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  • Hello.

  • My name is Emma and in today's video I am going to teach you about a very important

  • piece of vocabulary -- it's also very important when it comes to grammar -- and that is the

  • expression: "Just in case" or we can also say: "in case".

  • So, we use this a lot in English, so it's very...

  • It's something very important for you to learn.

  • So let's talk about what it means and how we use it.

  • So, we use: "in case" or "just in case"-we use both-when we are talking about doing something

  • to prevent a problem.

  • Okay?

  • So we're talking about...

  • Or doing something to prepare for a problem.

  • So, we're looking at a problem and we're looking at preparation or prevention of that problem.

  • Okay?

  • So, for example: "Tonight, I am going to a restaurant."

  • I'm very excited.

  • Now, the problem is I get cold very easily, and when I'm cold I'm not a very nice person;

  • I get very cranky, and I'm not a good person to be with when I'm cold.

  • So my problem is I get cold easily.

  • What is my prevention or preparation for this problem?

  • Well: "I will bring a sweater just in case I get cold."

  • Okay?

  • And that way I will have a great time at the restaurant, hopefully.

  • So my problem is being cold, and my preparation is I'm going to bring a sweater.

  • So, as you can see, if you think about life, we have a lot of these types of problems and

  • we do a lot of things to prepare for these types of problems.

  • So let's look at some other examples.

  • Okay, a problem is when it rains...

  • Okay?

  • A lot of the times when it rains, you know, I don't like getting wet, so what do I do?

  • Well, my preparation or prevention is I bring an umbrella, or maybe I'll bring a rain jacket.

  • Okay?

  • So: "I will bring an umbrella just in case it rains."

  • Another problem is if you work at 9am, you know, a lot of the times there's a lot of

  • cars; everybody's going to work at the same time, there's a lot of traffic.

  • And if there's a lot of traffic maybe you'll be late for work.

  • So what will you do for this problem?

  • So, traffic is the problem or maybe going to work late is the problem, but what you

  • can do to prevent or prepare for this problem is you can leave your house early.

  • So: "I leave my house early every day just in case there's traffic."

  • Another example of a problem is maybe you're going to visit your friend, and your friend

  • gives you their address.

  • Now, if you don't write down their address, you're going to be lost.

  • I don't know where they live.

  • I need to go to my friends' house, I forget their address; I don't know where they live.

  • So this is the problem.

  • Especially if you're very forgetful like me or you always forget people's phone numbers

  • or, you know, where people live, this is a big problem.

  • So what do you do to prevent this problem?

  • Well, you write down their address.

  • Okay?

  • On a piece of paper, your friend tells you their address, you write it down.

  • Why do you write it down?

  • "You write down their address just in case you forget it."

  • Okay?

  • You forget their address.

  • So I've just given you some examples of where we would use "just in case".

  • There are a lot of examples for "just in case".

  • I want you to think about your life.

  • Is there something that happens every day to you, maybe you have some sort of problem

  • or something you worry about?

  • So think about that for a second.

  • Is there something you worry about every day, and what do you do to prepare for that or

  • to prevent a problem from happening?

  • Okay?

  • Maybe, you know, you're worried about failing your test, so you might create a study group

  • just in case.

  • Okay?

  • Or maybe, you know, your teacher gives you homework.

  • Maybe you will do the homework just in case they want to see it.

  • So, you see what I'm saying?

  • There's a lot of problems you might have, and a lot of preventions or preparations you

  • do for those problems.

  • So try to think of one in your own life.

  • Okay, so now we are going to look at the grammar of "just in case" or "in case".

  • Okay, so we've already looked at what are problems, and how we prepare or prevent problems.

  • Now let's look at some examples of: How do we create this sentence in a grammatical fashion?

  • So, I have here the sentence: "I will bring an umbrella in case it rains."

  • Do you remember what the problem is?

  • The problem is it rains, and the preparation is bringing an umbrella.

  • I have another sentence.

  • "I will leave my house early in case there is traffic."

  • So, again, traffic is the problem, and leaving my house early is the preparation or the prevention

  • of a problem.

  • So, I have a couple of questions for you about the grammar.

  • Okay?

  • I want you to look at the sentences, both of these sentences: Is the problem...?

  • So the problem we're talking about, do you see the problem before or after the expression

  • "in case"?

  • So where is the problem?

  • So we find "in case".

  • Is the problem before "in case", up here; or is the problem after "in case"?

  • It's after, right?

  • So, "it rains" is the problem, so: "in case it rains", these go together.

  • What about down here? "...in case", is the problem before the word "in case" or is it

  • after the word "in case"?

  • Well, the problem is traffic, so the problem comes after the word "in case".

  • Okay?

  • So if it helps you to remember: "in case"...

  • So we wouldn't write this in a sentence.

  • This is...

  • We won't put these brackets in a sentence, but just to help you in your head to remember:

  • "in case" is with the problem, so these are like one unit, if that makes sense.

  • Okay.

  • And so if the problem comes after "in case", what comes before "in case"?

  • The preparation or the prevention.

  • So after "in case" is the problem, before is the prevention or the preparation.

  • Okay, so what verb tense comes after "in case"?

  • So when we're talking about the problem, what is the verb tense that we use when we're talking

  • about the problem?

  • So I want you to look, here's the verb and here is the other verb.

  • Is this the past, the present, or the future?

  • If you said the present, you are correct.

  • We use the present tense when we use "in case".

  • Okay?

  • And so: "in case it rains", we could put this...

  • You know, imagine if I said: "I will bring a sweater in case it gets cold", so the part

  • after "in case" is always in the present tense.

  • Okay.

  • So another question you might be wondering: "Do 'in case' and 'just in case' mean the

  • same thing?

  • Can I use either, 'in case' or 'just in case?'"

  • "I will bring an umbrella just in case it rains" or "in case it rains", they're both

  • correct.

  • It's your choice; you can use whichever one you prefer.

  • Okay, and these two sentences use the word "will": "I will leave my house early", "I

  • will bring an umbrella", so this is talking about, you know, doing something in the future,

  • right?

  • "In the future I will bring an umbrella", or "In the future I will leave my house early".

  • Do we always use "will" when we use...?

  • When we're making these types of sentences?

  • Can I say: "I always bring an umbrella in case it rains" or "I brought an umbrella in

  • case it rains"?

  • Can I use the past, present, or future, or is it always the future?

  • Actually for "just in case", you can use "will", you can use the past tense, or you can use

  • the present tense when you're talking about the preparation.

  • So the problem...

  • We're talking about a future problem, this stays in the present tense; but in terms of

  • the preparation, it depends on when you do the preparation.

  • So the key question here is: When did you prepare, or when did you prevent the problem?

  • So I'll give you some examples.

  • Imagine for this one: Yesterday I brought an umbrella to work because today I knew it

  • would rain.

  • So if in the past, if yesterday or earlier today, you know, I brought an umbrella, we

  • could change this to: "brought".

  • "I brought an umbrella in case it rains".

  • "...in case it rains" stays the same.

  • Okay?

  • It's always in the present.

  • But before the preparation we can use the past.

  • Or what about if, you know...

  • For example, the second sentence, imagine I always leave my house early, every day.

  • Okay?

  • I always do it.

  • It's a routine.

  • "I will leave my house early in case there's traffic."

  • If it's a routine and it always happens, I can use the present tense here, I can say:

  • "I always leave my house early in case there is traffic."

  • Okay?

  • Or if we're talking about something I'll do in the future to prepare: "I will leave my

  • house early in case there is traffic."

  • So, bottom line, the key point here, the thing that you really got to remember: After "in

  • case" this is always the present.

  • Okay?

  • So, after the words "in case", the verb is the present; but when you're talking about

  • what you're doing, the preparation, it depends on when you prepare.

  • If you're preparing...

  • If the action of preparing is in the past, you use the past; if it's a routine that you

  • always do, you use the present; or if it's something you're going to do, use the future.

  • Okay?

  • So let me think if I can give you another example.

  • Okay, if we think about a test and studying, I can say: "I studied hard for my test yesterday

  • in case my test is hard."

  • Or, sorry: I studied...

  • Yeah.

  • "I really studied for my test yesterday in case the test is hard", so we have it in the

  • past, I studied in the past.

  • Now if, you know, maybe I always study for a test and I always really study hard for

  • a test, I can say it in the present: "I always study for a test in case it's hard."

  • Or, you know, maybe I've never done that before, but maybe tomorrow I'm going to study, I can

  • say: "I will study, you know, for my test in case it's hard."

  • Okay?

  • So it depends on when you're doing that action.

  • All right, so we're going to look at a couple more examples, you know, to get you more practice

  • and more familiar with "in case" and "just in case".

  • Okay, so in my life I get hungry a lot.

  • And just like when I get cold I'm not really a happy person, when I get hungry I'm not

  • a happy person.

  • So in order to make sure I stay happy, I always try to have food with me.

  • So, for example, I've made a sentence with "just in case" or "in case": "I brought a

  • sandwich today in case I get hungry."

  • So what's the problem here?

  • The problem is when Emma's hungry she's a horrible person to be around.

  • Okay?

  • So, we have a problem: Emma's hungry.

  • So, what do we do to make sure Emma, you know, stays like a happy person?

  • Well, we make sure she takes a sandwich with her, so that's the preparation.

  • Okay?

  • And, again, after "in case" we have the problem, before we have the preparation.

  • Okay, and this, again, is in the present tense.

  • And this one is in the past tense because I already brought the sandwich.

  • Okay?

  • This is something I did this morning.

  • Now, it is possible to change the structure of the sentence around.

  • You don't have to, so if you think: "Wow, Emma, today I learned a lot, I don't want

  • to, you know, learn anymore", that's okay, you've learned a lot.

  • But if you're interested, we can also change the sentence and put it in the opposite way.

  • So what do I mean by that?

  • Well, in this case "in case" is the second part of the sentence; we can also put it as

  • the first part of the sentence.

  • "In case I get hungry,"-so it's the exact same words, we just add a comma-"I brought

  • a sandwich".

  • So it's your choice, they have the exact same meaning.

  • You can start with "In case" or "in case" can be in the middle of the sentence.

  • But when you start with "In case", just make sure you remember the comma.

  • Up here there's no comma.

  • Okay?

  • So, for a lot of people this is easier because they, you know, forget their commas, but we

  • do use both.

  • Okay, let's look at another example.

  • "I always keep medicine at home in case I _______ sick."

  • Okay?

  • So if you think about it, a lot of people will have medicine for headaches, or for when

  • they catch a cold, they keep medicine at home.

  • So what's the problem here?

  • The problem is getting sick.

  • Okay?

  • So, the problem is getting sick, and how do we prepare for that?

  • Well, we have medicine at home.

  • So, after "in case" I want to use the verb "get" here.

  • What do I need to do to the verb "get"?

  • Is it going to be in the past tense as in "got", do I say "get", or "will get"?

  • What tense do I use?

  • If you said "get", which is the present tense, you are correct.

  • Yay.

  • Good for you.

  • I hope you got that.

  • "I always keep medicine at home in case I get sick."

  • And, again, this is in the present because it's something we do as a routine, we're always

  • doing this.

  • Okay, so the last example: "I'll go early just in case there is a line."

  • So imagine you're going to the movie theatre, and you know a lot of the times with movie

  • theatres there's a long line up -that's a problem.

  • A long line up is a problem, so what do you do to prevent that problem or to prepare for

  • it?

  • Well, you go to the movie theatre early so you can line up and make sure you get a good

  • seat.

  • So, in this case I've used the word "just in case".

  • "I'll go early to the movie theatre just in case there is a long line."

  • Do I need to use, like, all of this?

  • Can I just say: "I'll go early just in case", and not even say this?

  • That's possible.

  • So if you don't even want to do this, you can actually just say: "I'll go early just

  • in case" as long as the person you're talking to knows, like, the context and can understand

  • what you're talking about, and it's obvious, you know, what you're doing, you can just

  • use "just in case" instead of the full sentence.

  • Okay?

  • So, even up here: "I always keep medicine at home", you probably keep medicine at home

  • in order...

  • Like, in case you get sick, it's kind of obvious, so if you wanted to, you can just say: "...just

  • in case".

  • Okay?

  • So there's a couple of ways we can use "just in case".

  • You've learned a couple of different ways today.

  • You will hear all of these different variations in conversation, in movies, on TV.

  • Again, "just in case" and "in case" is very common and very important; we use it a lot.

  • So you might hear any of these variations of it.

  • So, I hope you have enjoyed this lesson.

  • And just in case you want to practice more, you can come visit our website at www.engvid.com,

  • and there you can do our quiz.

  • Now, in case, you know, maybe you didn't understand the video, like, completely or maybe there's

  • some confusion, in case you're confused, watch the video again.

  • Okay?

  • You can get a lot from watching these videos multiple times.

  • I also want to invite you to come subscribe to our channel; there you can find lots of

  • other videos on things like pronunciation, vocabulary, writing, IELTS.

  • You know, we have so many different types of videos and, you know, on a lot of useful

  • things like grammar and, you know, all sorts of different types of topics.

  • So I really recommend you check that out.

  • Until next time, thanks for watching and take care.

Hello.

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A2 初級 美國腔

學習英語表達。以防萬一 (Learn English Expressions: JUST IN CASE)

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    Aaron Chen 發佈於 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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