distain for anything considered "girl stuff."

蔑視任何被認為是 "女孩的東西"。

Howard: "Sex In the City? Yikes!"

霍華德。"《慾望都市》？呀！"

Penny: "Hey, I happen to love this movie."

Penny："嘿，我正好喜歡這部電影。"

Howard: "Fine, let's watch it. Maybe all our periods with synchronize."

霍華德。"好吧，我們看吧。也許所有 我們的時期與同步"。

Anti-feminine attitudes are also connected to the ways that men police each other's

反女性的態度也與此有關。 男人們互相監督的方式。

presentation of manhood.

男子漢的表現。

Sheldon: "Because of your lactose intolerance you switched over to soy milk. Soy contains

謝爾頓："因為你的乳糖不耐受 你換成了豆漿。大豆含有

estrogen-mimicking compounds. I think your morning Coco Puffs are turning you into a

雌激素模擬化合物。我想你的 早晨的可可泡芙讓你變成了一個。

hysterical woman."

歇斯底里的女人。"

Just so we're clear, when men insult and belittle other men by calling them women,

只是讓我們清楚，當男人侮辱和 貶低其他男人，稱他們為女人。

that is an extension of misogyny.

那是厭女症的延伸。

Leonard: "You're controlling, you're irritating..."

倫納德："你在控制，你在。 煩人的......"

Sheldon: "There you go again: nag, nag, nag. You're only proving my point little lady."

Sheldon："你又來了：嘮叨，嘮叨，嘮叨。 你只是在證明我的觀點，小姑娘。"

Nowhere is this dynamic as clear as in the show's treatment of Raj.

這種動態沒有任何地方比在 該劇對拉吉的處理。

Raj: "Edward's only pushing you away because he loves you."

拉吉："愛德華只是把你推開了。 因為他愛你。"

Raj: "I've got everything we'll need for the big game: low-fat turkey jerky,

拉吉："我已經準備好了我們需要的一切。 大遊戲：低脂火雞肉乾。

low-carb beer, 100 calorie snack packs."

低碳水化合物的啤酒，100卡路里的零食包。"

Leonard: "Pick up a Y-chromosome while you were there? You might be short one."

倫納德："趁著你還在，撿個Y染色體吧。 在那裡？你可能是短的一個。"

Howard: "I won't be making fun of you or the things you like, or the fact that you

"我不會取笑你，也不會取笑你。"我不會取笑你，也不會... 你喜歡的東西，或你的事實，你

[singing] just wanna have fu-un."

[唱]只是想有fu -un。"

In practically every episode over ten seasons, the other characters on the show

在幾乎每集超過10 季，劇中其他角色

make fun of Raj for acting too much like a woman.

嘲笑Raj太像 一個女人。

Raj: "It wasn't a pajama party. It was just a couple of bros hanging out, giggling,

Raj："這不是睡衣派對。It was just 一對兄弟掛出，傻笑。

eating cookie dough, and watching Princess Bride."

吃著餅乾麵糰，看著 公主新娘。"

Howard: "Please stop talking."

霍華德 Howard:"請不要再說話了"

As you might expect, the jokes targeting Raj for not being manly enough

正如你所預料的那樣，這些笑話針對的是 拉吉，因為他不夠男人

are steeped in a thick layer of homophobia.

沉浸在一層厚厚的恐同情緒中。

Howard: "Wow!"

霍華德。"哇！"

Raj: "And that's not even the best part. See, I have one too."

拉吉："這還不是最精彩的部分。 你看，我也有一個。"

Raj: "Check it out, you can wear yours and we can have little sword fights whenever we want."

拉吉："你看看，你可以穿你的，然後。 我們可以隨時進行小規模的劍術比賽。"

The humor consistently codes Raj's more effeminate behaviors and interests as gay

幽默始終如一地碼著Raj的更 娘娘腔

and that's always the punchline.

而這總是衝鋒號。

Raj: "May I have a Grasshopper with a little umbrella, please?"

拉吉："請問我可以用一隻蚱蜢嗎？ 小雨傘，好嗎？"

Howard: "No, you may not." Raj: "Why?"

霍華德 Howard:"不 你不可以" 拉吉："為什麼？"

Howard: "I'm not sitting here with a guy drinking a Grasshopper with a little umbrella."

霍華德。"我不會和一個人坐在這裡 打著小傘喝著螞蚱"。

Raj: "Fine. I'll have a chocolate martini."

拉傑："好吧，我要一杯巧克力馬提尼。我要一杯巧克力馬提尼。"

Howard: " Wrong! Again!"

錯了！"錯了！又錯了！"

Raj is the only one of the four guys who after 230 episodes still doesn't have a

拉吉是四個人中唯一的一個 230集後，仍然沒有一個。

steady girlfriend.

穩定的女友。

Raj: "Do have any idea what it's like to be the only one without a girlfriend?"

拉吉："你知道這是個什麼感覺嗎？ 只有你一個人沒有女朋友？"

Raj: "Even if I get one someday, I'll still be the guy who got a girl after Sheldon Cooper."

拉吉："即使有一天我得到了一個，我還是會。 是那個在謝爾頓・庫珀之後得到一個女孩的人。"

All the others have had their long-term partners join the main cast.

所有其他的人都有其長期的 夥伴加入主力陣容。

I don't think it's a coincidence that the character most ridiculed for being the

我不認為這是一個巧合。 最被人恥笑的人物

most unmanly in a group of men specifically coded to be unmanly, is also the only

巾幗不讓鬚眉 編碼的不男子漢，也是唯一的一個

man of color on the show.

節目中的有色人種。

And as such, Raj fits neatly into Hollywood's long-running tradition of mocking and

是以，拉吉很適合好萊塢的。 嘲諷和

diminishing the sexuality of Asian men.

削弱亞洲男子的性能力；

At times, Raj seems comfortable with his softer, more effeminate version of manhood.

有時，Raj似乎對自己的 更柔和、更娘娘腔的男人味。

TV: "Bridget Jones' Diary." Raj: "Oh my god, I'm crying already."

電視："布里奇特・瓊斯日記" "天啊 我已經哭了" "Oh my god, I'm crying already."

But the show and the other male characters are not, and they let Raj and us as the

但該劇和其他男性角色 不是，他們讓拉吉和我們作為。

audience know that there is something wrong with him for not being manly enough

聽眾知道 匹夫無罪，懷璧其罪

every chance they get.

每當他們得到的機會。

Leonard: "What's up? Howard: "Not his testosterone levels."

倫納德："怎麼了？ Howard："不是他的睪丸素水準"

Raj: "Excuse me, I happen to very comfortable with my masculinity."

拉吉："對不起，我恰好很。 我的陽剛之氣很舒服。"

Howard: "How is that possible?"

霍華德。"這怎麼可能？"

In her 1995 book, Masculinities, RW Connell lays out the theory that there's not just

在她1995年出版的《男性化》一書中，RW Connell 奠定了理論上的基礎，不僅有

one form of masculinity, but rather many different forms of manhood that all exist

一種形式的陽剛之氣，而是許多的 形形色色

within a hierarchy.

在一個層次結構中。

The white heterosexual hypermasculine ideal is at the top of that hierarchy, and then all

白人異性的低男性化理想。 處於該層次結構的頂端，然後所有的

other forms of masculinity are made subordinate to it.

其他形式的陽剛之氣被製造出來 隸屬於它。

Forms of manhood that are in any way associated with homosexuality

男子漢的形式，在任何方面都是 同志

or femininity are pushed further down on the hierarchy.

或女性氣質被進一步推低。 層次。

Sam Spade: "When you're slapped, you'll take it and like it."

Sam Spade: "當你被拍。 你會接受並喜歡它。"

This hierarchical structure then creates a social system wherein men are encouraged

這種層級結構就形成了 一種鼓勵男子的社會制度；

to compete with other men for status and dominance,

與其他男人爭奪地位和 主導地位。

even within their own peer groups and subcultures.

甚至在同齡人中 和亞文化。

Leonard: "You want some more?"

倫納德："你還要嗎？"

This is why even men who are bullied for not meeting the hypermasculine ideal

這就是為什麼即使是被欺負的男人，也會因為 不合男兒本色

often feel the only way they can be seen as real men...

往往覺得只有這樣才能被人看到 作為真正的男人...

Howard: "Well, come on! Get up!" Leonard: "Stay down, bitch."

霍華德："嗯，來吧！"嗯，來吧！起來吧!" 萊納德："趴下，婊子。"

... is by diminishing someone else.

......是通過貶低別人。

Raj: "I am Shiva the Destroyer. I will have the woman."

拉吉："我是毀滅者溼婆。我將 有了這個女人。"

Howard: "I'm warning you, I was judo champion at math camp."

霍華德。"我警告你，我是柔道。 數學夏令營的冠軍。"

The relationship dynamics between Leonard, Sheldon, Howard, and Raj provides us with

倫納德之間的關係動態。 Sheldon Howard和Raj為我們提供了

a microcosm of how this hierarchy of masculinities works.

這種等級制度的一個縮影。 男子氣概的作品。

Raj: "Dude, I'm glad you finally got a girlfriend, but do you have to do all that

拉吉："哥們，我很高興你終於有了一個。 女朋友，但你必須做所有的，

lovey-dovey stuff in front of those of us who don't?"

鴛鴦戲水 誰不知道？"

Sheldon: "Actually he might have to. There's an economic concept known as a

謝爾頓："其實他可能不得不這樣做。有 經濟學概念